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概況

“龍(long)(long)羊(yang)”系藏語，“龍(long)(long)”為(wei)溝谷(gu)，“羊(yang)”為(wei)峻崖，即峻崖深谷(gu)之意。峽谷(gu)西(xi)部入(ru)口(kou)處海(hai)拔2460米，東端出口(kou)處海(hai)拔2222米，河道天然落差(cha)近240米，龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站建(jian)在峽谷(gu)入(ru)口(kou)處龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站，由攔河大壩(ba)、防水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑和電(dian)站廠房(fang)三部分組成(cheng)，壩(ba)高(gao)178米，壩(ba)長1226米(其中主壩(ba)長396米)，寬(kuan)23米，形成(cheng)了一座(zuo)面(mian)積383平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米、庫(ku)容247億立方(fang)米的人(ren)工(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。電(dian)站總(zong)裝(zhuang)機容量128萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)4臺32萬千(qian)(qian)瓦水(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)機組)，并入(ru)國(guo)家電(dian)網，強(qiang)大的電(dian)流源(yuan)源(yuan)不斷輸往西(xi)寧、蘭州(zhou)、西(xi)安(an)(an)等工(gong)(gong)業(ye)城(cheng)市，并將(jiang)輸入(ru)青海(hai)西(xi)部的柴達木盆地和甘肅西(xi)部的河西(xi)走廊，支援中國(guo)西(xi)部的現(xian)代化建(jian)設。除發(fa)電(dian)外，龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站還具有防洪、防凌、灌溉、養殖等綜合效(xiao)益(yi)。

規模

龍(long)羊峽水(shui)(shui)電站最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高178米(mi)(mi)。壩(ba)(ba)底(di)寬(kuan)80米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)，主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)長396米(mi)(mi)，左右兩岸均高附壩(ba)(ba)，大(da)壩(ba)(ba)全(quan)長1140米(mi)(mi)。它不僅(jin)可以將(jiang)黃河上游(you)13萬平(ping)方公里的年流(liu)量(liang)全(quan)部攔住，而將(jiang)在(zai)這里形(xing)成一(yi)座面積(ji)為380平(ping)方公里、總庫密(mi)量(liang)為240億立方米(mi)(mi)的人工(gong)水(shui)(shui)庫。

經濟價值

電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)成后，可裝(zhuang)32萬千(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機4臺(tai)，總裝(zhuang)機容量達(da)128萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量為(wei)(wei)23.6億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)除(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還具有防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌、灌(guan)溉、養殖四(si)大效(xiao)益。龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自投入(ru)運行到2001年(nian)5月25日(ri)，已安全(quan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)546.24億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，創(chuang)產值40.8億元；為(wei)(wei)西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)調(diao)峰、調(diao)頻和下(xia)游防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌、灌(guan)溉及緩解下(xia)游斷流(liu)發(fa)揮了重要作用，是黃(huang)河干流(liu)其它水電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)都無法替(ti)代(dai)的(de)。為(wei)(wei)促進青(qing)海經濟發(fa)展奠定了基礎，同時(shi)也為(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)地區(qu)的(de)旅游、養殖和改(gai)變區(qu)域環境創(chuang)造了條(tiao)件。

建設歷史

龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)設從1976年(nian)(nian)開始，1979年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)截流；1982年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)開始澆筑主(zhu)壩(ba)混(hun)凝土(tu)；1986年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)導(dao)流洞下閘蓄(xu)水(shui)；4臺發(fa)電(dian)機組分(fen)別于1987年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)4日(ri)、1987年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)8日(ri)、1988年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)5日(ri)、1989年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)14日(ri)相繼投(tou)產(chan)；泄水(shui)建(jian)筑物底、深、中(zhong)孔在(zai)(zai)1987年(nian)(nian)至1989年(nian)(nian)期間相繼投(tou)入使用；1990年(nian)(nian)主(zhu)壩(ba)封(feng)拱高程(cheng)(cheng)至2610米；1993年(nian)(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)銷號，未完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)轉(zhuan)入尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2000年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)《黃(huang)河龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)安(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)報(bao)告(gao)》在(zai)(zai)西寧定(ding)(ding)稿，至此，龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大壩(ba)安(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)全(quan)部結(jie)(jie)束。《黃(huang)河龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)安(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)報(bao)告(gao)》的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終結(jie)(jie)論(lun)為：龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自1986年(nian)(nian)下閘蓄(xu)水(shui)運行(xing)(xing)至今已十三年(nian)(nian)多，經(jing)歷了三次(ci)較(jiao)(jiao)高水(shui)位(wei)、三次(ci)3級(ji)左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)庫誘(you)發(fa)地(di)震(zhen)活動期和(he)(he)兩次(ci)里氏4.0級(ji)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造地(di)震(zhen)影響，總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)說近壩(ba)庫岸(an)(an)、大壩(ba)和(he)(he)兩岸(an)(an)壩(ba)肩巖(yan)體(ti)、引水(shui)系統和(he)(he)發(fa)電(dian)廠房(fang)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀況正常。龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)體(ti)是(shi)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)，各(ge)建(jian)筑物工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀態未見(jian)明顯異常，已具備(bei)進行(xing)(xing)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)條件，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)問題需在(zai)(zai)運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)不斷解決，以(yi)利于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)運行(xing)(xing)。驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)委員會對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)作(zuo)出總(zong)評價(jia)，認為龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)體(ti)來(lai)看大壩(ba)徑向(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)切向(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)位(wei)絕對值較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，基礎和(he)(he)深部斷層變(bian)(bian)位(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，壩(ba)體(ti)防滲(shen)效果(guo)好，大壩(ba)和(he)(he)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀態正常；主(zhu)壩(ba)及基礎處(chu)理整體(ti)質量(liang)合(he)格，斷層帶(dai)高壓固結(jie)(jie)灌漿后變(bian)(bian)形(xing)模量(liang)滿足要求；設計技術(shu)方案合(he)理、可靠(kao)，滿足規(gui)范要求。

