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概述

大花水水電站大壩(ba)(ba)(拋物線(xian)雙曲拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba)+左岸(an)(an)重力(li)壩(ba)(ba))位于高山(shan)峽谷區,壩(ba)(ba)址兩岸(an)(an)山(shan)壁陡峭(qiao),混(hun)凝土入(ru)倉布置困難(nan)。根據該工(gong)程特有的(de)(de)地形條件,在(zai)重力(li)壩(ba)(ba)左岸(an)(an)邊(bian)坡(po)分(fen)二期(qi)布置了(le)(le)3條負(fu)壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan),即(ji)一期(qi)底(di)線(xian)采用(yong)了(le)(le)800mm寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)帶機和2條負(fu)壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan);二期(qi)高線(xian)采用(yong)了(le)(le)1000 mm寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)帶機和1條負(fu)壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan);拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba)混(hun)凝土的(de)(de)入(ru)倉則主要采用(yong)了(le)(le)緩降溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(由于拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba)兩岸(an)(an)邊(bian)坡(po)較陡,平均角度70°,普通(tong)負(fu)壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)不適用(yong)于此種高陡邊(bian)坡(po)輸(shu)送碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝土)。采用(yong)緩降溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)輸(shu)送碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝土不僅可保證質量,而且在(zai)輸(shu)送強度、安裝(zhuang)工(gong)期(qi)、安裝(zhuang)及運行成(cheng)本等多(duo)方面均優于負(fu)壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan),為拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba)快速施工(gong)打下了(le)(le)基礎(chu)。

工程介紹

大花水(shui)水(shui)電站位于貴州(zhou)省開陽縣(xian)與福泉市交界處、清水(shui)河(he)中(zhong)游峽谷河(he)段(duan)內，為(wei)清水(shui)河(he)干流水(shui)電梯級開發(fa)的第三級。電站總裝機(ji)容量(liang)200MW，總投資(zi)14億元。攔河(he)大壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)拋物線雙(shuang)曲拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)+重(zhong)力墩(dun)(dun)，左(zuo)岸(an)為(wei)重(zhong)力墩(dun)(dun)，右岸(an)為(wei)雙(shuang)曲拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)，大壩(ba)(ba)軸線總長(chang)287.56米，最大壩(ba)(ba)高134.50米，厚高比0.171，是(shi)國內在建(jian)的最高碾壓混凝土雙(shuang)曲薄拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)。壩(ba)(ba)身(shen)設(she)有(you)兩個(ge)泄洪(hong)中(zhong)孔和(he)三個(ge)溢(yi)流表孔，在拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)下游還布置了一個(ge)集水(shui)井和(he)一個(ge)吊(diao)物井，壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)設(she)置兩條誘導(dao)縫，兩岸(an)設(she)置周邊短縫，拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)身(shen)較高且體(ti)型結構復雜。

樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主要由(you)碾(nian)壓凝土拱壩(ba)(ba)、左(zuo)岸(an)重力墩、壩(ba)(ba)頂開敞式(shi)溢(yi)流表(biao)空(kong)、泄洪兼(jian)沖沙中(zhong)孔(kong)、左(zuo)岸(an)引水(shui)(shui)系統及地面廠房、開關(guan)站等組(zu)成(cheng)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總工(gong)(gong)期3年(nian)零(ling)8個(ge)月，其中(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)期10個(ge)月，主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)期2年(nian)零(ling)5個(ge)月。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)關(guan)鍵(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)線路為引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞和大壩(ba)(ba)的填筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

大花水(shui)為梯級(ji)(ji)開(kai)發規劃的(de)第(di)三個梯級(ji)(ji)。清水(shui)河梯級(ji)(ji)水(shui)電(dian)開(kai)發是烏江公司(si)首次采用多元投資貴州中小型水(shui)電(dian)的(de)嘗試,投資方(fang)分(fen)別為烏江公司(si)、貴州騰(teng)元電(dian)力發展有(you)限(xian)責(ze)任公司(si)、貴陽勘測設計研究院、貴州黔能天和礦業有(you)限(xian)公司(si)、開(kai)陽縣。

