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概述

大(da)花水水電站大(da)壩(拋物線雙曲拱(gong)壩+左(zuo)岸重力壩)位(wei)于(yu)高山(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu)區,壩址兩(liang)(liang)岸山(shan)(shan)壁(bi)陡峭,混(hun)凝土入倉(cang)布(bu)置(zhi)困難(nan)。根據該工程(cheng)特(te)有的(de)地形條(tiao)件,在重力壩左(zuo)岸邊坡(po)分二期(qi)布(bu)置(zhi)了(le)3條(tiao)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),即(ji)一期(qi)底線采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)800mm寬(kuan)的(de)膠帶機(ji)和2條(tiao)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);二期(qi)高線采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)1000 mm寬(kuan)的(de)膠帶機(ji)和1條(tiao)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);拱(gong)壩混(hun)凝土的(de)入倉(cang)則主要采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)緩降溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(由于(yu)拱(gong)壩兩(liang)(liang)岸邊坡(po)較陡,平均(jun)角度70°,普通(tong)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)此種高陡邊坡(po)輸送碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)緩降溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)輸送碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土不(bu)僅可保證質(zhi)量(liang),而且在輸送強度、安裝(zhuang)工期(qi)、安裝(zhuang)及運(yun)行成本等多方面(mian)均(jun)優于(yu)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),為拱(gong)壩快(kuai)速施工打(da)下了(le)基礎。

工程介紹

大花水(shui)水(shui)電站位(wei)于(yu)貴州省開陽縣與福(fu)泉市(shi)交界處、清水(shui)河中游峽谷河段內，為(wei)清水(shui)河干流(liu)水(shui)電梯級開發的第三(san)級。電站總(zong)裝機容(rong)量200MW，總(zong)投資14億元。攔河大壩(ba)為(wei)拋(pao)物線(xian)(xian)雙曲拱壩(ba)+重(zhong)力墩(dun)，左岸為(wei)重(zhong)力墩(dun)，右岸為(wei)雙曲拱壩(ba)，大壩(ba)軸線(xian)(xian)總(zong)長(chang)287.56米，最大壩(ba)高134.50米，厚高比0.171，是國內在建的最高碾壓混凝土雙曲薄拱壩(ba)。壩(ba)身(shen)設有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)泄洪中孔(kong)和三(san)個(ge)溢流(liu)表孔(kong)，在拱壩(ba)下(xia)游還布置了一(yi)個(ge)集水(shui)井(jing)和一(yi)個(ge)吊物井(jing)，壩(ba)體設置兩(liang)條(tiao)誘導縫(feng)(feng)，兩(liang)岸設置周邊(bian)短縫(feng)(feng)，拱壩(ba)壩(ba)身(shen)較高且體型結構復雜。

樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程主要由碾壓凝(ning)土拱(gong)壩(ba)、左岸重力(li)墩、壩(ba)頂開敞式溢(yi)流(liu)表(biao)空(kong)、泄洪兼沖沙中孔、左岸引水(shui)系統及(ji)地(di)面(mian)廠房、開關(guan)站等組成。工(gong)(gong)程總(zong)工(gong)(gong)期3年零8個月，其中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備期10個月，主體工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期2年零5個月。工(gong)(gong)程關(guan)鍵施(shi)工(gong)(gong)線路為(wei)引水(shui)隧(sui)洞和大壩(ba)的填(tian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

大(da)花水(shui)為梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)開發規劃(hua)的第三個梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)。清水(shui)河梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)水(shui)電(dian)開發是烏(wu)江公(gong)(gong)司(si)首次采用多元投(tou)(tou)資貴州(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)小(xiao)型水(shui)電(dian)的嘗試,投(tou)(tou)資方分別(bie)為烏(wu)江公(gong)(gong)司(si)、貴州(zhou)(zhou)騰元電(dian)力發展(zhan)有(you)限責任公(gong)(gong)司(si)、貴陽勘測(ce)設(she)計研究院、貴州(zhou)(zhou)黔能(neng)天和礦(kuang)業有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司(si)、開陽縣(xian)。

