鄱陽湖國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園包含(han)烏金(jin)汊景區,白沙洲景區和大草原景區。濕(shi)地資源類型眾(zhong)多,極具代表性。薈萃可(ke)鄱陽湖水,鳥,草,魚等自然精華。
鄱陽湖四季美景交替,日月輪轉,湖上美景各不相同,白看不厭。豐水季節煙波浩淼,氣勢磅礴,枯水季節水落灘出,蘆荻飛舞,每年11月至次年4月,世界98%的珍惜候鳥種群會相繼來此越冬,繁衍生息,場景蔚為壯觀。在鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園,游(you)客可以暢游(you)美麗湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo),盡享水上激情(qing),遨游(you)湖(hu)(hu)底(di)草原(yuan),觀賞候鳥奇(qi)觀,品(pin)嘗特色(se)湖(hu)(hu)鮮,體驗湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)文明,忘記都市(shi)喧囂(xiao),做(zuo)回大自然的孩(hai)子。
鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)人民與鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖結(jie)下了(le)(le)不(bu)解之緣(yuan),老百(bai)姓的(de)(de)血管里面都浸透了(le)(le)鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖的(de)(de)歷史(shi)和文化(hua)。百(bai)萬鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人民長期以來撒網打(da)漁,以湖為生(sheng);筑屋湖濱,以湖為家(jia);退田還湖,以湖為友;在抗洪搶(qiang)險當中,以湖為敵。在千百(bai)年的(de)(de)航運(yun)史(shi)上,鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)興衰(shuai)與鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖息息相關(guan),有血有淚也有笑。在水運(yun)非常繁榮的(de)(de)時(shi)候,鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)富甲天下,可(ke)以說(shuo)是江南富饒的(de)(de)縣(xian)之一,饒州就是富饒之州。但隨著公路、鐵(tie)路的(de)(de)興起(qi),水運(yun)的(de)(de)衰(shuai)落,鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)經過了(le)(le)陣痛(tong),失去(qu)了(le)(le)原來的(de)(de)區位優勢。在鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)興衰(shuai)的(de)(de)過程當中,逐(zhu)漸形成了(le)(le)四種文化(hua),成為了(le)(le)鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖文化(hua)典型的(de)(de)代表。
景區(qu)先后被評(ping)為:國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)4A級景區(qu)、江西(xi)省新(xin)旅(lv)游(you)(you)景區(qu)、江西(xi)省先進旅(lv)游(you)(you)景區(qu)、長江濕(shi)地(di)(di)保護(hu)網(wang)絡(luo)自然(ran)學校(xiao)、全國(guo)(guo)科普教育示范基地(di)(di)、全球生(sheng)命湖(hu)泊佳保護(hu)實(shi)踐獎、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點建設(she)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)(you)示范區(qu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級休(xiu)閑(xian)漁業(ye)示范基地(di)(di)、全國(guo)(guo)濕(shi)地(di)(di)旅(lv)游(you)(you)示范區(qu)、美麗中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)·魅力(li)濕(shi)地(di)(di)特別關注獎等(deng)榮譽稱號。
是內珠(zhu)湖(hu)較高的一座山峰,海拔83米,398個臺階。因其非常像(xiang)農(nong)民、漁夫勞作時戴在頭上的斗(dou)笠而得(de)名。
高三十米,用全(quan)銅打造。饒(rao)娥為鄱陽人(ren),是中國古代十二大烈(lie)女(nv)當中的孝女(nv)。后人(ren)敬(jing)稱饒(rao)娥為“鄱湖女(nv)神”。
是(shi)一(yi)條延綿五六公里的(de)山(shan)脈,因其整體(ti)像一(yi)條張嘴(zui)大(da)吼的(de)龍二得名(ming)。陳友諒與朱元(yuan)璋大(da)戰鄱陽湖時,朱元(yuan)璋的(de)軍隊就(jiu)駐扎在(zai)此地(di)。龍吼山(shan)山(shan)上有(you)個洪門城堡的(de)遺址,為淮王(wang)朱瞻墺所建(jian)。
也被稱(cheng)為(wei)黃(huang)溪山(shan)。黃(huang)溪山(shan)原來(lai)有一座廟,供奉南海觀(guan)世音(yin)菩薩,四季(ji)香(xiang)火旺(wang)盛。和尚在(zai)山(shan)上栽種(zhong)了很多果樹。1036年,范仲淹貶任饒州(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou),慕名(ming)來(lai)到這里。如今(jin)的黃(huang)溪山(shan)是鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的天堂,鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的樂園。鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)島(dao)上共有30余種(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類,尤其(qi)以鷺(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)較(jiao)多。據(ju)觀(guan)察,僅鷺(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)就有9種(zhong)。他(ta)們是小白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、中(zhong)白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、大白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、夜(ye)鷺(lu)(lu)、池(chi)鷺(lu)(lu)、蒼鷺(lu)(lu)、草鷺(lu)(lu)、牛(niu)背鷺(lu)(lu)、白(bai)琵鷺(lu)(lu)。
