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結構

白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)主峰海拔983米，奇石如垛(duo)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)繚繞(rao)，俗稱白(bai)(bai)(bai)貌垛(duo)。明嘉靖《南陽府志·山(shan)川·泌陽縣》的記載是：“白(bai)(bai)(bai)貌垛(duo)山(shan)，在縣東七十(shi)里，山(shan)之奇峰秀麗，常有(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)舒(shu)卷故名”。清(qing)《泌陽縣志》具體描述(shu)為：“白(bai)(bai)(bai)茅(mao)堵（垛(duo)），在縣東北七十(shi)里，山(shan)勢雄偉(wei)，俯環(huan)群山(shan)，天陰雨必興(xing)云(yun)(yun)霧。山(shan)后有(you)龍潭。相(xiang)傳山(shan)上有(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)茅(mao)大仙(xian)。每(mei)逢歲旱，鄉人無論(lun)遠近，皆往祈雨，有(you)求(qiu)輒(zhe)應(ying)，屢著靈(ling)異。又名白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)。”

白(bai)云山古老而(er)神奇。歷(li)史上(shang)，以其(qi)滿山青翠、如龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在臥而(er)曾名青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山。自(zi)白(bai)貌垛(duo)向東(dong)北綿(mian)延至確(que)山境，宛若一(yi)條巨(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，白(bai)貌垛(duo)正是(shi)昂(ang)起(qi)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)首，石垛(duo)儼然是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)角，槍桿嶺一(yi)如龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)須，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)口噴吐著云霧飛瀑（九龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)瀑），龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)尾(wei)翹立在平(ping)疇綠野（樂山），一(yi)派意欲騰飛、活(huo)靈活(huo)現的蒼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)容貌，古人以“貌朵(duo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)容”列為(wei)泌陽八景之一(yi)，載入(ru)《南陽府志》。尤(you)為(wei)神奇的是(shi)，在這條巨(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身旁有龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)盤山、桂(gui)花山、羅漢頂、大頂子、城頂山、棋盤、蜀山、掛旗(qi)山、千年(nian)嶺諸峰盤桓來(lai)朝，如龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)拱衛；有黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭、響(xiang)水(shui)潭、白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)、火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)、立陡溝泉(quan)、響(xiang)石棚泉(quan)等眾(zhong)水(shui)相(xiang)向，潤澤(ze)滋養(yang)。可謂九龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蟠曲，祥瑞紛(fen)呈。

景觀

傳(chuan)說遠古時候，這里是一(yi)片深(shen)海，與東(dong)海相(xiang)連。天塌地陷以后，海水(shui)迅速東(dong)泄，這里的(de)老(lao)龍(long)王把(ba)宮中金(jin)銀珠(zhu)寶(bao)裝了一(yi)船，與龍(long)子(zi)龍(long)孫一(yi)起隨水(shui)搬家。太白金(jin)星見狀急(ji)奏(zou)玉(yu)皇大帝：中原寶(bao)貝不能流失(shi)東(dong)海。遂(sui)作法退水(shui)，寶(bao)船擱淺(qian)在今東(dong)雙山(shan)(shan)老(lao)爺廟處，大橡樹就(jiu)是大船桅桿。老(lao)龍(long)與子(zi)孫也化(hua)石為山(shan)(shan)，構了如(ru)今的(de)白云山(shan)(shan)系。

神話見證著歷史。25億年(nian)前(qian)，太(tai)古界地層出露桐柏(bo)山(shan)群，分布在(zai)羊(yang)冊—王店(dian)大(da)斷裂以北華山(shan)水(shui)庫—宋溝、竹林—白云山(shan)一帶。歷元古界—新生界，經(jing)中條、王屋、燕山(shan)構造運動，地層發生變質(zhi)、褶(zhe)皺和斷裂，產生不同成因的巖漿活動，形成白云山(shan)現(xian)在(zai)的地質(zhi)地貌(mao)。

