地理位置
日照(zhao)水(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)區(qu)位(wei)于(yu)日照(zhao)市東(dong)港區(qu)西(xi)(xi)部,水(shui)庫(ku)流域形(xing)狀呈橢圓形(xing),西(xi)(xi)高東(dong)低(di),上游(you)(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)部和北部為(wei)淺山(shan)區(qu),面(mian)積占(zhan)40%,高程為(wei)200~400米,中下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)為(wei)丘(qiu)陵區(qu),面(mian)積占(zhan)20%,河谷平原占(zhan)40%。庫(ku)區(qu)沿岸出(chu)露基巖節理發育,極(ji)易風化(hua)破碎,為(wei)沖溝形(xing)成提供(gong)了條(tiao)件,洪水(shui)期(qi)有大量的泥(ni)沙(sha)沿沖溝入(ru)庫(ku)沉(chen)積。近年(nian)來,庫(ku)區(qu)上游(you)(you)(you)綠化(hua)面(mian)積增加,水(shui)土保持狀況好轉,淤(yu)積逐漸減少。
日照水(shui)庫(ku),因主要庫(ku)址屬(shu)地(di)在東港(gang)區西(xi)湖鎮(zhen),又名西(xi)湖水(shui)庫(ku)。它雖(sui)無西(xi)子之美,但也獨有韻味。幽碧湖中,群山倒(dao)映,漣漪細碎,山水(shui)交映,頗具詩(shi)情畫意(yi)。
水庫概況
水(shui)(shui)庫樞(shu)紐工程包括南北(bei)壩(ba)、南北(bei)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)洞、南北(bei)水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)、溢洪道等部分(fen)。大(da)壩(ba)軸線呈折(zhe)線型。
南(nan)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),為(wei)粘土(tu)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)砂(sha)(sha)殼(ke)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)長1116米(mi)(mi),加固后(hou)(hou)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程47.4米(mi)(mi)。北(bei)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)長357米(mi)(mi),西段(duan)285米(mi)(mi)為(wei)寬心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)砂(sha)(sha)殼(ke)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),東段(duan)72米(mi)(mi)為(wei)黏土(tu)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)砂(sha)(sha)殼(ke)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)。【按照土(tu)料(liao)在壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)內的配置和防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)體(ti)(ti)的材料(liao),分(fen)為(wei)均質壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、黏土(tu)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)和斜(xie)(xie)(xie)墻(qiang)(qiang)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、人工材料(liao)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)和斜(xie)(xie)(xie)墻(qiang)(qiang)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、多(duo)種(zhong)土(tu)質壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、土(tu)石(shi)(shi)混合壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba);土(tu)石(shi)(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)一般由(you)四部分(fen)組成,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)體(ti)(ti)、排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)備和護坡。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)形(xing)式為(wei)黏土(tu)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)、斜(xie)(xie)(xie)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)、混凝土(tu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(0+280~0+960段(duan)),其中(zhong),0+000~0+280及0+960~1+116在斜(xie)(xie)(xie)心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)之上鋪設(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)復合土(tu)工膜。副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)形(xing)式為(wei)黏土(tu)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)墻(qiang)(qiang)(0+230~0+357段(duan)),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)形(xing)式為(wei)帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(0+050~0+150及0+200~0+357,共257米(mi)(mi))。主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)前(qian)為(wei)干砌塊石(shi)(shi)護坡、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)(hou)為(wei)草皮護坡。主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)備為(wei)棱體(ti)(ti)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),起(qi)降低浸潤線、防(fang)(fang)(fang)止壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)坡凍脹、保護下(xia)游壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)腳、支(zhi)持壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)增加穩定的作用(yong);另在壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)(hou)坡設(she)有縱(zong)橫向排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝;主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)(hou)設(she)置11眼減(jian)(jian)壓(ya)(ya)井與壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝為(wei)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),減(jian)(jian)少(shao)滲(shen)透壓(ya)(ya)力、防(fang)(fang)(fang)止滲(shen)透破壞。主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)設(she)有大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)測(ce)壓(ya)(ya)管40根(觀測(ce)繞流、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)浸潤線和壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力)和沉陷(xian)位移觀測(ce)點24個(水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平、沉陷(xian)觀測(ce))。