依畔(pan)水生植物園,自(zi)然生存在濕(shi)地環境中。包(bao)括(kuo)丹頂(ding)鶴(he)4只(zhi)(zhi)、東方白鸛2只(zhi)(zhi)、白鶴(he)1只(zhi)(zhi)、灰(hui)鶴(he)4只(zhi)(zhi)、蓑羽(yu)鶴(he)80只(zhi)(zhi)。鶴(he)的(de)自(zi)然壽命很長(chang)(chang),可以活到50、60歲,是長(chang)(chang)壽動物。訓練的(de)鶴(he)可以表(biao)演(yan)舞蹈,給(gei)人按摩。CCTV在多(duo)次(ci)來此錄制節目(mu)。
是(shi)鄱陽湖國家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)園重要組成部分,也是(shi)中國唯(wei)一的濕地(di)科學(xue)館。整個建筑(zhu)共分兩層(ceng),建筑(zhu)總面積為3300平(ping)方米,展覽(lan)面積1800平(ping)方米 。
在天(tian)鵝湖(hu)中人工(gong)馴養候鳥包括丹頂鶴、東方白鸛(guan)、蓑(suo)羽鶴、大白天(tian)鵝、灰天(tian)鵝等,豐富了(le)鄱陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖(hu)珍稀候鳥種群,完善鄱陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖(hu)生態資源結構(gou),也為珍稀動物研究提(ti)供物種資源,并(bing)為科普教育(yu)提(ti)供了(le)真實案(an)例。所有珍禽在天(tian)鵝湖(hu)中常年(nian)(nian)生活和表演,并(bing)繁育(yu)后代,進一步恢復鄱陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖(hu)濕(shi)地鳥類(lei)種群結構(gou)。天(tian)鵝繁育(yu)及領養也是該(gai)項目(mu)的一大特色。2011年(nian)(nian)4月在孵(fu)(fu)化(hua)樓孵(fu)(fu)人工(gong)化(hua)出鄱陽(yang)(yang)(yang)湖(hu)國家濕(shi)地公園第(di)一批候鳥——24只(zhi)灰天(tian)鵝。
是半潛(qian)式玻璃欄桿結(jie)構,人在水(shui)下走,魚(yu)在水(shui)中游,零距離體驗鄱(po)陽湖(hu)魚(yu)類的多(duo)樣性。
站在(zai)觀湖(hu)平臺上觀看鄱陽湖(hu)國家濕地公園,共100平方(fang)公里。
生態環境(jing)良好,夏天晚上沒(mei)有(you)蚊子(zi)。村子(zi)里面有(you)一座保存完(wan)好明代寺廟(miao)永青殿,距(ju)今有(you)四百年的歷史。里面供奉的是(shi)湖神萬法祖師,當地的漁民捕魚前都會祭祀萬法祖師,保佑自己平安歸(gui)來。
又被稱為“鄱陽(yang)湖草(cao)海”。傳說這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)原先是(shi)一個(ge)幾(ji)十戶人家的小(xiao)村(cun)(cun)莊(zhuang),因洲(zhou)上(shang)(shang)土壤肥沃,村(cun)(cun)子的四周(zhou)種了(le)很多芝麻,家家都有磨香油(you)的油(you)坊,因此(ci)得名(ming)香油(you)洲(zhou)。另一種說法是(shi),豐水期時,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)的草(cao)被肥沃的淤泥淹沒了(le),等(deng)枯水期時,草(cao)慢(man)慢(man)發芽生長,有的草(cao)高可達1.5米,在陽(yang)光(guang)的照射下(xia),熠熠發光(guang),上(shang)(shang)面就(jiu)像浮了(le)一層油(you),并(bing)伴有濃郁(yu)的清香味,因此(ci)就(jiu)叫(jiao)香油(you)洲(zhou)。
90元(大門票(piao)+內湖船(chuan)票(piao))
飛機:
南昌/九江/上(shang)饒機(ji)場——城(cheng)市長途客車——鄱(po)陽(yang)縣——乘(cheng)坐旅游大巴(ba)——鄱(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)國家濕地公園景(jing)區
火車:
九(jiu)江站——城市長(chang)途客運站——鄱(po)陽(yang)縣——鄱(po)陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園(yuan)
高鐵:
田畈街站(zhan)——鄱陽湖國家濕地公園
自駕:
1、南昌出發:
從南昌(chang)市出(chu)發——沿昌(chang)東南樞(shu)紐朝(chao)鷹潭方向行駛——德昌(chang)高速——鄱(po)陽珠(zhu)湖(hu)收費站出(chu)口——經(jing)鄱(po)陽縣城——鄱(po)陽湖(hu)國家濕地公園烏金汊(cha)游客服務中心。
2、上(shang)饒市(shi)或鷹潭出(chu)發:
沿鷹(ying)潭樞(shu)紐——景鷹(ying)高速——鄱陽(yang)蘆田出(chu)口——經(jing)鄱陽(yang)縣城(cheng)——鄱陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地公(gong)園烏(wu)金汊游客服(fu)務中心。
3、九江市或景德(de)鎮出發:
沿杭瑞(rui)高速九景(jing)段——鄱陽田畈街經鄱陽縣城——鄱陽湖國(guo)家濕地公園烏金汊游客服(fu)務中心。
縣內交通:
1、在縣城(cheng)內乘坐(zuo)出租車到鄱陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園,車程15分鐘,費用(yong)大概50元(yuan)左(zuo)右。
2、在縣(xian)城(cheng)汽(qi)車站(zhan)乘(cheng)坐團林-鄱陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地公園中巴車,坐到終(zhong)點站(zhan)下車即(ji)到。車程20分鐘左右,費用10元。