白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山雄壯而(er)質樸。山體呈(cheng)東北(bei)——西南(nan)走(zou)向，與(yu)桐柏山主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)遙(yao)遙(yao)相望，成(cheng)為豫(yu)南(nan)雙峰(feng)星座，高(gao)大(da)深厚，威武雄壯。民間傳說當初太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)與(yu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山相約一(yi)(yi)同(tong)往(wang)高(gao)處長(chang)，看誰(shui)長(chang)得又(you)快又(you)高(gao)，并約定(ding)日出而(er)長(chang)，日落(luo)而(er)息。誰(shui)知(zhi)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山下(xia)有竹林晚照(zhao)，天黑(hei)得晚，多長(chang)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個時辰。太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)雖為主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)卻矮了(le)一(yi)(yi)截(jie)，它(ta)急白(bai)(bai)(bai)了(le)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，便到玉皇大(da)帝那里(li)訴說白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山超越主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)。玉皇大(da)帝派(pai)太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)金星下(xia)界用其拂塵掃(sao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)下(xia)，把(ba)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)峰(feng)尖掃(sao)落(luo)到東邊而(er)成(cheng)樂（落(luo)）山。白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山平坦無峰(feng)怎么辦？太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)金星又(you)派(pai)眾(zhong)山神抬白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山南(nan)一(yi)(yi)山頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的石垛(duo)子(zi)放到白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)山頂(ding)(ding)(ding)而(er)成(cheng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)貌垛(duo)。抬走(zou)山頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的山成(cheng)了(le)平臺(tai)，即現(xian)在(zai)的臺(tai)山。

那以(yi)后，白云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)雖然(ran)稍低，但(dan)經玉皇大(da)帝特(te)批可以(yi)自成體系，在(zai)自己的(de)周圍形成低山(shan)(shan)組合(he)。共有(you)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)八(ba)八(ba)六十四(si)座(zuo)，東有(you)雙山(shan)(shan)565米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、掛旗(qi)山(shan)(shan)650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、火龍山(shan)(shan)461米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、樂山(shan)(shan)813米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南(nan)有(you)光石垴832米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、大(da)尖(jian)山(shan)(shan)604.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、羅漢(han)頂760米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)497.5，西有(you)桂花山(shan)(shan)740米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，北有(you)塔山(shan)(shan)760米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、龍盤山(shan)(shan)604米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)連山(shan)(shan)，峰(feng)連峰(feng)，秀峻挺拔，巍然(ran)峙立，列(lie)山(shan)(shan)如屏。脊(ji)峰(feng)北翼陡險(xian)，南(nan)翼舒緩。巖層(ceng)由變質巖、混合(he)巖、花崗巖、白云(yun)(yun)巖等。山(shan)(shan)嶺怪(guai)石天成，形態自然(ran)，原始古(gu)樸。

環境

白(bai)云山幽(you)靜而(er)(er)靈秀。地處(chu)北亞熱帶向暖溫(wen)帶過(guo)渡(du)區，屬(shu)大陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候。氣(qi)候濕潤，雨量充沛(pei)。又有天然小氣(qi)候，俗(su)言“白(bai)茅垛戴(dai)帽，淹死老道（士(shi)）”。山上有水(shui)泉九(jiu)九(jiu)八十一眼，出名泉眼有張良廟泌(mi)水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)泉，立陡溝柳河源(yuan)(yuan)泉，臺(tai)山河源(yuan)(yuan)泉白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉，老河源(yuan)(yuan)泉響(xiang)石棚泉，九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)口紗(sha)帽翅河源(yuan)(yuan)泉，大橡樹龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭源(yuan)(yuan)泉，棋盤嶺泉（匯(hui)入(ru)泌(mi)水(shui)），城(cheng)頂山泉（匯(hui)入(ru)泌(mi)水(shui)）等等。泉水(shui)競湊，奔(ben)涌(yong)成溪，越(yue)澗(jian)跳峽(xia)而(er)(er)成飛(fei)瀑(pu)十數(shu)個(ge)。蔚為壯觀的瀑(pu)布有龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭峽(xia)瀑(pu)布，落差(cha)近40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，飛(fei)流直下，水(shui)霧彌(mi)漫(man)；蜘(zhi)蛛山三(san)級瀑(pu)布，落差(cha)150米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，如蛟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)出海，攜風(feng)帶雨，飛(fei)珠濺玉，經三(san)級蹦(beng)極，呼嘯而(er)(er)入(ru)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭；九(jiu)夢崖瀑(pu)布，落差(cha)70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，似晴天響(xiang)雷，轟鳴(ming)之(zhi)聲傳之(zhi)數(shu)里；立陡溝瀑(pu)布，落差(cha)50余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，橫寬十數(shu)丈，細流慢分，如輕紗(sha)薄霧。

