簡介
緊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站(Jinshuitan Hydropower Station) 位(wei)于(yu)中國浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省云(yun)和(he)縣境內、甌江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游大溪的支(zhi)流龍泉(quan)溪上(shang),距云(yun)和(he)縣城19km,為壩(ba)式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站。緊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站以(yi)發(fa)電為主(zhu),兼有(you)(you)航運、過(guo)(guo)木(mu)(竹)、防洪等綜合效益(yi)。主(zhu)要擔負華東電網(wang)調峰任務,并(bing)通過(guo)(guo)220kV輸電線路(lu)供電麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、溫(wen)州地區(qu),形成浙(zhe)南電力系統。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)184m,相應(ying)(ying)庫(ku)容(rong)10.4億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);死水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)164m,相應(ying)(ying)庫(ku)容(rong)4.87億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);校核(he)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)192.7m,相應(ying)(ying)總庫(ku)容(rong)13.93億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),具(ju)有(you)(you)年(nian)調節性能(neng)。電站裝機容(rong)量30萬kW,保證出(chu)力3.03萬kW,多年(nian)平均年(nian)發(fa)電量4.9億(yi)kW·h。過(guo)(guo)壩(ba)設施年(nian)通過(guo)(guo)能(neng)力:貨物18萬t,竹木(mu)約30萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。
水(shui)(shui)利(li)工程壩址以上流(liu)域面(mian)積2761平方(fang)公里,氣候溫(wen)和(he),雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,多年平均流(liu)量(liang)100立方(fang)米(mi)/秒,年徑流(liu)量(liang)31.54億立方(fang)米(mi),1000年一遇(yu)洪峰流(liu)量(liang)11700立方(fang)米(mi)/秒,10000年一遇(yu)洪峰流(liu)量(liang)14900立方(fang)米(mi)/秒,年輸沙(sha)量(liang)33.1萬t,含(han)沙(sha)量(liang)僅0.089 kg/立方(fang)米(mi)。壩區(qu)位于(yu)峽(xia)谷河段,為花(hua)崗巖地層。壩區(qu)地震基杏烈度(du)Ⅵ度(du),大(da)壩按(an)Ⅶ度(du)設防。位于(yu)水(shui)(shui)庫上游的(de)龍泉(quan)市是著名(ming)的(de)龍泉(quan)寶劍(jian)產地,龍泉(quan)青瓷是中國宋代四(si)大(da)名(ming)窯(yao)之(zhi)一。
樞紐布置
工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由混(hun)凝(ning)土拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)、過船(chuan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和筏道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)等組(zu)(zu)成。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址河(he)谷呈梯(ti)形,河(he)床寬約100m,河(he)谷寬高比3.06,兩(liang)岸邊坡40°~50°,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基花崗巖裸露,巖層(ceng)完(wan)整,巖必(bi)均(jun)一(yi)(yi)、堅硬。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩斷裂(lie)規模小,但(dan)延伸較長,節理裂(lie)隙較發(fa)育(yu)。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)三(san)心(xin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變厚(hou)(hou)(hou)混(hun)凝(ning)土雙(shuang)曲拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高102m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程(cheng)194m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂弧(hu)(hu)長350.6m、厚(hou)(hou)(hou)5m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)底厚(hou)(hou)(hou)24.6m,厚(hou)(hou)(hou)高比0.24,弧(hu)(hu)高比3.44。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水平(ping)拱圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由左、中(zhong)、右(you)(you)3段圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)曲線組(zu)(zu)成,中(zhong)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)拱圈等厚(hou)(hou)(hou),上下(xia)游為(wei)同(tong)心(xin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)線;左、右(you)(you)側(ce)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)拱拱圈變厚(hou)(hou)(hou),上下(xia)游圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)不同(tong)心(xin)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂中(zhong)心(xin)角(jiao):右(you)(you)側(ce)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)16°42′6″,中(zhong)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)50°,左側(ce)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)16°24′。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)分(fen)20個(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段,橫縫設(she)(she)有豎向鍵(jian)槽,并每隔20m左右(you)(you)分(fen)一(yi)(yi)灌漿區。樞紐(niu)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),防洪(hong)(hong)標準為(wei)1000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇設(she)(she)計,10000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇校(xiao)核。泄(xie)(xie)洪(hong)(hong)設(she)(she)施均(jun)通過壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身,即(ji)左右(you)(you)側(ce)均(jun)設(she)(she)淺(qian)孔(kong)滑(hua)雪道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)和中(zhong)孔(kong)滑(hua)雪道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)溢洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)各1個(ge)。