公園(yuan)位于東南(nan)地(di)洼區贛桂地(di)洼系東北端。元古(gu)代起進入地(di)槽階段。震旦紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后期(qi)地(di)槽封閉為陸臺。志留紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)至下泥盆紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),形(xing)成了(le)北北東——南(nan)南(nan)西(xi)向褶皺狀山(shan)脈。石炭紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)至二疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼(ke)(ke)下降。二疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)末(mo)、三疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)初,海西(xi)運動發(fa)生。三疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong),南(nan)部(bu)、中(zhong)部(bu)下沉,形(xing)成砂頁巖(yan)含煤建造。侏羅紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)末(mo),發(fa)生燕(yan)山(shan)運動,伴隨(sui)激烈的火成巖(yan)活(huo)動。白(bai)堊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開始,地(di)殼(ke)(ke)活(huo)動更加強(qiang)烈,西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)急速下降,末(mo)期(qi)燕(yan)山(shan)運動結束(shu),地(di)殼(ke)(ke)又急速上(shang)升,至第四(si)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼(ke)(ke)活(huo)動以升降為主,湖(hu)濱(bin)及各支(zhi)流堆積不(bu)等的沖(chong)積、淤(yu)積層。各期(qi)地(di)層,除古(gu)代部(bu)分缺(que)失外,均有出露(lu)。
公園(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)低(di)山、丘陵(ling)和(he)(he)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)組成(cheng)。西南角(jiao)低(di),為(wei)鄱陽(yang)湖盆地。以高(gao)程(cheng)和(he)(he)成(cheng)因為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)依據,公園(yuan)地貌(mao)具體分為(wei)三類:構造剝蝕低(di)山丘陵(ling)區高(gao)程(cheng)在100~200米(mi)之間,高(gao)峰為(wei)尖(jian)頂(ding)峰,海拔124.8米(mi);侵蝕剝蝕壟崗區高(gao)程(cheng)在50~100米(mi)之間,巖底有變質(zhi)巖、沉積巖、紅(hong)色砂巖三種(zhong);堆積平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)程(cheng)在50米(mi)以下,包括(kuo)河谷(gu)沖積平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)、三角(jiao)洲平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)、淤積平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)三種(zhong)。
土壤質地:
公園屬(shu)于鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)盆地,是(shi)江(jiang)西第四系沉積中心,以河流、湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)相沉積為主,沉積物粒度總(zong)的趨勢是(shi)自下而上由(you)粗變細。一般厚(hou)(hou)度變化規律是(shi)河谷向湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)增大,厚(hou)(hou)度約為30~40米,在三角洲前(qian)緣可達76米。區(qu)(qu)內基本(ben)為三角洲平原,主要(yao)分布(bu)比較均一的壤土質(zhi)地。
土壤類型與分布:
公園內主(zhu)要(yao)發育有(you)(you)5種(zhong)土(tu)壤類型:紅壤(棕紅壤)、水稻(dao)土(tu)、黃褐土(tu)、沖積土(tu)和潮土(tu)(濕潮土(tu)),其分(fen)布與高程(cheng)和微地形(xing)有(you)(you)關,由湖岸向湖心成帶(dai)狀分(fen)異(yi)基礎上的鑲(xiang)嵌分(fen)布。
公園地處亞(ya)熱帶地區,氣候溫和(he),雨量充沛,四季分明,日照充足,無(wu)霜(shuang)期長。
(1)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen):年均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)16.9℃~17.7℃之(zhi)間(jian)。七(qi)月(yue)份(fen)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)最(zui)高(gao),平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)29.6℃,極端最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39.7℃;一月(yue)份(fen)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)最(zui)低,平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5.0℃,極端最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為-13.3℃。
(2)日(ri)照:濕地公園屬(shu)光(guang)資(zi)源豐富的地區。年平(ping)均日(ri)照時(shi)數達2000小時(shi)以(yi)上,日(ri)照百分率平(ping)均為40%以(yi)上。日(ri)照最多月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)為7~8月(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)照最少月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)為2~3月(yue)(yue)(yue),太(tai)陽輻射量年平(ping)均115.6千卡/平(ping)方厘米。