南放水(shui)洞(dong)位于主(zhu)壩1+060處(chu)(chu),內(nei)徑1.6米(mi)(mi),設(she)計流量20.5立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao);北(bei)放水(shui)洞(dong)位于副壩0+122處(chu)(chu),內(nei)徑3.0米(mi)(mi),設(she)計流量116立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)。水(shui)電站位于北(bei)放水(shui)洞(dong)出口處(chu)(chu),總裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量1500千瓦。水(shui)庫(ku)溢洪道為(wei)開(kai)敞(chang)式(shi),七(qi)孔(kong)10×7.5米(mi)(mi)露(lu)頂式(shi)弧形(xing)鋼(gang)閘(zha)(zha)門(men),閘(zha)(zha)底高程36.4米(mi)(mi),校核最大(da)泄(xie)量3760立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)。
日(ri)照(zhao)水(shui)庫灌(guan)區(qu)自1960年(nian)開(kai)(kai)發以來,實行水(shui)庫、灌(guan)區(qu)統一管理,幾經擴建(jian)(jian)配套(tao),現渠(qu)系(xi)由總(zong)干(gan)渠(qu)、東干(gan)渠(qu)、南干(gan)渠(qu)、南分干(gan)和大洼分干(gan)組成(cheng),總(zong)干(gan)渠(qu)長(chang)4.7千(qian)米(mi)(mi),4條干(gan)渠(qu)總(zong)長(chang)101.3千(qian)米(mi)(mi),28條支(zhi)渠(qu),總(zong)長(chang)85.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi),橋、涵(han)、閘等各類干(gan)支(zhi)渠(qu)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)1230座,斗渠(qu)以下(xia)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)2100座。灌(guan)區(qu)有(you)效灌(guan)溉面積13000公頃(qing),近年(nian)來最大實灌(guan)面積達10667公頃(qing),最小(xiao)僅4533公頃(qing)。自1999年(nian)開(kai)(kai)始,對(dui)灌(guan)區(qu)進行了五期節水(shui)改(gai)造及續建(jian)(jian)配套(tao)工程,襯(chen)砌防滲干(gan)渠(qu)34.6千(qian)米(mi)(mi),新建(jian)(jian)改(gai)建(jian)(jian)各類渠(qu)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)118座。
防洪概況
現狀(zhuang)防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)標(biao)準達百(bai)年設計(ji)、五(wu)千年校核(he)。設計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)44.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),校核(he)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)46.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。百(bai)年一遇洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為307毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)為13663.5萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);72小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為351.4毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),72小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)為15975.7萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);最(zui)(zui)大入庫流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)4200立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒,最(zui)(zui)大泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)2570立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒,最(zui)(zui)高洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)44.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。五(wu)千年一遇洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為507.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)為29788.4萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);72小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為572.2毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),72小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)為33024.9萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);最(zui)(zui)大入庫流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8610立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒,最(zui)(zui)大泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)3880立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒,最(zui)(zui)高洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)46.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
流域概況
水庫上(shang)游流域(yu)屬低(di)山丘陵(ling)區,水土保持良好,形狀(zhuang)為橢(tuo)圓形,三莊(zhuang)河(he)、沈(shen)疃(tuan)河(he)兩條(tiao)主要支流呈(cheng)雙支分布。流域(yu)上(shang)游已(yi)建小(xiao)(一(yi))型(xing)水庫四(si)座(zuo),小(xiao)(二)型(xing)水庫26座(zuo),塘壩(ba)322座(zuo),控制(zhi)流域(yu)面積56平方(fang)千米(mi),總庫容(rong)2429萬立方(fang)米(mi)。水庫上(shang)游42.5-46.51米(mi)高程之(zhi)間涉及3個鄉鎮(zhen)19個自然村,影(ying)響人(ren)口1.43萬人(ren)。
