于橋(qiao)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)位于天津市薊(ji)縣城東，是國家重點(dian)大型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)之一，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)壩址(zhi)建于薊(ji)運河左支流州河出口處。
控制(zhi)流(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)2060 k㎡，占整個州(zhou)河(he)流(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的96%。州(zhou)河(he)由沙河(he)、淋河(he)、黎河(he)三大(da)支(zhi)流(liu)匯合(he)而成，各支(zhi)流(liu)上游溝澗甚(shen)多，支(zhi)流(liu)分(fen)散(san)成輻射(she)狀匯集于州(zhou)河(he)盆地(di)，水(shui)庫庫區(qu)即(ji)位于該盆地(di)，最大(da)回水(shui)長東(dong)西約30km，南(nan)北寬8km，最大(da)淹(yan)沒面(mian)(mian)積(ji)250k㎡（正常蓄(xu)水(shui)位時(shi)淹(yan)沒面(mian)(mian)積(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州(zhou)河(he)流(liu)域境內(nei)雨(yu)量充沛，多年(nian)平均降雨(yu)750mm，多年(nian)平均徑(jing)流(liu)量5.06億m3。水(shui)庫運用初期，曾出(chu)現過壩下游大(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)沼澤化、管涌等現象，唐山(shan)大(da)地(di)震后，主河(he)床附近壩段壩坡腳產生裂縫，壩基出(chu)現砂層液化現象。
建立時間
該庫(ku)(ku)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于1959年(nian)，1960年(nian)7月完成(cheng)第(di)—期(qi)工程(攔河(he)壩(ba)(ba)、泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)續建(jian)(jian)開挖(wa)溢洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道(實(shi)(shi)際只開挖(wa)至(zhi)23.0米(mi)高(gao)程)。水庫(ku)(ku)大壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)級建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)，按千(qian)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水設(she)計，最大洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水校核(he)(he)，抗(kang)震按8度(du)設(she)防(fang)。水庫(ku)(ku)正常蓄水位21.16米(mi)，校核(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水位27.72米(mi)。“75.8”河(he)南大水后(hou)，水庫(ku)(ku)被列(lie)為(wei)病險水庫(ku)(ku)，因此(ci)按千(qian)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇設(she)計，最大可(ke)能洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水校核(he)(he)標準對(dui)水庫(ku)(ku)進行(xing)(xing)除險加(jia)固，設(she)計洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水位25．62米(mi)，洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰流(liu)量(liang)8327立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)，校核(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水位27.72米(mi)，洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰流(liu)量(liang)17960立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)。為(wei)保證引灤工程輸(shu)水1982至(zhi)1983年(nian)對(dui)大壩(ba)(ba)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了加(jia)高(gao)壩(ba)(ba)頂、加(jia)固壩(ba)(ba)坡(po)及壩(ba)(ba)基截滲(shen)(shen)等工程措施(shi)。1995年(nian)1996年(nian)采用高(gao)噴(pen)防(fang)滲(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)結合壩(ba)(ba)后(hou)壓(ya)重(zhong)的方(fang)法再次(ci)對(dui)大壩(ba)(ba)進行(xing)(xing)了局部加(jia)固處理(li)(li)。2001年(nian)至(zhi)2003年(nian)再次(ci)對(dui)大壩(ba)(ba)進行(xing)(xing)加(jia)固處理(li)(li)(包括420米(mi)的防(fang)滲(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)，高(gao)壓(ya)噴(pen)射灌漿、補噴(pen)、接觸灌漿、現澆砼防(fang)浪墻(qiang)、減壓(ya)溝回填(tian)、壩(ba)(ba)后(hou)壓(ya)重(zhong)、迎(ying)水坡(po)護砌)。
工程構造
水(shui)庫樞紐工程(cheng)有攔河(he)壩、放水(shui)洞、溢洪道、水(shui)電(dian)站。攔河(he)壩為(wei)均質土(tu)壩，全長2222m，最大壩高(gao)24m，壩頂高(gao)程(cheng)28.72m。放水(shui)洞（兼發電(dian)洞）洞徑5m，壩后電(dian)站設貫(guan)流式(shi)機組四(si)臺，總(zong)裝機5000千瓦(wa)。溢洪道為(wei)開(kai)敞式(shi)堰閘，八孔閘門，凈寬80m，最大泄洪能力(li)4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總庫(ku)容15.59億立方米，正常蓄水位21.16米(大(da)沽)，汛限水位19.87米，死(si)水位15米。水庫(ku)下游直(zhi)接影響(xiang)范(fan)圍(wei)有薊縣、寶坻、寧河(he)、玉田、漢沽等各縣（區(qu)）的低洼地(di)區(qu)近百萬(wan)人口，300余萬(wan)畝耕地(di)。
風光特產
風(feng)景秀麗、群山環繞的(de)于(yu)橋水庫坐落在薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)城東，又(you)名翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)，因南(nan)依翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山而得名。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)水面(mian)寬闊，東西長30公(gong)里，南(nan)北(bei)最寬處15公(gong)里。登翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山俯瞰，煙波浩淼，水天(tian)一(yi)色(se)；蕩舟湖(hu)上(shang)，鷗浮(fu)上(shang)下(xia)，魚(yu)戲東西。南(nan)岸(an)的(de)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山綠樹成蔭，花果滿園(yuan)，葡萄壓枝。象一(yi)幅五彩斑斕的(de)畫卷。北(bei)岸(an)山中古松(song)蒼勁(jing)挺(ting)拔，建筑鱗(lin)次櫛比(bi)，層次豐(feng)富多變。西岸(an)大(da)堤橫臥，綠樹緣堤，遠(yuan)山如黛(dai)，云(yun)煙飄(piao)浮(fu)，極盡幻變幽深之趣。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)盛產魚(yu)蝦，尤以金翅鯉(li)魚(yu)聞名天(tian)下(xia)，據(ju)《薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》載：“鯉(li)魚(yu)產于(yu)薊(ji)運河(he)者皆金鱗(lin)赭(zhe)尾。”而今(jin)這種曾(ceng)為(wei)皇帝(di)貢品(pin)的(de)“御膳鯉(li)”巳(si)成為(wei)普通(tong)游人(ren)的(de)盤(pan)中珍(zhen)品(pin)。
翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)湖夏(xia)季氣候涼爽(shuang)，是理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)避(bi)暑(shu)勝地。盛夏(xia)炎(yan)(yan)炎(yan)(yan)，眺翠(cui)(cui)亭(ting)旁的(de)(de)(de)平灘上，一群群穿著游泳衣的(de)(de)(de)游人(ren)或坐或臥(wo)，悠(you)然自得地沐浴著陽光，人(ren)們紛紛下水(shui)(shui)游泳，任涼爽(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)湖水(shui)(shui)沖(chong)散暑(shu)熱。水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)魚蝦避(bi)開了(le)(le)暢游的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)群，往來(lai)(lai)于紅蕖綠(lv)草之間，招來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)萬釣千(qian)竿。冬(dong)天，這里(li)是滑(hua)冰、賞雪的(de)(de)(de)理(li)想場所(suo)。整個翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)湖雪蓋冰封，銀(yin)裝素裹，滑(hua)冰愛(ai)好者紛至沓來(lai)(lai)。翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)湖南岸多(duo)農家(jia)院(yuan)旅店及活魚館(guan)，是都(dou)市人(ren)周末節假的(de)(de)(de)絕佳(jia)去處。