工程簡介
喀什塔什庫爾(er)干縣興建的下(xia)坂地水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是2001年國(guo)務院批準(zhun)的《塔里(li)(li)木河(he)流(liu)域近期綜合治理(li)規劃》中(zhong)確定的唯一山區水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),屬國(guo)家、新疆維吾(wu)爾(er)自治區重點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設項目,位于塔里(li)(li)木河(he)水(shui)(shui)系葉(xie)爾(er)羌河(he)支流(liu)塔什庫爾(er)干河(he)的中(zhong)下(xia)游。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)壩(ba)址距(ju)塔什庫爾(er)干縣城45公里(li)(li)、距(ju)烏魯木齊(qi)1815公里(li)(li)。下(xia)坂地水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總工(gong)(gong)期為55個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)。其中(zhong):施工(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備期18個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue),主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)期24.5個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(2007年9月(yue)(yue)大壩(ba)實(shi)現截流(liu),2009年10月(yue)(yue)第一臺機組(zu)發電),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完建期限12.5個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)。
基礎設施
下(xia)坂地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程位于新疆塔(ta)里木河(he)源流葉爾(er)羌(qiang)河(he)主要支流之一的塔(ta)什(shen)(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)河(he)中下(xia)游。樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程地(di)(di)處喀什(shen)(shen)地(di)(di)區塔(ta)什(shen)(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)塔(ta)吉(ji)克自治縣(xian)班迪爾(er)鄉境內,距塔(ta)什(shen)(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)塔(ta)吉(ji)克自治縣(xian)45km,距喀什(shen)(shen)市(shi)315km。從喀什(shen)(shen)市(shi)到(dao)塔(ta)什(shen)(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)縣(xian)有314國道通過(guo),為(wei)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程主要對(dui)外交通道路,從工(gong)程壩址至314國道。該工(gong)程主要任務是以生態(tai)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)春旱(han)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)主,結合發電(dian)的綜(zong)合性Ⅱ等大(da)型工(gong)程。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫正常擋(dang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位2960m,總庫容(rong)8.67億(yi)m3,電(dian)站總裝(zhuang)機150MW。樞(shu)紐(niu)建筑物由攔河(he)壩、導流泄洪(hong)洞、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發電(dian)洞和電(dian)站廠房(fang)四部(bu)分組成。
新疆下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設平均(jun)海拔高度(du)3050米(mi),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總庫容8.67億立方米(mi),電(dian)站裝(zhuang)機(3×50MW)150Mw,平均(jun)發電(dian)量4.644億Kw.h;該(gai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)可防(fang)御(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)標準(zhun)為100年(nian)一(yi)遇,大壩(ba)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震設防(fang)標準(zhun)為8.5度(du)。下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)興建,可替代塔(ta)河下(xia)游16座(zuo)平原水(shui)(shui)庫蓄水(shui)(shui),并(bing)能滿足葉河向塔(ta)河多年(nian)輸水(shui)(shui)并(bing)使農田灌(guan)區提高,緩解(jie)喀什、克(ke)州的(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)缺(que)電(dian)問題,對(dui)促(cu)進地(di)(di)(di)(di)區經濟和(he)社會發展,穩(wen)固邊疆政治(zhi)和(he)社會穩(wen)定方面都具有十分重(zhong)要和(he)深遠(yuan)的(de)(de)意義。