于(yu)橋水(shui)庫位于(yu)天津市薊縣城(cheng)東，是國(guo)家重點大型水(shui)庫之一(yi)，水(shui)庫壩址建于(yu)薊運河左支流州河出口處。
控(kong)制流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積2060 k㎡，占整個州河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積的96%。州河(he)(he)由沙河(he)(he)、淋河(he)(he)、黎河(he)(he)三(san)大(da)支流(liu)(liu)匯(hui)合而成(cheng)，各(ge)支流(liu)(liu)上游溝(gou)澗甚多，支流(liu)(liu)分散成(cheng)輻射(she)狀匯(hui)集(ji)于州河(he)(he)盆地，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)區即位于該盆地，最大(da)回水(shui)(shui)長東西約(yue)30km，南北(bei)寬8km，最大(da)淹(yan)沒面(mian)積250k㎡（正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位時淹(yan)沒面(mian)積86.8 k㎡）。州河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)境內雨量充沛，多年(nian)平均(jun)降雨750mm，多年(nian)平均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量5.06億m3。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)運用初期，曾出現(xian)過(guo)壩(ba)下游大(da)面(mian)積沼澤化、管(guan)涌等現(xian)象(xiang)，唐(tang)山大(da)地震后(hou)，主河(he)(he)床附(fu)近壩(ba)段壩(ba)坡腳(jiao)產(chan)生裂縫，壩(ba)基出現(xian)砂層液化現(xian)象(xiang)。
建立時間
該庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)始建于1959年(nian)(nian)，1960年(nian)(nian)7月完(wan)成第—期工程(攔河壩(ba)(ba)、泄洪(hong)(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)(nian)續建開挖(wa)溢洪(hong)(hong)道(實際只開挖(wa)至23.0米高程)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)大壩(ba)(ba)為一(yi)級建筑(zhu)物，按(an)(an)千年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)設(she)計，最(zui)大洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)校核，抗震按(an)(an)8度設(she)防(fang)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)21.16米，校核洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)27.72米。“75.8”河南(nan)大水(shui)(shui)后，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)被列為病險水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)，因此按(an)(an)千年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇設(she)計，最(zui)大可(ke)能洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)校核標準對水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)進行(xing)除險加(jia)固，設(she)計洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)25．62米，洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流量8327立方米/秒(miao)，校核洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)27.72米，洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流量17960立方米/秒(miao)。為保證(zheng)引(yin)灤工程輸水(shui)(shui)1982至1983年(nian)(nian)對大壩(ba)(ba)實施了加(jia)高壩(ba)(ba)頂、加(jia)固壩(ba)(ba)坡及壩(ba)(ba)基截滲(shen)等工程措施。1995年(nian)(nian)1996年(nian)(nian)采用(yong)高噴防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)結合(he)壩(ba)(ba)后壓(ya)(ya)重(zhong)的方法再(zai)次對大壩(ba)(ba)進行(xing)了局部(bu)加(jia)固處理(li)。2001年(nian)(nian)至2003年(nian)(nian)再(zai)次對大壩(ba)(ba)進行(xing)加(jia)固處理(li)(包括420米的防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)，高壓(ya)(ya)噴射灌(guan)漿(jiang)、補噴、接觸灌(guan)漿(jiang)、現澆砼防(fang)浪墻(qiang)、減壓(ya)(ya)溝(gou)回填、壩(ba)(ba)后壓(ya)(ya)重(zhong)、迎水(shui)(shui)坡護(hu)砌)。
工程構造
水(shui)庫樞紐工程有攔河壩(ba)、放水(shui)洞、溢(yi)洪道、水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)。攔河壩(ba)為均質土壩(ba)，全(quan)長2222m，最(zui)大壩(ba)高24m，壩(ba)頂高程28.72m。放水(shui)洞（兼(jian)發電(dian)洞）洞徑(jing)5m，壩(ba)后電(dian)站(zhan)設貫流式機組四臺，總(zong)裝機5000千瓦。溢(yi)洪道為開敞式堰閘，八孔閘門，凈寬80m，最(zui)大泄洪能(neng)力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總(zong)庫(ku)容15.59億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，正(zheng)常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)21.16米(mi)(mi)(大沽)，汛(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)19.87米(mi)(mi)，死水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)15米(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)下(xia)游直接影響范圍(wei)有薊縣(xian)、寶坻、寧河、玉田、漢沽等各縣(xian)（區(qu)）的低洼地(di)區(qu)近百萬人口(kou)，300余萬畝耕地(di)。
風光特產
風景秀麗(li)、群山(shan)環(huan)繞的于橋水庫坐落(luo)在薊(ji)縣城(cheng)東，又名(ming)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)，因南依翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屏山(shan)而(er)得名(ming)。翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)水面寬闊，東西長30公(gong)里(li)，南北最寬處15公(gong)里(li)。登(deng)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屏山(shan)俯瞰，煙波浩淼，水天一色；蕩舟湖(hu)上(shang)，鷗浮上(shang)下(xia)，魚(yu)戲東西。南岸(an)的翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屏山(shan)綠樹(shu)(shu)成(cheng)蔭(yin)，花果滿園，葡萄壓枝。象一幅五(wu)彩斑斕的畫卷。北岸(an)山(shan)中古松(song)蒼(cang)勁挺拔，建(jian)筑(zhu)鱗(lin)次櫛(zhi)比，層次豐富多(duo)變。西岸(an)大堤(di)橫臥，綠樹(shu)(shu)緣堤(di)，遠山(shan)如黛，云煙飄浮，極盡幻變幽深之趣。翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)盛產魚(yu)蝦，尤以金翅鯉魚(yu)聞名(ming)天下(xia)，據《薊(ji)縣志》載：“鯉魚(yu)產于薊(ji)運(yun)河者(zhe)皆金鱗(lin)赭尾。”而(er)今(jin)這種曾為皇帝貢品的“御膳鯉”巳成(cheng)為普(pu)通(tong)游人的盤(pan)中珍品。
翠屏(ping)湖(hu)(hu)夏季氣(qi)候涼爽，是理想的(de)(de)避暑(shu)勝(sheng)地。盛夏炎(yan)炎(yan)，眺翠亭旁的(de)(de)平灘上，一群(qun)(qun)(qun)群(qun)(qun)(qun)穿著游泳衣的(de)(de)游人或坐或臥(wo)，悠然自得地沐浴(yu)著陽光，人們紛(fen)紛(fen)下水游泳，任(ren)涼爽的(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)水沖散暑(shu)熱。水中(zhong)魚(yu)蝦避開了(le)暢游的(de)(de)人群(qun)(qun)(qun)，往來(lai)于紅蕖綠草之間，招來(lai)了(le)萬釣千竿。冬天，這里是滑(hua)冰(bing)、賞雪(xue)的(de)(de)理想場所。整個翠屏(ping)湖(hu)(hu)雪(xue)蓋冰(bing)封，銀(yin)裝素裹，滑(hua)冰(bing)愛好者紛(fen)至沓來(lai)。翠屏(ping)湖(hu)(hu)南岸多農家院旅店(dian)及活(huo)魚(yu)館，是都市人周末節假的(de)(de)絕(jue)佳去處。水質優良的(de)(de)翠屏(ping)湖(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)域內(nei)有120多種鳥類(lei)。