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概況

“龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)”系藏語，“龍”為(wei)溝谷(gu)，“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)”為(wei)峻(jun)崖(ya)(ya)，即峻(jun)崖(ya)(ya)深(shen)谷(gu)之意(yi)。峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)西(xi)(xi)部入口處海拔2460米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)端出(chu)口處海拔2222米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，河(he)道天(tian)然(ran)落差近240米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水電(dian)站建(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)入口處龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水電(dian)站，由(you)攔河(he)大壩(ba)、防水建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑和(he)電(dian)站廠房三部分組成(cheng)，壩(ba)高(gao)178米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)長(chang)1226米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(其中主壩(ba)長(chang)396米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))，寬23米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，形(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)座面積(ji)383平方千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、庫容247億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)人工水庫。電(dian)站總(zong)裝機容量128萬千瓦(安裝4臺32萬千瓦水輪發(fa)電(dian)機組)，并入國家(jia)電(dian)網，強(qiang)大的(de)(de)電(dian)流源源不斷輸往西(xi)(xi)寧、蘭(lan)州(zhou)、西(xi)(xi)安等(deng)工業城市，并將輸入青(qing)海西(xi)(xi)部的(de)(de)柴達木(mu)盆地和(he)甘肅西(xi)(xi)部的(de)(de)河(he)西(xi)(xi)走廊，支(zhi)援中國西(xi)(xi)部的(de)(de)現代化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。除發(fa)電(dian)外，龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)水電(dian)站還具(ju)有防洪、防凌(ling)、灌溉、養殖(zhi)等(deng)綜合效益。

規模

龍羊峽水電站(zhan)最大壩(ba)高178米。壩(ba)底寬80米，壩(ba)頂寬15米，主壩(ba)長396米，左右兩岸均高附壩(ba)，大壩(ba)全長1140米。它不僅可以(yi)將黃河上游13萬平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里的年流量全部攔住，而(er)將在這里形成一座面(mian)積為(wei)380平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里、總庫密量為(wei)240億立方(fang)(fang)米的人工水庫。

經濟價值

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)成后，可裝32萬(wan)千瓦的發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)4臺，總(zong)裝機(ji)容量達128萬(wan)千瓦，年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量為(wei)23.6億(yi)(yi)千瓦時(shi)。龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)除發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還(huan)具有防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌(ling)(ling)、灌(guan)溉、養殖(zhi)四大效益。龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)自投入(ru)運行到2001年5月25日(ri)，已安(an)全發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)546.24億(yi)(yi)千瓦時(shi)，創產(chan)值(zhi)40.8億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)；為(wei)西北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的調峰、調頻(pin)和下游防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌(ling)(ling)、灌(guan)溉及(ji)緩解下游斷流發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)重要(yao)作用，是黃(huang)河干流其它水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)都無法替代的。為(wei)促進青海經濟發(fa)(fa)展奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)(le)基礎，同(tong)時(shi)也為(wei)龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽地區的旅游、養殖(zhi)和改變區域(yu)環境(jing)創造了(le)(le)條件(jian)。

建設歷史

龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)從(cong)1976年(nian)開始(shi)，1979年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)實現工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)截流；1982年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)開始(shi)澆筑(zhu)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)混凝土；1986年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日導流洞下閘(zha)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；4臺發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組分別于1987年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)4日、1987年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)8日、1988年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)5日、1989年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)14日相(xiang)繼投(tou)產；泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)底、深(shen)、中孔在(zai)1987年(nian)至(zhi)1989年(nian)期間相(xiang)繼投(tou)入使用；1990年(nian)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)封拱高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)2610米；1993年(nian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)銷號，未完工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目轉入尾工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)。2000年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)《黃(huang)河龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定報(bao)告》在(zai)西寧定稿，至(zhi)此，龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定工(gong)作全(quan)部(bu)結(jie)(jie)束。《黃(huang)河龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定報(bao)告》的(de)(de)(de)(de)最終結(jie)(jie)論為：龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)自1986年(nian)下閘(zha)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)運(yun)行(xing)至(zhi)今(jin)已十(shi)三年(nian)多，經歷(li)了三次(ci)較高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位、三次(ci)3級左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫誘發(fa)地震(zhen)活動期和兩次(ci)里氏4.0級以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造地震(zhen)影(ying)響，總的(de)(de)(de)(de)來說近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)庫岸(an)、大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和兩岸(an)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩(jian)巖(yan)體、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠房(fang)等工(gong)作狀況正常。龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總體是安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，各建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)工(gong)作狀態未見(jian)明(ming)顯異常，已具備進行(xing)竣(jun)工(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，存在(zai)問題需(xu)在(zai)運(yun)行(xing)中不(bu)斷(duan)解決，以利于工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)。驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)委員會對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量作出總評價，認(ren)為龍(long)(long)(long)羊(yang)(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總體來看大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)徑向(xiang)和切向(xiang)變位絕(jue)對值較小(xiao)，基(ji)礎(chu)和深(shen)部(bu)斷(duan)層(ceng)變位較小(xiao)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體防滲效果好(hao)，大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和基(ji)礎(chu)工(gong)作狀態正常；主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)及基(ji)礎(chu)處理(li)整(zheng)體質(zhi)量合格，斷(duan)層(ceng)帶高(gao)壓(ya)固結(jie)(jie)灌漿后(hou)變形模量滿(man)足(zu)要求；設(she)計技術方(fang)案合理(li)、可(ke)靠，滿(man)足(zu)規范要求。