下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)2005年(nian)開(kai)始建設以(yi)來,擔(dan)任(ren)施工(gong)(gong)任(ren)務的(de)(de)葛洲壩(ba)集(ji)團、新工(gong)(gong)集(ji)團等(deng)10多家單位工(gong)(gong)作人員克(ke)服高寒缺(que)氧和(he)風(feng)沙肆(si)虐(nve)等(deng)困難(nan),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)突(tu)破地(di)(di)(di)(di)質結構復雜、高邊坡、深度(du)覆蓋(gai)層等(deng)技術難(nan)題,使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)得以(yi)順利(li)進行(xing)。一(yi)期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)難(nan)度(du)最(zui)大的(de)(de)高7米(mi)、寬8.5米(mi)、全(quan)長1425.85米(mi)的(de)(de)導流(liu)泄洪(hong)洞已竣工(gong)(gong);豎(shu)井正(zheng)在(zai)進行(xing)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)緊張封頂;在(zai)406米(mi)長的(de)(de)大壩(ba)壩(ba)基(ji)上,葛洲壩(ba)集(ji)團的(de)(de)45臺深度(du)鉆機正(zheng)在(zai)向地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)150米(mi)的(de)(de)基(ji)巖層進行(xing)帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang);全(quan)長35公里的(de)(de)左岸對(dui)外交(jiao)通道路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)已進入到最(zui)后(hou)(hou)瀝青處理階段(duan),計劃10月底完工(gong)(gong)。
防洪設施
大壩基(ji)礎防滲采(cai)用(yong)(yong)“覆(fu)蓋層上墻下幕(mu)和基(ji)巖(yan)帷(wei)幕(mu)灌(guan)(guan)漿”綜合處(chu)理方案(an)(an),合同(tong)和以(yi)往的(de)(de)項目比較有以(yi)下特點:①施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)(an)特殊:由(you)于(yu)冰磧(qi)(qi)砂(sha)礫(li)石覆(fu)蓋厚達150m,所以(yi)在覆(fu)蓋層中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)上部深85m,厚1m的(de)(de)混凝土防滲墻下接4排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)漿帷(wei)幕(mu)來全部截斷(duan)覆(fu)蓋層滲流(liu)防滲方案(an)(an);由(you)于(yu)基(ji)巖(yan)強(qiang)風(feng)化帶(dai)(dai)厚,節理裂隙(xi)發育(yu),左岸(an)防滲帷(wei)幕(mu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)3排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)漿孔,右岸(an)帷(wei)幕(mu)為單排(pai)孔。②地(di)質(zhi)條件復雜:冰磧(qi)(qi)砂(sha)礫(li)石覆(fu)蓋層中(zhong)含山體(ti)(ti)崩落(luo)體(ti)(ti),河(he)流(liu)沖積物(wu)交錯沉積,大小不(bu)一,最大的(de)(de)達到10m以(yi)上;兩(liang)岸(an)山體(ti)(ti)風(feng)化帶(dai)(dai)厚,風(feng)化裂隙(xi)嚴重;地(di)層的(de)(de)滲透(tou)系數大,平均(jun)滲透(tou)系數在10-1~10-2。③施(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件惡劣:由(you)于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)海拔(ba)高(gao)程(cheng)2900,兩(liang)岸(an)山體(ti)(ti)常年積雪,且無植被,十分缺(que)氧;夏季(ji)泥石流(liu)時(shi)有發生;整夜風(feng)沙不(bu)停;施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)夏天(tian)只有半天(tian)的(de)(de)日曬(shai)時(shi)間;每年10月底就進入寒冷的(de)(de)冬季(ji)。④施(shi)工(gong)(gong)資源(yuan)調集困難:由(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地(di)處(chu)偏遠地(di)區(qu),周邊城鎮幾乎無任何資源(yuan)可調,350km以(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)喀什資源(yuan)也極(ji)為有限。⑤施(shi)工(gong)(gong)場地(di)狹(xia)窄,施(shi)工(gong)(gong)干擾(rao)(rao)大:整個(ge)河(he)谷軸(zhou)線長370m,左右兩(liang)岸(an)有高(gao)邊坡開(kai)挖、導流(liu)洞和引(yin)水(shui)隧洞開(kai)挖,河(he)床防滲施(shi)工(gong)(gong)又分為左右兩(liang)個(ge)標段(duan),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)干擾(rao)(rao)大。
經濟效益
下坂(ban)地水(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是塔里木河(he)流域(yu)綜合治(zhi)理(li)(li)項目之一,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以春(chun)季早供水(shui)(shui)、生態補水(shui)(shui)、發電等為建設(she)目標。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建成后,總庫容量可(ke)達8.67億立方米(mi),將在很大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上改變葉爾羌河(he)流域(yu)“春(chun)旱、夏洪、秋缺、冬(dong)枯”的狀況。