普(pu)定水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)位于烏江(jiang)上游(you)南源三(san)岔河(he)的中游(you)、貴州(zhou)省(sheng)普(pu)定縣境內,距貴陽市131km。本工(gong)程以 發電(dian)為主(zhu),兼(jian)有供水(shui)、灌(guan)溉、養殖及旅(lv)游(you)等(deng)綜(zong)合效(xiao)益。電(dian)站(zhan)裝機容量(liang)7.5萬kW(3×2.5),保證(zheng)出力1.5萬kW,年平均(jun)發電(dian)量(liang)3.4億kW·h,主(zhu)要滿(man)足普(pu)定、織金等(deng)地(di)區(qu)用電(dian),還可(ke)增加下游(you)東風、烏江(jiang)渡等(deng)電(dian)站(zhan)保證(zheng)出力約(yue)4萬kW。
歷史
介紹
普(pu)定水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站于(yu)1995年建成發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian),裝(zhuang)有(you)3臺25MW水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)。設計(ji)多(duo)年平(ping)均發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量3.16kW.h,年利用(yong)(yong)小時約4,213h。從(cong)普(pu)定水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站1996年至2003年運行情況看,8年間水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫累計(ji)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)量327.8億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),其中發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)195.66億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),占總來水(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)59.7%,泄洪(hong)棄水(shui)(shui)(shui)132.14億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),占總來水(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)40.3%。為(wei)提(ti)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)能資源的(de)利用(yong)(yong)率,有(you)利于(yu)上下游(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)協(xie)調運行,董事會(hui)建議,開(kai)展普(pu)定水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站擴機1臺50MW發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)的(de)前期(qi)準備工作。
發展
普定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)下游為引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有3臺(tai)120MW水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發動機(ji),已于(yu)(yu)(yu)2003年實(shi)現(xian)投(tou)產發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)具有季調節(jie)性(xing)能(neng),正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)1,086m,死水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)1,052m,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)360MW,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)最大(da)引(yin)(yin)用(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)435立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。普定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)最大(da)引(yin)(yin)用(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)為188立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒,兩(liang)者相(xiang)差(cha)247立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒,而(er)普定(ding)至引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡的(de)區間流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)僅18.8立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。 普定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)擴機(ji)后,將(jiang)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)引(yin)(yin)用(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang),提(ti)高引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭和發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效益,有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)日運行(xing)方(fang)式,同時有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)。擴機(ji)規模裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)1臺(tai)50MW,年發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)約5,000萬(wan)(wan)kwh以上,單位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)約1.6元/kwh左右(you)。經(jing)初步測算,擴機(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)約10,000萬(wan)(wan)元,資(zi)(zi)金(jin)來源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)自有資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1991年列(lie)入國(guo)家(jia)年度(du)基建(jian)計(ji)劃開工(gong)(gong)項目,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司與貴(gui)州省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力局(ju)(ju)合資(zi)(zi)建(jian)設(she)。由貴(gui)州省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力局(ju)(ju)負責工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)及籌集資(zi)(zi)金(jin),并履行(xing)業主職責。 主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang):土石方(fang)開挖為27萬(wan)(wan)余立(li)方(fang)米(mi),混凝土為21萬(wan)(wan)余立(li)方(fang)米(mi),總工(gong)(gong)期4年,總投(tou)資(zi)(zi)1.93億(yi)元。
庫區地形地質
庫區地處灰巖地區,巖溶發育。庫區兩岸有相對隔水層包圍,且北與六沖河、南與北盤江均有地下分水嶺存在,水位高程均遠高于正常蓄水位,不會產生鄰谷滲漏。岸坡基巖成層分布,傾角平緩,不存在岸坡(po)坍滑問題。壩址(zhi)位于灰巖和(he)白云(yun)巖地段,兩岸陡峻,巖層走向N35°~40°E,傾向NW,傾(qing)角18°~20°。壩址(zhi)主(zhu)要斷層有20條,大(da)多為高(gao)角度(du)平移斷層,斷距小(xiao),影響帶窄(zhai),規模不大,延(yan)伸不(bu)遠,且(qie)大多膠結良好(hao)。大壩(ba)帷幕采用懸掛布置,處理深度以(yi)單(dan)位吸水率(lv)小于3Alu(呂(lv)容)的界限(xian)(xian)為下限(xian)(xian)。壩區地(di)震烈度(du)為6度(du)。
設計