下游河道(dao)流(liu)經三個區7個鄉鎮、街(jie)道(dao)辦事處,67個自然村,影(ying)響著6.06萬(wan)人口、17萬(wan)畝耕地和204國道(dao)、兗石鐵路、日(ri)東、同三高速(su)公路及(ji)部分大中型(xing)企業(ye)的防洪安全。
水庫效益
日照水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)在防(fang)洪(hong)、灌溉、供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、發(fa)(fa)電、綜合(he)經營等方(fang)(fang)面效(xiao)益顯著,日照水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)遇(yu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),削(xue)減洪(hong)峰(feng)50%,千(qian)(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),削(xue)減洪(hong)峰(feng)54%。1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月15日降特大暴雨,4小(xiao)時降雨385毫米(mi),是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)運行史上最大的一(yi)次洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),進庫(ku)流量(liang)(liang)3982立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒(miao),出庫(ku)流量(liang)(liang)886立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒(miao),削(xue)減洪(hong)峰(feng)78%。日照水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)是向(xiang)日照城區供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源地。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)(nian)灌溉面積1000公(gong)頃(qing),平均每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)6800萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(含生態用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang))。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站已累計發(fa)(fa)電7800萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦時,多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)電量(liang)(liang)為180萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦時。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土資源,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產養(yang)殖、農林種植、產品加工冷(leng)藏、建(jian)筑開發(fa)(fa)等綜合(he)經營。
庫區旅游
旅游資源
日照水(shui)庫底(di)部有一(yi)深(shen)潭(tan)(tan),是現在水(shui)庫的(de)最深(shen)處(chu)。傳說(shuo)(shuo)潭(tan)(tan)中有一(yi)洞(dong)府(fu),里邊住著神(shen)(shen)仙。人們(men)常到(dao)此(ci)處(chu)詢問吉兇、占卜未來,故名占卜潭(tan)(tan)。傳說(shuo)(shuo)很(hen)靈驗,如人們(men)要(yao)舉辦盛大的(de)宴(yan)會,缺杯(bei)盤碗碟(die),至(zhi)潭(tan)(tan)邊一(yi)求(qiu),玲瓏剔透、神(shen)(shen)氣古(gu)怪(guai)的(de)杯(bei)盤碗碟(die)便會漂出水(shui)面,送到(dao)面前。不過一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)如數奉還(huan)。后來有一(yi)個貪心的(de)人,留下一(yi)只玉(yu)杯(bei),自(zi)此(ci)便誰也(ye)借不出了。還(huan)傳說(shuo)(shuo)有一(yi)名叫張(zhang)鑫的(de)人經洞(dong)府(fu)傳遞(di)求(qiu)信,曾(ceng)有幸一(yi)游洞(dong)府(fu),說(shuo)(shuo)洞(dong)府(fu)瓊臺樓閣,金碧輝煌,非人間(jian)所有。
日照水(shui)庫(ku)的大壩上(shang)有一紀念碑(bei),上(shang)有舒同題書“日照水(shui)庫(ku)”四(si)字(zi)。水(shui)庫(ku)四(si)周(zhou)青松滿崗,壩西(xi)有一仿古小亭,登(deng)臨幽亭,極目舒曠(kuang)。若泛舟湖中,閑情垂釣,別有情致。
周邊景點
日照水庫及(ji)其(qi)周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多處(chu)古(gu)跡。西山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)劉(liu)勰故里——劉(liu)三公莊,東港(gang)區三莊鎮(zhen)。這(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)古(gu)今稀有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)古(gu)色古(gu)香(xiang)的(de)樹(shu)種獨株黑(hei)彈樹(shu),樹(shu)干形體奇特,樹(shu)冠若傘(san),夜深藍、近(jin)乎黑(hei)。這(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)海拔391米(mi)的(de)五(wu)姑(gu)洞(dong)(dong)山(shan),山(shan)勢(shi)險峻,峰頂有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一古(gu)井,名“龍泉”,遇旱不枯,井西有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)姑(gu)洞(dong)(dong)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)李睦妹(mei)等(deng)五(wu)姑(gu)曾在此修(xiu)煉,可騎竹竿穿山(shan)越洞(dong)(dong),終成正果。五(wu)姑(gu)洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“一腳(jiao)路子”、“干瞪眼”、“將軍(jun)肚子”、“十(shi)八盤(pan)”、“佛爺洞(dong)(dong)”等(deng)景觀。
水(shui)庫西(xi)南(nan)的大花崖村,有(you)一株銀杏(xing),外環內空,蒼勁挺拔,樹干中空處(chu)又生長出(chu)榆樹,樹干叉(cha)延(yan),榆錢飛舞,白果累(lei)累(lei),令人稱奇(qi)。
沿(yan)銀杏樹旁公路南行(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)遠(yuan),折向西行(xing)(xing),山(shan)(shan)(shan)路彎彎,峰回(hui)路轉(zhuan),便到回(hui)龍(long)觀(guan),現僅(jin)存遺址。康(kang)熙間(jian)夏羽人修真于此,石壁崗存自題詩一首:“千巖萬壑極躋攀,將謂(wei)深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)盡此間(jian)。行(xing)(xing)到深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)更深(shen)處(chu),深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)深(shen)處(chu)更深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。”還(huan)有一首來訪不(bu)(bu)遇的題詩:“明月清(qing)風(feng)調,高山(shan)(shan)(shan)流水(shui)音。予期(qi)今不(bu)(bu)遇,誰識伯牙心。”回(hui)龍(long)觀(guan)雖僅(jin)存遺址,但茂林修竹,流波飛瀑,鳥鳴酈囀,令(ling)人流連忘返(fan)。