簡介
碗米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站位于湖(hu)南省(sheng)保靖(jing)縣(xian)境內的(de)(de)酉(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中游,下(xia)游距保靖(jing)縣(xian)城20km,是酉(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)梯級開發的(de)(de)第(di)四個水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站,尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)與鳳灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)相(xiang)接。壩址以(yi)上控制流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)10415平方公里,占酉(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)56.2%,多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)徑流(liu)量(liang)94.3億(yi)(yi)立方米(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)總(zong)庫(ku)容3.78億(yi)(yi)立方米(mi),調節(jie)庫(ku)容1.25億(yi)(yi)立方米(mi),具有不完全季調節(jie)性(xing)能。工(gong)程以(yi)發電(dian)為主,兼有航運、養殖等(deng)綜合效益。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位248.00m,電(dian)站裝機容量(liang)240MW(3×80MW),保證(zheng)出力(li)18.6MW,多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)發電(dian)量(liang)7.92億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時,年(nian)(nian)利(li)用(yong)小時3300h。
資料
壩址屬于亞熱(re)帶(dai)季風氣(qi)(qi)候區,多年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)16.1℃,極(ji)端最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39.3℃,極(ji)端最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-12.1℃。
壩址控制流(liu)域(yu)面積1.0415萬平方(fang)公里,占全流(liu)域(yu)面積的(de)56.2%。
壩(ba)址(zhi)年平(ping)均流量299立(li)方米/秒,多年平(ping)均徑流量94.3億立(li)方米。工程開發(fa)任務以(yi)發(fa)電為主,兼有(you)通(tong)航要求。
水(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)位(wei)248m,相(xiang)應庫(ku)容(rong)2.53億立(li)方(fang)米;校核洪水(shui)位(wei)254.1m,總庫(ku)容(rong)3.78億立(li)方(fang)米;死(si)水(shui)位(wei)238m,有效庫(ku)容(rong)1.25億立(li)方(fang)米,庫(ku)容(rong)系數(shu)0.013,具有不完全季調節性能。
電(dian)站裝機(ji)(ji)總容量24萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW,共(gong)安(an)裝3臺水(shui)輪發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組,單(dan)機(ji)(ji)容量8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW,保證(zheng)出力1.86萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW,年(nian)發電(dian)量7.92億kW·h。電(dian)站以2回220kV電(dian)壓經花(hua)垣至吉(ji)首接入電(dian)網,輸電(dian)距離80km,在豐水(shui)期主(zhu)要(yao)承擔(dan)基(ji)荷(he),在枯(ku)水(shui)期參(can)與系(xi)統(tong)調峰(feng)。設(she)計年(nian)過壩貨運量14萬(wan)(wan)(wan)t,設(she)計船型為50噸(dun)鋼質船;木材過壩量3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米。
樞紐主(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)筑物(wu)包括RCC重力壩(ba)、消力池(chi)、壩(ba)后地面廠房(fang)和(he)升船機等建(jian)筑物(wu)。
RCC重力壩(ba)(ba)的最大壩(ba)(ba)高64.5m,壩(ba)(ba)頂長度237m。
水庫設計洪水位249.96m,相應(ying)最(zui)大(da)下泄流(liu)(liu)量1.5322萬立方米/秒;校核洪水位254.41m,相應(ying)最(zui)大(da)下泄流(liu)(liu)量2.0451萬立方米/秒。
采(cai)用右(you)岸壩后式廠房(fang)樞紐布(bu)置(zhi)方案(an),即泄水消能建筑物(wu)布(bu)置(zhi)于偏左(zuo)岸的(de)主河(he)床(chuang),電站廠房(fang)布(bu)置(zhi)于右(you)岸壩后,垂直一斜面(mian)升船機布(bu)置(zhi)于左(zuo)岸岸坡。
結構
樞紐由攔河(he)壩、泄洪消能及引(yin)水發電(dian)等建筑(zhu)物組(zu)成。
攔河壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)碾壓混凝土重(zhong)力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線方位N28°38′30″E,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程254.50m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)66.50m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)度(du)238.00m,共分為(wei)10個壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan),從左(zuo)(zuo)至(zhi)右依次(ci)為(wei)左(zuo)(zuo)岸擋水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)、溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)、引水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)和(he)右岸擋水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)。溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)布(bu)置5孔溢(yi)洪道,孔口(kou)尺寸16m×19m(寬(kuan)×高(gao)),閘墩寬(kuan)4m,堰頂高(gao)程229.00m。采用寬(kuan)尾(wei)墩加底流消能,消力池長(chang)97.876m,尾(wei)坎為(wei)差動(dong)式,兩側分別設左(zuo)(zuo)、右導墻(qiang)。引水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)布(bu)置3孔壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)式進水(shui)口(kou),底板高(gao)程222.00m,漸變(bian)段(duan)后接3條內(nei)徑(jing)7m的壓力鋼管(guan),為(wei)半埋藏(zang)式的壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后背管(guan)。