這工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)區域(yu)海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao),高(gao)(gao)地震烈度、高(gao)(gao)邊坡處理(li)(li)、深覆蓋層等復雜的地質(zhi)地貌結構(gou)中國罕(han)見(jian),施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件艱苦,技(ji)術要(yao)求高(gao)(gao)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)匯(hui)集了來自全國各地的優秀水(shui)(shui)利施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍。自工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)以來,建設(she)者們(men)發揚“艱苦不怕(pa)苦、缺氧不缺志氣”的精神,保證了各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的按(an)時完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
工程總量
下坂地水(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)國(guo)務院批復(fu)的(de)(de)《塔里(li)木河(he)流(liu)域(yu)近期綜合(he)治理(li)規劃(hua)報(bao)告》中(zhong)確(que)定的(de)(de)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)大型山區(qu)水(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)。它(ta)位于(yu)新疆喀(ka)什(shen)地區(qu)葉(xie)爾(er)羌河(he)主要(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)之一(yi)的(de)(de)塔什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干(gan)河(he)中(zhong)游,是(shi)以生態補水(shui)、春旱供水(shui)為主,結合(he)發電的(de)(de)綜合(he)性水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng),是(shi)造福喀(ka)、克兩(liang)地州400萬各族人民的(de)(de)富民工(gong)程(cheng)。項目經(jing)過喀(ka)什(shen)地委、行署五屆領導(dao)(dao)班(ban)子、兩(liang)代水(shui)利(li)(li)人,二十多年的(de)(de)不懈努力,于(yu)2005年12月(yue)經(jing)國(guo)家(jia)批準立(li)項建(jian)設。工(gong)程(cheng)總投資18.06 億元,總庫(ku)容 8.67 億立(li)方(fang)米,電機裝(zhuang)機15 萬千瓦。工(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)物有攔河(he)閘、導(dao)(dao)流(liu)泄洪(hong)洞、引水(shui)發電洞、電站廠房組(zu)成。
下設分站
辛迪中心站址位于(yu)下坂地(di)管理站二級臺地(di),出露地(di)層均為第(di)四系沖(chong)洪積物,上部(bu)(bu)巖(yan)性(xing)為砂壤土層,灰黃(huang)色,較(jiao)疏松,含植物根系,具水(shui)平層理,厚度1.5~2.5M;下部(bu)(bu)巖(yan)性(xing)為卵石層,中密,次圓(yuan)~渾圓(yuan)狀,粒徑(jing)一般5~12CM,礫石、砂土充(chong)填,土含量相對較(jiao)高,成份由(you)角閃片麻巖(yan)及角閃斜長(chang)片巖(yan)組成,厚度大于(yu)15M。地(di)下水(shui)位埋(mai)深不詳。
布(bu)達爾(er)水文站址位(wei)于(yu)(yu)塔(ta)什(shen)庫爾(er)干河(he)(he)右岸(an)河(he)(he)漫(man)灘,出(chu)露地層(ceng)均為第四(si)系(xi)統沖洪積物,上部(bu)巖(yan)(yan)性為砂(sha)壤土(tu)層(ceng),灰(hui)黃色,疏松,含植物根(gen)系(xi),厚(hou)(hou)度0.3~0.5M;下(xia)部(bu)巖(yan)(yan)性為卵(luan)石層(ceng),灰(hui)白色,中密,渾圓(yuan)狀,分選性較好,粒徑一(yi)般(ban)6~10CM,最大15~20CM,含量約占65%,礫石、砂(sha)土(tu)充填(tian),成(cheng)份以砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)、大理巖(yan)(yan)、灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)為主,厚(hou)(hou)度大于(yu)(yu)10M。地下(xia)水位(wei)埋深5~6M。
伊爾列(lie)黑水文站(zhan)位(wei)于塔什庫爾干河左岸河漫(man)灘,出露地(di)層均為(wei)第四系沖洪(hong)積物,巖(yan)性:上部為(wei)卵石(shi)層,灰白(bai)色(se),中(zhong)密(mi),次圓(yuan)~渾(hun)圓(yuan)狀,粒(li)徑(jing)一般6~15CM,含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)約占(zhan)58%,含(han)(han)(han)(han)漂石(shi),最大粒(li)徑(jing)20~40CM,角(jiao)(jiao)礫、砂土充填(tian),成(cheng)份以(yi)(yi)角(jiao)(jiao)閃(shan)片(pian)麻巖(yan)、片(pian)巖(yan)為(wei)主(zhu),厚4~5M;中(zhong)部為(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)礫層,灰白(bai)色(se),中(zhong)密(mi),棱(leng)角(jiao)(jiao)狀、片(pian)狀,粒(li)徑(jing)一般1~2CM,含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)約占(zhan)70%,局部含(han)(han)(han)(han)碎石(shi),砂土充填(tian),成(cheng)份以(yi)(yi)片(pian)巖(yan)為(wei)主(zhu),厚度0.3~0.8M;下(xia)部為(wei)卵石(shi)層,灰白(bai)色(se),中(zhong)密(mi),次渾(hun)圓(yuan)狀,粒(li)徑(jing)一般6~10CM,含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)約占(zhan)73%,含(han)(han)(han)(han)漂石(shi),最大粒(li)徑(jing)20~40CM,成(cheng)份以(yi)(yi)角(jiao)(jiao)閃(shan)片(pian)麻巖(yan)、片(pian)巖(yan)為(wei)主(zhu),厚度大于10M。地(di)下(xia)水位(wei)埋深4.5~5M。