白云山(shan)區有大(da)型水(shui)(shui)庫1座，小一、小二型水(shui)(shui)庫5座。北山(shan)腳下的板橋水(shui)(shui)庫蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)7億立方米，碧波萬頃，倒映白云山(shan)雄(xiong)姿。小型水(shui)(shui)庫如(ru)寶石如(ru)明(ming)鏡，鑲鉗在(zai)山(shan)間，山(shan)中有水(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)中有山(shan)，山(shan)高水(shui)(shui)闊，天然和諧，于(yu)雄(xiong)偉中透著靈秀。

通(tong)山為林(lin)木花草覆(fu)蓋，蓊(weng)郁(yu)繽紛，四季長(chang)(chang)青(qing)，恰如綠色的海洋。原始森林(lin)、天(tian)然次生林(lin)和(he)人工林(lin)，針闊葉種類(lei)繁(fan)多，高、低交錯互生，橫無際涯，遮天(tian)蔽日，1993年(nian)被河南省政府(fu)批準為森林(lin)公園。龍(long)潭寺側，中原馬尾松(song)王(wang)樹高百(bai)尺，直插云霄(xiao)；萬僧(seng)寺中，千(qian)年(nian)銀杏一(yi)(yi)雌一(yi)(yi)雄，樹冠交合，形(xing)同(tong)夫(fu)妻(qi)。數株千(qian)年(nian)大橡(xiang)樹和(he)張良廟千(qian)年(nian)柿樹，一(yi)(yi)樹一(yi)(yi)景，姿(zi)態各(ge)異。同(tong)時，密林(lin)深(shen)處棲息著狼、獾、野豬 、金錢(qian)豹、大靈貓、青(qing)羊、麝、天(tian)鵝、勺雞(ji)、白冠長(chang)(chang)尾雉、蜂鳥(niao)、大鯢、果子貍等多種動(dong)物，又有“天(tian)然動(dong)植物園”之譽。

白(bai)(bai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)物華而天(tian)寶。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)品種眾多，分(fen)布廣泛(fan)。民間有(you)(you)“從山(shan)(shan)上到平(ping)坡，除了白(bai)(bai)草都是藥(yao)(yao)”的(de)說法。據有(you)(you)關部門普查(cha)，白(bai)(bai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)各類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)698種，分(fen)153科，計583屬。全國重(zhong)點普查(cha)的(de)363個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)品種中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，白(bai)(bai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)出產(chan)192種。在河南(nan)(nan)(nan)重(zhong)點普查(cha)的(de)476個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)品種中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，白(bai)(bai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)出產(chan)273種。優質(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)(you)射干(gan)(gan)、桔梗、柴胡、丹參(can)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)楂(zha)、蒼術等(deng)，大宗藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)(you)夏枯草、南(nan)(nan)(nan)沙參(can)、半枝蓮、益(yi)母草、金銀花、馬鞭草等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，射干(gan)(gan)、桔梗以(yi)量大質(zhi)優成為北京同仁藥(yao)(yao)店藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)。1982年，河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省醫藥(yao)(yao)總公司確定泌(mi)陽為射干(gan)(gan)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)縣。白(bai)(bai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)畜(chu)牧(mu)養(yang)殖(zhi)條(tiao)件得天(tian)獨(du)厚，是南(nan)(nan)(nan)陽黃牛(niu)繁(fan)育基(ji)地(di)之一，是泌(mi)陽驢的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心產(chan)地(di)。

白(bai)云山(shan)廣(guang)泛分布著白(bai)貌垛祖師(shi)廟(miao)、老爺廟(miao)、張良(liang)廟(miao)、萬僧(seng)寺、老崇寺、羅(luo)漢寺、龍潭寺和北泉寺等眾多古寺廟(miao)，星羅(luo)棋(qi)布著棋(qi)盤嶺、龍頭崖、龍椅(yi)、龍印、石(shi)船、十(shi)八扭、神(shen)仙拉(la)車、紗帽石(shi)、蛇(she)頭石(shi)等諸多神(shen)奇景觀(guan)。城(cheng)頂(ding)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、闖王寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、大(da)頂(ding)山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、臺山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)相(xiang)連(lian)；火龍洞(dong)(dong)、羅(luo)漢洞(dong)(dong)、臺山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)、神(shen)仙洞(dong)(dong)，洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)溝通。這(zhe)里是(shi)神(shen)奇的仙境(jing)，是(shi)人間的天堂(tang)。