工程設計

樞紐工程(cheng)(cheng)主要由碾壓凝(ning)土拱壩、左岸重(zhong)力墩、壩頂開敞式溢流表(biao)空、泄洪兼沖(chong)沙(sha)中孔、左岸引(yin)(yin)水(shui)系統及地(di)面廠房、開關站等組成。包(bao)含清(qing)水(shui)河大橋(qiao)、3#公路、引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞2#、3#支(zhi)洞、引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞。公司管段(duan)全長(chang)4.35km，施工里程(cheng)(cheng)K0+000～K4+349.7。土石方(fang)62.3萬立方(fang)米，涵(han)洞280米/35座(zuo)，大橋(qiao)144.54米/1座(zuo)，隧道1949.579米/3座(zuo)。

攔(lan)河大壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)拋物線雙曲拱壩(ba)(ba)+左岸(an)重力(li)墩，雙曲拱壩(ba)(ba)最大壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)134.50m。進水口為(wei)(wei)壩(ba)(ba)式進水口，引水隧洞(dong)位于(yu)左岸(an)，長(chang)(chang)約5360m，開挖(wa)斷(duan)面(mian)直徑(jing)8.20m，全斷(duan)面(mian)鋼筋混凝土(tu)(tu)襯砌，襯砌0.60m；調壓井阻(zu)抗(kang)孔(kong)內徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)3.45m，調壓井內徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)16.0m，襯厚1.0m。壓力(li)鋼管(guan)(guan)主管(guan)(guan)內徑(jing)6.0m，支(zhi)管(guan)(guan)內徑(jing)均為(wei)(wei)4.0m，主管(guan)(guan)段和岔管(guan)(guan)段外(wai)側回填(tian)C20混凝土(tu)(tu)厚1.0m，支(zhi)管(guan)(guan)段外(wai)側回填(tian)C20混凝土(tu)(tu)厚0.8m。電(dian)站主廠房(fang)尺寸為(wei)(wei)55.00×23.00×58.30m（長(chang)(chang)×寬×高(gao)），機(ji)組安裝高(gao)程712.50m，發電(dian)機(ji)層高(gao)程724.00m，安裝間(jian)和尾水平(ping)臺高(gao)程為(wei)(wei)736.50m，安裝間(jian)布(bu)置在主廠房(fang)右端，凈長(chang)(chang)20.50m；副廠房(fang)布(bu)置在主廠房(fang)上(shang)游面(mian)，尺寸為(wei)(wei)55.00×12.50×41.20；主變場及GIS室位于(yu)主廠房(fang)上(shang)游。１號支(zhi)洞(dong)的縱坡為(wei)(wei)1.283％隧道，全長(chang)(chang)190.32米(mi)。隧道高(gao)6.6米(mi)、寬7.2米(mi)，洞(dong)口明挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)石方39000立方米(mi)。

工程施工

引(yin)水隧洞襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)提(ti)(ti)前完工(gong)(gong)(gong)    由中鐵(tie)五局五公司施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)大(da)花(hua)水水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)引(yin)水隧洞襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)混凝(ning)土提(ti)(ti)前完工(gong)(gong)(gong)。大(da)花(hua)水水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程不(bu)僅是(shi)貴州(zhou)省西(xi)部開(kai)(kai)發戰略(lve)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，也是(shi)烏江水電(dian)梯級開(kai)(kai)發龍頭工(gong)(gong)(gong)程和國家西(xi)電(dian)東送(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。大(da)花(hua)水水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)引(yin)水隧洞全長(chang)5338.805米，位于貴州(zhou)省開(kai)(kai)陽縣境內，隧洞坡度(du)為5‰，開(kai)(kai)挖斷(duan)面(mian)為圓(yuan)形，設計開(kai)(kai)挖直徑最(zui)(zui)大(da)9.7米，襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)后隧洞圓(yuan)形斷(duan)面(mian)凈空直徑7.3米，采用鋼筋混凝(ning)土全斷(duan)面(mian)襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)，襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)厚度(du)最(zui)(zui)大(da)1.2米，全斷(duan)面(mian)針梁式襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)臺(tai)車(che)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，引(yin)水隧洞共布置4條施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)支洞、共3家單(dan)位施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