水(shui)(shui)質優良的(de)(de)(de)翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)湖湖域內有(you)120多(duo)種鳥(niao)類。每(mei)年4月(yue)初，水(shui)(shui)鳥(niao)多(duo)達2萬多(duo)只，其中(zhong)有(you)被國家(jia)列為(wei)重點保護的(de)(de)(de)大天鵝、白鸛、白琵鷺等八(ba)種珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)河流帶入大量(liang)氮(dan)、磷；流域內年(nian)均溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)(yue)(yue)），極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)(yue)(yue)）、極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-28．6℃，無(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)170—195天(tian)，溫(wen)度晝(zhou)夜差別及(ji)地(di)區分(fen)布差異也較大，總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)是(shi)溫(wen)度從(cong)北向南遞升。浮游植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)7門58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠藻(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃(huang)(huang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)1、4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)；而(er)6、7、10月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以，于橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)氏微(wei)囊藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、克羅頓脆桿藻(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)輪蟲類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)，輪足種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)，游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)季節(jie)變化、總(zong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)在(zai)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高。底(di)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)只鑒定至(zhi)科(ke)、屬(shu)，故實際數量(liang)超過此數，隸(li)屬(shu)8門6綱38屬(shu))，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)蟲23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以搖(yao)(yao)蚊幼(you)蟲居多(duo)(duo)(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)軟(ruan)體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節(jie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)(gong)獲(huo)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)殼類(lei)(lei)(lei)僅獲(huo)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)，優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)霍(huo)甫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)絲蚓(yin)、蘇(su)氏尾(wei)腮(sai)蚓(yin)、褐斑菱跗搖(yao)(yao)蚊、花(hua)紋前突搖(yao)(yao)蚊、紅(hong)德永(yong)搖(yao)(yao)蚊、離恩菲搖(yao)(yao)蚊和羽搖(yao)(yao)蚊；底(di)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)由5個主(zhu)要類(lei)(lei)(lei)群組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，軟(ruan)體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)居首位(wei)，搖(yao)(yao)蚊幼(you)蟲次(ci)之，再次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)環節(jie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)，除上述三大類(lei)(lei)(lei)群外(wai)、還包括甲(jia)介(jie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)及(ji)搖(yao)(yao)蚊以外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)蟲。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬(shu)于16科(ke)20屬(shu)，屬(shu)世界廣播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)地(di)理(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)單純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)少(shao)，屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶幼(you)年(nian)期(qi)人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫湖沼水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以微(wei)齒眼子菜、馬來(lai)眼子菜、荇菜、正丘菱、菹草為(wei)(wei)(wei)優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、有(you)(you)(you)沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂(piao)浮植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)形(xing)(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年(nian)間共(gong)(gong)采到魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存在(zai)差異，1988年(nian)缺少(shao)似(si)鱭及(ji)似(si)鳊、烏鱧、黃(huang)(huang)顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)量(liang)上升、小雜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)麥穗(sui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)加，鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)基本一(yi)致，翹(qiao)嘴紅(hong)鲌減(jian)少(shao)、白(bai)鰱(lian)、花(hua)鏈稍(shao)有(you)(you)(you)增(zeng)(zeng)加．與投放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)苗有(you)(you)(you)關；繁(fan)殖(zhi)特性(xing)，性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟年(nian)齡(ling)(ling)：1齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、麥穗(sui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、子棱櫛(zhi)、鰕虎(hu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、圓尾(wei)斗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)刺(ci)鰍、中(zhong)(zhong)華多(duo)(duo)刺(ci)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、興凱鮈、中(zhong)(zhong)華鳑、棒花(hua)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)(huang)顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)鰭鲌、鯉、青梢紅(hong)鲌、翹(qiao)嘴紅(hong)鲌、鯰魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、烏鱧、鱖魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)(huang)鱔(shan)共(gong)(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)鰓魚(yu)(yu)(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)產(chan)卵(luan)期(qi)主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)5—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)、秋、冬季無(wu)(wu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)產(chan)卵(luan)。
精靈世界 