工程施工

龍羊峽水電站由于壩(ba)(ba)址(zhi)有10條大斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)，因此進行了大規模的處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)。壩(ba)(ba)基處(chu)理(li)(li)的主要措(cuo)施有：調整(zheng)拱壩(ba)(ba)體形，使壩(ba)(ba)肩向兩岸適當深嵌，避(bi)開壩(ba)(ba)肩被斷(duan)裂割切的不利影響，使拱端推力(li)方(fang)向與可能滑移面(mian)近于正交(jiao)；對(dui)近壩(ba)(ba)斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)采(cai)用(yong)網格式混凝(ning)土(tu)置換洞(dong)塞(sai)；對(dui)較寬的斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)及其(qi)交(jiao)匯帶采(cai)用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)傳力(li)洞(dong)塞(sai)和(he)傳力(li)槽(cao)塞(sai)，傳力(li)洞(dong)斷(duan)面(mian)達60m；在F73斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)，設置網格式混凝(ning)土(tu)抗剪洞(dong)塞(sai)；對(dui)斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)周圍(wei)巖石和(he)近壩(ba)(ba)未經置換處(chu)理(li)(li)的斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)進行高壓固結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)；對(dui)兩岸局(ju)部不穩定巖體，采(cai)用(yong)抗剪洞(dong)塞(sai)，預(yu)應力(li)錨(mao)索、錨(mao)樁(zhuang)、錨(mao)桿、表面(mian)襯護、排(pai)水等(deng)方(fang)法加固；壩(ba)(ba)基防滲帷(wei)(wei)幕(mu)和(he)排(pai)水幕(mu)延伸(shen)至兩岸深部并在壩(ba)(ba)前用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)封堵、高壓固結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、化學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)方(fang)法攔截(jie)滲流。帷(wei)(wei)幕(mu)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)為2排(pai)，谷底孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深80m，左岸孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深160m。基礎處(chu)理(li)(li)總工(gong)程量(liang)為：地(di)下(xia)巖石洞(dong)挖(wa)18萬(wan)(wan)m，回填混凝(ning)土(tu)12萬(wan)(wan)m，帷(wei)(wei)幕(mu)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)16.4萬(wan)(wan)m，固結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)26.1萬(wan)(wan)m，化學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)1.45萬(wan)(wan)m，排(pai)水孔(kong)(kong)(kong)5.3萬(wan)(wan)m，巖錨(mao)7萬(wan)(wan)t，噴(pen)錨(mao)護面(mian)2萬(wan)(wan)m。

采用(yong)隧(sui)洞導(dao)(dao)流(liu)，基坑全年施工(gong)的(de)方式。導(dao)(dao)流(liu)隧(sui)洞為(wei)馬蹄形，底寬15m，邊墻(qiang)高12～14m，按20年一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水設(she)計。上游堆石圍堰(yan)高53m，長(chang)85m，用(yong)厚0.96～1.94m的(de)鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土心墻(qiang)防滲。圍堰(yan)右端設(she)有施工(gong)期用(yong)的(de)非(fei)常溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)，底寬10.5m，最大(da)泄(xie)流(liu)能(neng)力700m/s。1981年9月發生200年一(yi)遇(yu)大(da)洪(hong)水，流(liu)量(liang)5570m/s，從非(fei)常溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)分流(liu)540m/s。1979年12月截流(liu)，流(liu)量(liang)690m/s，用(yong)鉛絲籠塊(kuai)石、13t混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土四(si)面體立堵，最大(da)落差(cha)1.4m。

旅游

從西寧出發(fa)，過(guo)日月山，南行到146公(gong)里，便(bian)是世界聞(wen)名、中(zhong)國第(di)二(er)大水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)－－龍(long)羊峽水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。這(zhe)座水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)上距(ju)黃(huang)河(he)發(fa)源地(di)1684公(gong)里，下至黃(huang)河(he)入海口3376公(gong)里，是黃(huang)河(he)上游第(di)一(yi)座大型梯級電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，人稱黃(huang)河(he)“龍(long)頭”電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。

交通工具：汽(qi)車(che)。