工程設計

樞(shu)紐工(gong)程(cheng)主要由碾(nian)壓凝土(tu)(tu)拱(gong)壩、左岸(an)重力墩、壩頂開(kai)(kai)敞式溢流表空、泄(xie)洪兼沖沙中孔、左岸(an)引(yin)水系(xi)統及(ji)地(di)面廠房(fang)、開(kai)(kai)關站等組成。包含清水河(he)大橋、3#公路、引(yin)水隧洞2#、3#支洞、引(yin)水隧洞。公司管段全長4.35km，施工(gong)里(li)程(cheng)K0+000～K4+349.7。土(tu)(tu)石方62.3萬立方米，涵洞280米/35座(zuo)(zuo)，大橋144.54米/1座(zuo)(zuo)，隧道1949.579米/3座(zuo)(zuo)。

攔河大壩(ba)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拋物線(xian)雙曲(qu)拱(gong)壩(ba)+左岸重力墩，雙曲(qu)拱(gong)壩(ba)最大壩(ba)高(gao)(gao)134.50m。進水(shui)(shui)口(kou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壩(ba)式進水(shui)(shui)口(kou)，引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞位于(yu)左岸，長約5360m，開挖(wa)斷面(mian)(mian)直徑(jing)8.20m，全斷面(mian)(mian)鋼筋混凝(ning)(ning)土襯砌(qi)，襯砌(qi)0.60m；調壓(ya)井阻抗孔內(nei)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.45m，調壓(ya)井內(nei)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)16.0m，襯厚1.0m。壓(ya)力鋼管(guan)主管(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)6.0m，支管(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4.0m，主管(guan)段(duan)(duan)和(he)岔管(guan)段(duan)(duan)外側回(hui)(hui)填C20混凝(ning)(ning)土厚1.0m，支管(guan)段(duan)(duan)外側回(hui)(hui)填C20混凝(ning)(ning)土厚0.8m。電站(zhan)主廠房(fang)尺寸(cun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)55.00×23.00×58.30m（長×寬×高(gao)(gao)），機(ji)組安(an)(an)裝高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)712.50m，發電機(ji)層高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)724.00m，安(an)(an)裝間和(he)尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)平臺高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)736.50m，安(an)(an)裝間布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)主廠房(fang)右(you)端，凈長20.50m；副廠房(fang)布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)主廠房(fang)上(shang)游(you)面(mian)(mian)，尺寸(cun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)55.00×12.50×41.20；主變場及GIS室位于(yu)主廠房(fang)上(shang)游(you)。１號支洞的(de)縱坡為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.283％隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)，全長190.32米。隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)6.6米、寬7.2米，洞口(kou)明挖(wa)土石方(fang)39000立方(fang)米。

工程施工

引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)襯砌(qi)提前完工(gong)(gong)    由(you)中鐵(tie)五局(ju)五公司施工(gong)(gong)的大(da)花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)襯砌(qi)混凝(ning)土提前完工(gong)(gong)。大(da)花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)不(bu)僅是(shi)貴州省西部開(kai)發(fa)戰略工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，也(ye)是(shi)烏江水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)梯級開(kai)發(fa)龍(long)頭工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和國家西電(dian)(dian)東送工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。大(da)花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)全(quan)長5338.805米，位(wei)于貴州省開(kai)陽縣(xian)境內，隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)坡(po)度(du)為5‰，開(kai)挖斷(duan)面(mian)為圓形(xing)，設(she)計開(kai)挖直徑(jing)最(zui)大(da)9.7米，襯砌(qi)后隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)圓形(xing)斷(duan)面(mian)凈空直徑(jing)7.3米，采(cai)用(yong)鋼筋混凝(ning)土全(quan)斷(duan)面(mian)襯砌(qi)，襯砌(qi)厚度(du)最(zui)大(da)1.2米，全(quan)斷(duan)面(mian)針梁式襯砌(qi)臺車施工(gong)(gong)，引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)共布置(zhi)4條施工(gong)(gong)支洞(dong)(dong)、共3家單位(wei)施工(gong)(gong)。

自2005年2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)標(biao)以來，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設中(zhong)，五公司項(xiang)目部強化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)、狠抓施(shi)組(zu)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)、周密(mi)安排部署，于2006年12月(yue)(yue)17日(ri)實現了(le)隧洞(dong)提前貫(guan)通到(dao)分界點。應業(ye)(ye)(ye)主要求，對隧洞(dong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開挖和襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)再次(ci)追(zhui)加，在(zai)面(mian)臨工(gong)(gong)(gong)期緊、任務(wu)(wu)(wu)重、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)大的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，項(xiang)目部合理(li)調(diao)整施(shi)組(zu)，加強對隧洞(dong)開挖和襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序銜(xian)接，強化(hua)現場管(guan)理(li)，響應業(ye)(ye)(ye)主提出的(de)(de)(de)“按期下(xia)閘蓄水發電”的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期目標(biao)，積極開展勞動競賽活動，掀(xian)起大干生產高潮。創下(xia)了(le)連(lian)續(xu)3個月(yue)(yue)完成(cheng)(cheng)月(yue)(yue)襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)180米的(de)(de)(de)好成(cheng)(cheng)績，確保了(le)1月(yue)(yue)13日(ri)提前完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)全(quan)部混(hun)凝土襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)該(gai)引(yin)水隧洞(dong)第一家完成(cheng)(cheng)混(hun)凝土襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位，得到(dao)了(le)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主的(de)(de)(de)高度(du)評(ping)價。