工程施工

龍(long)羊峽水電站由于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址(zhi)有10條大斷(duan)(duan)層，因此進行(xing)了(le)大規模(mo)的(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)工作(zuo)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)主(zhu)要措施有：調整拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體形(xing)，使壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩向兩(liang)岸適當(dang)深(shen)嵌，避(bi)開壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩被斷(duan)(duan)裂割切的(de)不利影響，使拱端推力(li)方向與可能滑移面近(jin)于正交；對(dui)(dui)近(jin)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)斷(duan)(duan)層采用網(wang)格式混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)置換洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)；對(dui)(dui)較寬的(de)斷(duan)(duan)層及(ji)其交匯帶采用混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)傳力(li)洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)和傳力(li)槽塞(sai)(sai)，傳力(li)洞(dong)斷(duan)(duan)面達60m；在(zai)F73斷(duan)(duan)層上，設置網(wang)格式混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)抗(kang)剪洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)；對(dui)(dui)斷(duan)(duan)層周圍巖石和近(jin)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)未經置換處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)斷(duan)(duan)層進行(xing)高壓(ya)固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)；對(dui)(dui)兩(liang)岸局部不穩定巖體，采用抗(kang)剪洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)，預應力(li)錨(mao)索(suo)、錨(mao)樁、錨(mao)桿、表面襯護(hu)、排(pai)水等方法加(jia)固(gu)；壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基防滲(shen)(shen)帷幕(mu)和排(pai)水幕(mu)延伸(shen)至兩(liang)岸深(shen)部并(bing)在(zai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)前用混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)封堵、高壓(ya)固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、化學(xue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等方法攔(lan)截(jie)滲(shen)(shen)流。帷幕(mu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)為2排(pai)，谷(gu)底孔(kong)深(shen)80m，左岸孔(kong)深(shen)160m。基礎處(chu)(chu)理(li)總工程量為：地下巖石洞(dong)挖18萬(wan)m，回(hui)填混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)12萬(wan)m，帷幕(mu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)16.4萬(wan)m，固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)26.1萬(wan)m，化學(xue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1.45萬(wan)m，排(pai)水孔(kong)5.3萬(wan)m，巖錨(mao)7萬(wan)t，噴錨(mao)護(hu)面2萬(wan)m。

采用(yong)隧洞導流(liu)，基坑全年(nian)施工的方式。導流(liu)隧洞為馬蹄形，底(di)寬15m，邊墻(qiang)高(gao)12～14m，按20年(nian)一遇洪水設計(ji)。上(shang)游(you)堆石(shi)圍堰高(gao)53m，長(chang)85m，用(yong)厚(hou)0.96～1.94m的鋼筋混凝土心墻(qiang)防滲(shen)。圍堰右端設有(you)施工期用(yong)的非(fei)常(chang)溢(yi)洪道，底(di)寬10.5m，最大泄(xie)流(liu)能力700m/s。1981年(nian)9月發生(sheng)200年(nian)一遇大洪水，流(liu)量(liang)5570m/s，從非(fei)常(chang)溢(yi)洪道分流(liu)540m/s。1979年(nian)12月截流(liu)，流(liu)量(liang)690m/s，用(yong)鉛絲籠塊石(shi)、13t混凝土四面體立堵，最大落差1.4m。

旅游

從(cong)西寧出發(fa)，過日月山(shan)，南行到146公里，便(bian)是世界聞名、中國第二大水電站(zhan)－－龍(long)(long)羊峽水電站(zhan)。這座水電站(zhan)上距黃(huang)河(he)發(fa)源地1684公里，下至黃(huang)河(he)入海口(kou)3376公里，是黃(huang)河(he)上游第一(yi)座大型梯級電站(zhan)，人稱黃(huang)河(he)“龍(long)(long)頭”電站(zhan)。

交通工(gong)具：汽車。