自2005年(nian)2月中標以來，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)中，五(wu)公(gong)司項目部(bu)強化(hua)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理、狠抓施組(zu)作業、周密安排部(bu)署，于(yu)2006年(nian)12月17日(ri)實現了(le)(le)隧洞(dong)提前(qian)貫通到分界點。應(ying)業主要求，對隧洞(dong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)挖(wa)和襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)任務(wu)再次追(zhui)加(jia)，在面臨工(gong)(gong)(gong)期緊(jin)、任務(wu)重、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度大(da)的情況下，項目部(bu)合理調(diao)整施組(zu)，加(jia)強對隧洞(dong)開(kai)挖(wa)和襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)序銜接，強化(hua)現場(chang)管(guan)理，響應(ying)業主提出的“按期下閘蓄水發電(dian)”的工(gong)(gong)(gong)期目標，積(ji)極開(kai)展勞動(dong)競賽活動(dong)，掀起大(da)干(gan)生產高(gao)潮(chao)。創下了(le)(le)連續3個(ge)月完(wan)成月襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)180米的好成績，確保了(le)(le)1月13日(ri)提前(qian)完(wan)成了(le)(le)全部(bu)混凝土襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)任務(wu)，成為該引水隧洞(dong)第一家完(wan)成混凝土襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位，得到了(le)(le)業主的高(gao)度評價(jia)。

１號(hao)支(zhi)洞貫(guan)通    2009年12月6日(ri)17時(shi)，由(you)電氣化公司施工的(de)貴州(zhou)大花水(shui)水(shui)電站１號(hao)支(zhi)洞順(shun)利貫(guan)通。1號(hao)支(zhi)洞是(shi)為(wei)開鑿引(yin)水(shui)隧(sui)洞而設計(ji)的(de)施工洞，位(wei)于(yu)(yu)開陽縣(xian)清水(shui)河北岸，是(shi)一條(tiao)縱坡(po)為(wei)1.283％隧(sui)道(dao)，全長190.32米(mi)(mi)(mi)。隧(sui)道(dao)高(gao)6.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)，洞口明挖(wa)土石(shi)方(fang)39000立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，工程于(yu)(yu)7月28日(ri)正式開工，掘進(jin)方(fang)式為(wei)新奧法施工。這是(shi)電氣化公司介入土建領域(yu)施工的(de)首座隧(sui)洞。

投產發電

2007年(nian)11月30日(ri)上(shang)午，以中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)(shui)電建設集團(tuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電八(ba)局(ju)為主承建的(de)貴(gui)州清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河大花水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站正(zheng)式投產發電。

中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)電八局(ju)先后中(zhong)標承建大(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)電站大(da)壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、人工(gong)(gong)(gong)砂(sha)石(shi)料生產系統。自2004年6月進場以(yi)來，全體員工(gong)(gong)(gong)先后克(ke)服地質條件復雜、工(gong)(gong)(gong)期緊、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)大(da)、超標洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)沖毀(hui)圍堰、山體大(da)滑坡等一系列困難，發揚團結(jie)、拼搏(bo)、開拓、奉獻(xian)的精神，積極應用新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、新材料，按業主要(yao)求完成(cheng)各項節點工(gong)(gong)(gong)期，順利完成(cheng)大(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)電站各項施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務。

大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)大(da)壩施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量優(you)良，數控質(zhi)量優(you)良率達(da)到86%，外(wai)觀(guan)質(zhi)量良好，并創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土連(lian)續上升33.5米的中國企(qi)業施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)新紀錄，其快(kuai)速施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術研究在(zai)2007年第五屆碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土國際(ji)大(da)壩會議上作了(le)專題報告(gao)，國際(ji)大(da)壩會議專家對(dui)大(da)花水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)速度、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量給予高度評價，我局在(zai)碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)史(shi)上又(you)塑(su)造(zao)了(le)一座(zuo)豐碑。

復建工程

大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電站(zhan)(zhan)庫(ku)區淹沒公(gong)(gong)路(lu)及(ji)獨(du)木(mu)河大(da)橋(qiao)的復建(jian)工(gong)程，由(you)貴(gui)州省發展和改(gai)革(ge)委員會(hui)批準(zhun)建(jian)設(she)。大(da)花水(shui)電站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)成(cheng)后，獨(du)木(mu)河大(da)橋(qiao)及(ji)兩岸的部分公(gong)(gong)路(lu)將被淹沒，所以(yi)需要新(xin)建(jian)一座橋(qiao)梁及(ji)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)恢復原(yuan)有功能；全線路(lu)基寬度設(she)計為(wei)6.5米(mi)(mi)，按山嶺重丘四級公(gong)(gong)路(lu)設(she)計。行車道寬度5.5m；路(lu)面(mian)類(lei)型為(wei)泥結碎石(shi)；是全長119米(mi)(mi)的箱型拱橋(qiao)；橋(qiao)面(mian)寬度為(wei)凈-7m。