投入運營
新疆下(xia)班地水(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是塔里木河(he)流(liu)域近期(qi)(qi)綜合治(zhi)理(li)項目中唯一的(de)山區水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),也是自治(zhi)區重點(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),下(xia)坂地水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于2005年12月(yue)獲國家批(pi)準建設,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概算總投(tou)資(zi)(zi)18.06億元,總庫容(rong)量(liang)8.67億立方米,電站裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)15萬千瓦時,2005年5月(yue)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)四(si)通(tong)一平工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,2005年7月(yue)16日工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)奠基,2007年9月(yue)26日完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)截流(liu)。新疆下(xia)班地水(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2500多(duo)名建設者(zhe),克服海拔高,缺氧,地質(zhi)條件復雜的(de)不利因素和諸多(duo)困難,晝夜施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),確保(bao)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如期(qi)(qi)推進。截止(zhi)目前,完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)金16.33億元,完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設任務的(de)90%。
新疆下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水(shui)利(li)樞紐工程(cheng)建(jian)管局副局長說:我們(men)(men)這個地(di)方(fang)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan),因(yin)為它(ta)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)原地(di)區,所(suo)以這個地(di)方(fang)缺氧,第二個,我們(men)(men)這個地(di)方(fang)具(ju)有三高(gao)一(yi)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian),三高(gao)主要是(shi)(shi)高(gao)海拔(ba)、高(gao)邊坡(po)、高(gao)地(di)震裂度(du),一(yi)深(shen)是(shi)(shi)我們(men)(men)大(da)(da)(da)壩這一(yi)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎覆(fu)蓋層深(shen)度(du)150米,處理起來也非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)困難(nan),在(zai)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)上講,高(gao)邊坡(po)處理起來也非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)困難(nan),再加(jia)(jia)上工期非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)緊張(zhang),有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工期比(bi)較短,高(gao)原地(di)區嘛,所(suo)以大(da)(da)(da)家在(zai)這個過程(cheng)中,加(jia)(jia)班加(jia)(jia)點(dian),在(zai)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)建(jian)設者們(men)(men)付出(chu)了非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力,也付出(chu)了非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)艱(jian)辛,這個終于迎來了咱(zan)們(men)(men)首臺機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)。
下班(ban)地(di)水利樞紐工程首臺機(ji)組的(de)發(fa)電(dian)運營,對塔什庫爾干縣經濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)也將(jiang)起到積極的(de)促進作用。
塔什(shen)(shen)庫爾干塔吉克自治縣縣委書(shu)記臧愛武同(tong)期聲:下班地水(shui)利樞紐工(gong)程(cheng),首臺機組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)將(jiang)(jiang)會緩解(jie)我們工(gong)業用電(dian)(dian)緊張的問題(ti),等今年110變電(dian)(dian)所的建設開工(gong)到明年年初建成,將(jiang)(jiang)從根本上解(jie)決我們縣工(gong)業發(fa)展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)不足的問題(ti),將(jiang)(jiang)為塔什(shen)(shen)庫爾干縣實現跨(kua)越式發(fa)展(zhan)和長治久安(an)奠定(ding)一(yi)定(ding)得基(ji)礎。