每年4月(yue)初(chu)，水鳥多達2萬多只，其中(zhong)有被國家列為重點保護(hu)的(de)(de)大天鵝、白(bai)鸛、白(bai)琵鷺等八種珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)帶入大量(liang)(liang)氮(dan)、磷；流(liu)域內年均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)(yue)），極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)(yue)）、極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)-28．6℃，無霜(shuang)期170—195天，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度晝夜差別及地(di)區(qu)分(fen)布差異(yi)也較(jiao)大，總的(de)(de)(de)狀況是溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度從(cong)北向(xiang)南遞升。浮(fu)游(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)7門(men)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)橋水(shui)庫(ku)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)1、4、5月(yue)(yue)為(wei)金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；而6、7、10月(yue)(yue)為(wei)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月(yue)(yue)為(wei)藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以(yi)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)橋水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)惠氏(shi)微(wei)囊藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、克羅頓脆桿(gan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)輪蟲(chong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)多，輪足(zu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)，游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)季節變化、總生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)9月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高。底棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)只鑒定至科、屬，故實際數量(liang)(liang)超(chao)過(guo)此數，隸屬8門(men)6綱38屬)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)是水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲(chong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)又以(yi)搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)居多(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其次(ci)是軟體(ti)(ti)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)獲6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)僅獲2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)霍(huo)甫水(shui)絲蚓、蘇氏(shi)尾(wei)腮蚓、褐斑菱跗(fu)搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)、花紋前突搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)、紅德永搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)、離(li)恩菲搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)和羽(yu)搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)；底棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)由5個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)要類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群組成(cheng)，軟體(ti)(ti)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)居首位，搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)次(ci)之，再(zai)次(ci)為(wei)環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，除(chu)上述三大類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群外(wai)、還包括甲介(jie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)以(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)其他水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲(chong)。水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)16科20屬，屬世界廣播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺水(shui)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)地(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)單純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)少(shao)，屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶幼(you)(you)年期人(ren)工水(shui)庫(ku)湖沼水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)被，其中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)微(wei)齒眼(yan)子(zi)菜(cai)、馬來眼(yan)子(zi)菜(cai)、荇菜(cai)、正丘菱、菹草為(wei)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、有(you)(you)沉水(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮(fu)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮(fu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)形(xing)(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年間(jian)共(gong)采到魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)存在(zai)差異(yi)，1988年缺少(shao)似鱭及似鳊、烏(wu)鱧(li)、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產量(liang)(liang)上升、小(xiao)雜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)麥穗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)增加(jia)，鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基本一致，翹(qiao)嘴紅鲌(ba)(ba)(ba)減少(shao)、白(bai)鰱(lian)、花鏈稍有(you)(you)增加(jia)．與(yu)投放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗有(you)(you)關；繁殖特性(xing)，性(xing)成(cheng)熟年齡(ling)：1齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、麥穗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、子(zi)棱櫛、鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、圓尾(wei)斗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)刺鰍(qiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)多刺魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍(qiu)、興凱鮈、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)鳑、棒(bang)花魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)紅鰭鲌(ba)(ba)(ba)、鯉、青梢紅鲌(ba)(ba)(ba)、翹(qiao)嘴紅鲌(ba)(ba)(ba)、鯰魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、烏(wu)鱧(li)、鱖魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃鱔共(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)鰓魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵(luan)(luan)期主(zhu)(zhu)要集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)5—7月(yue)(yue)、秋(qiu)、冬季無魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵(luan)(luan)。
精靈世界 