１號(hao)支洞(dong)貫通    2009年12月(yue)(yue)6日17時，由電氣化公司施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)貴州(zhou)大花(hua)水(shui)水(shui)電站(zhan)１號(hao)支洞(dong)順利貫通。1號(hao)支洞(dong)是為(wei)(wei)開(kai)鑿引水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)而設計的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)洞(dong)，位于開(kai)陽(yang)縣清水(shui)河北岸(an)，是一條縱坡為(wei)(wei)1.283％隧(sui)(sui)道，全(quan)長190.32米。隧(sui)(sui)道高6.6米、寬7.2米，洞(dong)口明挖土石方(fang)39000立方(fang)米，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于7月(yue)(yue)28日正式開(kai)工(gong)(gong)，掘(jue)進方(fang)式為(wei)(wei)新奧(ao)法施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)是電氣化公司介(jie)入土建領域施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)首座隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)。

投產發電

2007年(nian)11月30日上午，以中國水電(dian)建(jian)設集團水電(dian)八(ba)局為主(zhu)承建(jian)的貴州清水河大(da)花水水電(dian)站正式投產發電(dian)。

中(zhong)國水(shui)電八局先(xian)(xian)后中(zhong)標承建大(da)花水(shui)電站(zhan)大(da)壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)程、人工(gong)(gong)砂石料(liao)生產系統(tong)。自2004年6月進場以來，全體(ti)員工(gong)(gong)先(xian)(xian)后克服地質條件復雜(za)、工(gong)(gong)期(qi)緊、施工(gong)(gong)難(nan)度大(da)、超標洪(hong)水(shui)沖毀圍堰(yan)、山(shan)體(ti)大(da)滑坡等一系列困難(nan)，發(fa)揚團結、拼搏(bo)、開拓、奉獻的(de)精神，積極應用新工(gong)(gong)藝、新材料(liao)，按業主要求完成各項(xiang)節點工(gong)(gong)期(qi)，順利完成大(da)花水(shui)電站(zhan)各項(xiang)施工(gong)(gong)任務。

大(da)花(hua)水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量優良(liang)，數(shu)控質(zhi)量優良(liang)率達到86%，外觀質(zhi)量良(liang)好，并創(chuang)造了(le)(le)碾壓(ya)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土連(lian)續(xu)上(shang)升33.5米(mi)的(de)中國企業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)新紀(ji)錄，其(qi)快速施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術研究在2007年(nian)第(di)五屆碾壓(ya)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土國際(ji)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)會議(yi)上(shang)作了(le)(le)專題報告，國際(ji)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)會議(yi)專家對大(da)花(hua)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量給予高度評價，我局(ju)在碾壓(ya)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土施(shi)工(gong)(gong)史(shi)上(shang)又塑造了(le)(le)一座豐碑。

復建工程

大(da)花(hua)水水電站庫區淹沒公(gong)路(lu)(lu)及獨(du)木河(he)大(da)橋(qiao)的復建工程，由貴州省發(fa)展和(he)改革(ge)委(wei)員會批準建設(she)。大(da)花(hua)水電站建成后，獨(du)木河(he)大(da)橋(qiao)及兩岸(an)的部分公(gong)路(lu)(lu)將被淹沒，所以(yi)需(xu)要(yao)新建一(yi)座橋(qiao)梁及公(gong)路(lu)(lu)恢(hui)復原有(you)功(gong)能；全線(xian)路(lu)(lu)基寬(kuan)度設(she)計為6.5米，按山(shan)嶺重丘(qiu)四級公(gong)路(lu)(lu)設(she)計。行車道寬(kuan)度5.5m；路(lu)(lu)面類型(xing)為泥結碎石；是全長119米的箱型(xing)拱橋(qiao)；橋(qiao)面寬(kuan)度為凈-7m。