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電站龍頭

洪(hong)家渡水庫壩址以上(shang)控制流(liu)域面(mian)積9900平(ping)方(fang)公里，占六沖河流(liu)域面(mian)積的91%。壩址多年(nian)平(ping)均流(liu)量155立方(fang)米/秒，多年(nian)平(ping)均徑流(liu)量48.9億立方(fang)米。水庫為(wei)山區峽谷和湖泊混(hun)合(he)型，正常蓄水位(wei)時回水長(chang)84.89km，

最寬(kuan)處3.57km，水面(mian)面(mian)積80.5平方(fang)(fang)公里。淹沒耕地6.3萬(wan)畝，需遷移(yi)人口4.5萬(wan)人。 水庫(ku)總庫(ku)容49.47億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，調節(jie)庫(ku)容33.61億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，是烏(wu)江11個梯級(ji)電站(zhan)中唯一(yi)對水量具(ju)有多(duo)年調節(jie)能力的“龍頭”電站(zhan)。

由(you)于(yu)水(shui)庫的調節(jie)(jie)作用(yong)，枯水(shui)期(qi)調節(jie)(jie)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增加(jia)(jia)，汛期(qi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)下游梯(ti)級調峰棄水(shui)，可大幅(fu)度提高(gao)烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效益(yi)。近(jin)期(qi)可提高(gao)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)、烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)渡(du)兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站保(bao)證出力(li)239MW，增加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（水(shui)力(li)補償(chang)(chang)加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)補償(chang)(chang)）11.79億kW.h，包括(kuo)洪家渡(du)本身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)共計27.73億kW.h，其中59%為枯期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，45%為高(gao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)優良(liang)。遠(yuan)期(qi)可增加(jia)(jia)全梯(ti)級保(bao)證出力(li)833MW，年增發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)15.96億kW.h。烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)渡(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站也可適當增加(jia)(jia)裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約520MW。還可改善下游東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)和烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)渡(du)的運行(xing)(xing)條(tiao)件，分(fen)別提高(gao)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)、烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)渡(du)運行(xing)(xing)死水(shui)位14m和15m，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)渡(du)受阻容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)210MW，避免(mian)水(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組在震動(dong)區運行(xing)(xing)，對機(ji)(ji)組的安全十(shi)分(fen)有利。由(you)此可見(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站對下游的補償(chang)(chang)效益(yi)大于(yu)本身(shen)效益(yi)。

電站建設

洪家渡工(gong)程(cheng)實際進(jin)程(cheng)是1997年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)籌建(jian)準備，2000年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)導流(liu)洞(dong)(dong)開(kai)工(gong)，2000年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)壩肩開(kai)挖，2000年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日，作為國家“西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送”啟動項目正(zheng)式(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)，2001年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)15日實現大江截流(liu)，2002年(nian)(nian)導流(liu)洞(dong)(dong)完成建(jian)設，2002年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)大壩工(gong)程(cheng)達(da)到100年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇度汛狀(zhuang)態。根據烏江水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)公司(si)調整后的工(gong)期(qi)目標，2004年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)洪家渡水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)首臺(tai)(tai)機(ji)組順利發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，10月(yue)(yue)(yue)第二臺(tai)(tai)機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，12月(yue)(yue)(yue)第三臺(tai)(tai)機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，目前(qian)(qian)主體工(gong)程(cheng)已進(jin)入收(shou)尾階(jie)段，其(qi)總工(gong)期(qi)較初(chu)步設計提前(qian)(qian)兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)，并創造了(le)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)內(nei)三臺(tai)(tai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組投產發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)設奇跡，目前(qian)(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠累計發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)7億千瓦時(shi)。 總工(gong)期(qi)比初(chu)步設計提前(qian)(qian)兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)。

電站意義

國(guo)家首批七個“西(xi)電(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”工程(cheng)(cheng)主會場均設(she)在此地，時任國(guo)務(wu)院總(zong)理的(de)(de)朱鎔(rong)基在工程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工的(de)(de)賀電(dian)中說(shuo)道：洪家渡水電(dian)站(zhan)“西(xi)電(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)開(kai)工，標志著西(xi)部(bu)大開(kai)發拉開(kai)序幕。 “西(xi)電(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”工程(cheng)(cheng)是中國(guo)西(xi)部(bu)大開(kai)發的(de)(de)標志性工程(cheng)(cheng)之一(yi)。“西(xi)電(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”是指開(kai)發貴州(zhou)、云南(nan)、廣(guang)西(xi)、四川、內蒙古(gu)、山西(xi)、陜西(xi)等西(xi)部(bu)省區的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)資源，將其輸(shu)送(song)(song)到電(dian)力(li)緊缺的(de)(de)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)、上(shang)海、江蘇、浙(zhe)江和京(jing)、津(jin)、唐(tang)地區。

該電站(zhan)在貴州(zhou)電網中主要承擔調(diao)峰(feng)、調(diao)頻(pin)和備用，改(gai)(gai)善(shan)電網運行條件，并具有防洪、工農業(ye)供(gong)水(shui)、改(gai)(gai)善(shan)生態環境、旅游、水(shui)產(chan)養殖(zhi)、改(gai)(gai)善(shan)航運等綜合效益(yi)。該電站(zhan)的興建，無論對烏江梯級(ji)的"流域、梯級(ji)、滾動、綜合"開發，還是對貴州(zhou)電力(li)結構的優化，以(yi)及(ji)對貴州(zhou)經濟的振興，都有著重要的作用。

洪(hong)家渡電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)提前建成投產，對(dui)增強(qiang)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游各梯(ti)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出力以及貴州電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)調(diao)峰調(diao)頻能力將(jiang)發(fa)揮(hui)重要作用，有助(zhu)于加快貴州“西(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)”步伐。近(jin)期通過對(dui)水量的(de)調(diao)節，烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游已建成的(de)東(dong)風和烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)渡水電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量將(jiang)可增加15億千瓦時(shi)以上。

水土保持

按照水利部批復(fu)(fu)的《烏江(jiang)洪家渡水電站水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)持方案》，貴州烏江(jiang)水電開(kai)發有限責任公司組織(zhi)實施(shi)了壩體邊坡防護、棄渣場(chang)整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、料場(chang)整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、施(shi)工(gong)場(chang)地及營地整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和綠化、下游(you)河道整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及對外(wai)道路防護等水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)持措施(shi)，完(wan)成土(tu)(tu)石方工(gong)程124.1萬立方米(mi)，栽(zai)植林木(mu)32.1萬株，種草28.0公頃(qing)。項目(mu)區擾動土(tu)(tu)地治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)91.4%，水土(tu)(tu)流失治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)程度為(wei)(wei)84.9%，水土(tu)(tu)流失控制(zhi)比為(wei)(wei)1.5，植被恢復(fu)(fu)系(xi)數為(wei)(wei)達到93.1%，林草覆(fu)蓋率(lv)為(wei)(wei)64.6%，攔渣率(lv)為(wei)(wei)95.4%。