壩(ba)址控(kong)制流(liu)域面積5871平方(fang)(fang)公里。流(liu)域內(nei)雨量(liang)豐沛,多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)1181mm。壩(ba)址實測(ce)最大(da)流(liu)量(liang) 為3380立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,實測(ce)最小流(liu)量(liang)為8.8立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,壩(ba)址多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)為38.8億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均流(liu)量(liang)為 123立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)輸沙量(liang)為406萬(wan)t,多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均懸沙量(liang)為1.042kg/立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。
庫區地處灰巖(yan)地區,巖(yan)溶發育。庫區兩(liang)岸(an)(an)有相對隔水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)包(bao)圍,且北(bei)與六(liu)沖(chong)河、南與北(bei)盤江均(jun)有 地下分(fen)水(shui)嶺存在(zai),水(shui)位高(gao)程(cheng)均(jun)遠高(gao)于(yu)正常(chang)蓄水(shui)位,不會產生鄰谷滲(shen)漏。岸(an)(an)坡(po)基(ji)巖(yan)成層(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)布,傾角(jiao)(jiao)平緩,不存在(zai)岸(an)(an)坡(po)坍(tan)滑問題。壩址位于(yu)灰巖(yan)和白(bai)云巖(yan)地段,兩(liang)岸(an)(an)陡峻,巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)走向(xiang)(xiang)N35°-40°E,傾向(xiang)(xiang)NW,傾角(jiao)(jiao)18°-20°。壩址主要斷層(ceng)(ceng)有20條,大多為高(gao)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)平移斷層(ceng)(ceng),斷距小,影響帶窄,規(gui)模不大,延伸(shen)不遠,且大多膠結良好。大壩帷(wei)幕采用(yong)懸掛布置,處理(li)深(shen)度(du)(du)以單位吸水(shui)率小于(yu)3Alu(呂容)的界限(xian)為下限(xian)。壩區地震烈(lie)度(du)(du)為6度(du)(du)。
水庫(ku)正常蓄水位為(wei)1145m,總庫(ku)容4.2億立(li)方(fang)米,庫(ku)區淹沒面積為(wei)14平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),遷(qian)移人(ren)口5466人(ren),淹沒耕地7600畝(mu)。整個樞紐(niu)由碾壓混凝土拱壩、壩頂(ding)溢洪道、沖沙孔、右岸(an)引水式地面廠房等建筑物組(zu)成。大壩采用(yong)單(dan)心圓拱壩,呈不對稱布置(zhi),右岸(an)設有30m長的(de)重(zhong)力墩。中部設有4孔寬(kuan)12.5m、高(gao)(gao)16m的(de)表孔,采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)低坎分流對撞消能(neng)。最大壩高(gao)(gao)75m,壩頂(ding)弧長165.67,壩頂(ding)總長195.67,壩頂(ding)寬(kuan)6.3,厚高(gao)(gao)比為(wei)1∶0.386。筑壩采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)摻(chan)粉煤灰低水泥用(yong)量干硬性碾壓混凝土,并由碾壓混凝土自(zi)身防滲。壩體混凝土量13萬(wan)余立(li)方(fang)米。
右(you)岸引水系統由進(jin)水塔(ta)、引水隧洞(dong)(dong)、壓(ya)力斜(xie)井和(he)壓(ya)力管道組(zu)成,全長290m,最大洞(dong)(dong)徑8m。岔(cha)管采用鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土岔(cha)管。廠(chang)房位于壩下游160m處(chu),由主機間(jian)、安裝間(jian)、上(shang)游副廠(chang)房、左(zuo)副廠(chang)房,進(jin)廠(chang)交通(tong)洞(dong)(dong)及(ji)電梯塔(ta)組(zu)成。
由(you)于河(he)谷狹(xia)窄,洪枯(ku)水(shui)位變幅大(da)(da),廠房采(cai)用半封閉式布置(zhi)。長(chang)(chang)76.6,最大(da)(da)寬32.6。開關站布置(zhi)在廠房后坡(po),長(chang)(chang)120m,寬38m。施工導(dao)流(liu)采(cai)用隧(sui)洞導(dao)流(liu)方案,導(dao)流(liu)設計流(liu)量為(wei)560立方米/秒。上、下(xia)游圍(wei)堰(yan)為(wei)土石(shi)過水(shui)圍(wei)堰(yan),最大(da)(da)堰(yan)高19.5。導(dao)流(liu)洞全長(chang)(chang)470m,洞身不襯砌。
運行發電
由國電(dian)紅楓水(shui)力發電(dian)廠代管的普定水(shui)電(dian)站發電(dian)量已(yi)達到(dao)3.141548億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi),提前67天(tian)圓滿完成年計劃3.14億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)的發電(dian)任務。
三岔河流域降雨相對平穩(wen),來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基本接近正常(chang)年份,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫運行情況正常(chang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)共(gong)計320413.7萬(wan)立方(fang)米,比(bi)去年同(tong)期(qi)多75475.2萬(wan)立方(fang)米。汛期(qi),電站(zhan)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工值(zhi)班人員密切配(pei)合,合理調(diao)度水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,充分利用發電“消水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”,合理利用沖沙底孔(kong)泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),采用“多開(kai)少放”的方(fang)法,將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫維持在(zai)較(jiao)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位運行,在(zai)多蓄(xu)了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的同(tong)時,也提(ti)高了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能利用率,為電站(zhan)多發電奠(dian)定了(le)基礎。
在總廠的(de)(de)(de)統一安(an)排和指導下,電站配合機電公司(si)在汛前完成了1號機大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)、1號蝶閥(fa)大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)等大(da)(da)型工(gong)作,消(xiao)除了影響(xiang)安(an)全(quan)生產的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)缺陷,確保(bao)(bao)了主設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)可靠性;通過全(quan)站職工(gong)共同努(nu)力(li),認真開展以“加(jia)強管理(li)、確保(bao)(bao)安(an)全(quan)、提高(gao)效(xiao)益”為目標的(de)(de)(de)“管理(li)效(xiao)益年活動”,高(gao)度重視(shi)安(an)全(quan)生產及計量管理(li)工(gong)作,加(jia)強設(she)備消(xiao)缺及運行(xing)維護(hu)管理(li),為發電任務的(de)(de)(de)完成提供(gong)了有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)證。
技術維修
水電站對液(ye)壓啟閉機進行(xing)了改(gai)造和維修。有關(guan)專家(jia)結合普定水電站液(ye)壓啟閉機改(gai)造和維修工(gong)作的(de)經驗,解(jie)決了液(ye)壓啟閉機閘門開啟至工(gong)作高位時(shi)啟閉機不(bu)能鎖定、閘門下(xia)滑量很(hen)大的(de)原因,并介(jie)紹相應解(jie)決問(wen)題的(de)措施。