淺(qian)孔(kong)泄(xie)(xie)常年(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水,進口高程(cheng)161m,出(chu)口寬8.6m,高8m,2個(ge)淺(qian)孔(kong)最大(da)泄(xie)(xie)量計2788立(li)方米/秒(miao)(miao);中(zhong)孔(kong)除泄(xie)(xie)洪(hong)(hong)外,兼作(zuo)放空水庫(ku)及施工(gong)(gong)導(dao)流之用(yong),進口高程(cheng)135.8m,出(chu)口寬7.5m,高7m,2個(ge)中(zhong)孔(kong)最大(da)泄(xie)(xie)量計3189立(li)方米/秒(miao)(miao),中(zhong)孔(kong)、淺(qian)孔(kong)均(jun)在出(chu)口處(chu)設(she)(she)弧(hu)(hu)形控制閘門,門后為(wei)滑(hua)雪道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)泄(xie)(xie)水道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),其(qi)末端采(cai)用(yong)鼻坎挑流消能,坎頂高程(cheng)均(jun)為(wei)122m。水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)位(wei)于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后,長126.5m,寬18m,高35.8m,廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)內安裝單機容量5萬kW混(hun)流式(shi)(shi)水輪發(fa)電機組(zu)(zu)6臺,額定(ding)水頭69m。電站(zhan)采(cai)用(yong)單機單管(guan)引水,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后背管(guan)布置。副廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)位(wei)于主(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)上下(xia)游兩(liang)側(ce),以2回220kV、4回110kV輸(shu)電線路出(chu)線。過船(chuan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)及過木(竹(zhu))道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)于右(you)(you)岸,前者采(cai)用(yong)高低輪式(shi)(shi)斜面升船(chuan)機,船(chuan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)全長845m。轉(zhuan)盤式(shi)(shi)木竹(zhu)纜車道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)全長644m。
水利(li)工(gong)程工(gong)程于1981年開(kai)工(gong),施(shi)工(gong)采用(yong)隧洞導(dao)流、一次(ci)斷流、全年施(shi)工(gong)方式,上游(you)采用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)拱圍堰(yan),下(xia)游(you)圍堰(yan)為混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)重力式,壩基開(kai)挖(wa)采用(yong)預裂爆破(po)法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)。1987年4月第1臺機組發電,1988年底6臺機組全部(bu)投產。主體工(gong)程量:土(tu)(tu)石方開(kai)挖(wa)73.7萬(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑75.1萬(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi)。水庫淹沒耕地1120 公(gong)頃,移民21767人,預算總(zong)投資5.59億元。
工(gong)程由水利電(dian)力部華東勘測(ce)設計(ji)研究院設計(ji),水利電(dian)力部第十二(er)工(gong)程局施工(gong)。
其他
該電站是一座大型水電站,在云和縣緊水灘鎮西北金水峽口,以灘得名,是甌江流域龍泉溪梯級開發的第一級。電站水庫庫容13.93億立方米,水庫水面面積34.3平方公里。大壩為水工I級建筑物,壩型采用變圓心,變半徑,三心雙曲變厚混凝土拱壩,屬國內高壩中首次選用。最大壩高102米,壩頂軸線弧長350.6米,壩頂寬5米,壩底寬26.5米。大壩左右兩側,每側各設1個淺孔和1個中孔滑雪式溢洪道,單孔最大(da)(da)(da)泄(xie)洪(hong)量1594立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/每秒,全部溢洪(hong)設(she)(she)施最大(da)(da)(da)泄(xie)洪(hong)能力(li)(li)為6177立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/每秒。大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)右岸(an)有(you)(you)845.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)的斜坡卷揚道式(shi)鋼筋混凝土船道和竹木(mu)筏(fa)道,設(she)(she)計過船噸位為30噸,年(nian)(nian)過壩(ba)能力(li)(li)18.4萬噸,竹木(mu)筏(fa)2974萬立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。發(fa)電廠房(fang)設(she)(she)在壩(ba)后左右兩側中也溢洪(hong)道之間(jian),面積(ji)1951.2平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),由6個(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)段和1個(ge)(ge)裝(zhuang)配(pei)間(jian)組(zu)成(cheng),廠房(fang)左端設(she)(she)176米(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)的交通(tong)洞至金水坑口。電廠設(she)(she)110千伏(fu)和220千伏(fu)變電站,經(jing)金華并入華東大(da)(da)(da)網。緊水灘電站1978年(nian)(nian)開始(shi)施工(gong)準備,1981年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)主(zhu)體工(gong)和動工(gong),1983年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)31日截流(liu),1986年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)下閘蓄水,1987年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)4日1號機(ji)(ji)組(zu)并網發(fa)電,1988年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)31日6臺機(ji)(ji)組(zu)全部投入運引。電站投資5.59億(yi)元,遷移人(ren)口21767人(ren)。緊水灘電站以發(fa)電為主(zhu),并有(you)(you)防洪(hong)、灌(guan)溉、航(hang)遠(yuan)、漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、林果業(ye)(ye)(ye)、旅(lv)游業(ye)(ye)(ye)等綜合效益。電站建設(she)(she)期間(jian),水電部部長(chang)錢正(zheng)英(ying),中共浙(zhe)江省委書記鐵瑛、副書記陳作霖等領導(dao)先(xian)后到(dao)工(gong)地視察、指導(dao)工(gong)作。緊水灘電站除大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)等主(zhu)體工(gong)程(cheng)外,廠區占地200余(yu)畝,有(you)(you)綠地150余(yu)畝、房(fang)屋(wu)建筑259012平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),內設(she)(she)仙(xian)宮山莊,為園(yuan)林式(shi)廠區。緊水灘電站年(nian)(nian)接待游客1.5萬人(ren)次(ci)。