發電(dian)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)為壩(ba)后式,布置(zhi)在主(zhu)(zhu)河(he)槽(cao)右側。主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)尺寸為111.40m×25.10m×47.80m(長(chang)×寬(kuan)×高(gao)),內(nei)裝3臺機(ji)組,安(an)裝場位(wei)于主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)右端(duan)。上游副廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)布置(zhi)有主(zhu)(zhu)變壓器(qi)室、管道母(mu)線與電(dian)纜室、220kVGIS開關室。中控樓布置(zhi)在安(an)裝場的上游。
建設
本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)勘測設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作始(shi)于1954年,1955年提出(chu)(chu)了酉水(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性梯(ti)級開(kai)發方案,將碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)列為第一(yi)期(qi)開(kai)發工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。1997年7月(yue)(yue)正(zheng)式(shi)提出(chu)(chu)《碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性研究報告(gao)》,1998年1月(yue)(yue)中旬,電(dian)(dian)力工(gong)(gong)業部(bu)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)規劃設(she)計(ji)(ji)管理局會同湖(hu)南(nan)省計(ji)(ji)委(wei)、建(jian)(jian)委(wei)在吉首主持召開(kai)了碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性研究報告(gao)審查會議(yi)(yi),正(zheng)式(shi)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)《碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性研究報告(gao)》,同意電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(240MW)、樞紐布置及施工(gong)(gong)導流方案。1997年12月(yue)(yue),國家計(ji)(ji)委(wei)以(yi)(yi)“計(ji)(ji)交能[1997]2629號”文(wen)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)《沅水(shui)(shui)流域梯(ti)級水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)書》,批(pi)(pi)準洪江、碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為沅水(shui)(shui)梯(ti)級滾動開(kai)發一(yi)期(qi)項目(mu)。1999年8月(yue)(yue)國家計(ji)(ji)委(wei)以(yi)(yi)“計(ji)(ji)基礎[1999]1010號”文(wen)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)利(li)(li)(li)用日(ri)元貸款建(jian)(jian)設(she)湖(hu)南(nan)沅水(shui)(shui)一(yi)期(qi)項目(mu)洪江、碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性研究報告(gao),同意利(li)(li)(li)用日(ri)元貸款采購碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)、金結設(she)備(bei),2000年6月(yue)(yue)24日(ri)國家計(ji)(ji)委(wei)以(yi)(yi)“計(ji)(ji)投資[2000]798號”文(wen)正(zheng)式(shi)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)碗米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。
碗米坡水電(dian)站主(zhu)體工程(cheng)于2001年5月(yue)開工;2001年11月(yue)16日(ri)大江截流;2002年1月(yue)8日(ri)開始澆(jiao)筑大壩混凝土;2003年4月(yue)17日(ri),主(zhu)體工程(cheng)210m高程(cheng)以下通(tong)過中國(guo)電(dian)力(li)投資(zi)公司專家(jia)組(zu)驗收(基坑過水前(qian)驗收)。計劃(hua)于2003年11月(yue)下閘蓄水。
湖南(nan)五(wu)凌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)開(kai)發(fa)有限責任(ren)公(gong)司為電(dian)站的業(ye)主單位(wei)(wei),碗米(mi)坡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)廠籌(chou)建處(chu)為現場業(ye)主代表;國家(jia)電(dian)力公(gong)司中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)勘(kan)測設(she)計研究院為設(she)計單位(wei)(wei),湖南(nan)友(you)源工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理(li)咨詢有限公(gong)司為監(jian)理(li)單位(wei)(wei);土(tu)(tu)建Ⅰ標(biao)(biao)(基礎開(kai)挖與(yu)導流工(gong)(gong)(gong)程)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)為中(zhong)(zhong)鐵第十八局第四工(gong)(gong)(gong)程處(chu),土(tu)(tu)建Ⅱ標(biao)(biao)(大壩(ba)、廠房混凝土(tu)(tu)澆筑)、金結安裝與(yu)機電(dian)設(she)備(bei)安裝標(biao)(biao)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)均為中(zhong)(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)第七工(gong)(gong)(gong)程局,人工(gong)(gong)(gong)砂石料系統施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)為遼寧省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程局。