(3)風(feng)(feng):冬季(ji)受(shou)大(da)陸高壓(ya)影響,地(di)面(mian)多為(wei)(wei)偏(pian)(pian)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)。夏季(ji)受(shou)副熱(re)帶高壓(ya)控制,偶有(you)臺風(feng)(feng)影響,地(di)面(mian)多偏(pian)(pian)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)。春(chun)秋為(wei)(wei)過渡(du)性季(ji)節,偏(pian)(pian)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)和偏(pian)(pian)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)可(ke)以互見,但以東北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)主,西北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)也時有(you)可(ke)見。平均風(feng)(feng)速3.0米/秒(miao)(miao),最(zui)大(da)風(feng)(feng)速為(wei)(wei)30米/秒(miao)(miao),各月風(feng)(feng)速2.5~3.7米/秒(miao)(miao)。年(nian)平均大(da)風(feng)(feng)日數9.7日。
(4)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu):降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)受季風氣(qi)候的影響,夏季明顯(xian)多于冬季。年平均降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量1600毫米。降(jiang)(jiang)水量年際變化(hua)大,降(jiang)(jiang)水季節也差(cha)異很大。年平均降(jiang)(jiang)水日為(wei)140.9天。
(5)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong):霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)有早(zao)(zao)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)、晚(wan)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong),10月到11月出現的(de)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)為早(zao)(zao)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong),3、4月出現的(de)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)為晚(wan)霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)。平均(jun)無霜(shuang)期為274.5天
公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)被具(ju)有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類豐富、地(di)(di)(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)復(fu)雜多樣、廣布(bu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)繁多的(de)特(te)點(dian)。據不完全統計,共有維管(guan)束濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)141種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)43科(ke)(ke),99屬(shu)。其中蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)38科(ke)(ke)92屬(shu)134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以菊科(ke)(ke)(Compositae)、禾本科(ke)(ke)(Gramineae)、莎(sha)草(cao)科(ke)(ke)(Cyperaceae)為優勢科(ke)(ke)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園內(nei)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別占江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)維管(guan)束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)數(shu)、總(zong)屬(shu)數(shu)、總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)41.18%、34.74%、23.23%。在141種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,有浮水植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),沉(chen)(chen)水植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),挺(ting)水植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),濕(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)94種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),浮水、沉(chen)(chen)水、挺(ting)水和濕(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)11.35%、8.51%、13.48%和66.66%。這些數(shu)據充分(fen)說明了(le)鄱陽湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類豐富的(de)特(te)點(dian),也表明該濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園所在區也是江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)較豐富的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區之一。
通(tong)過實地調查和原始(shi)資料的(de)整理,在公園先后(hou)發(fa)現野生脊椎動(dong)物共計249種(zhong),隸(li)屬于33目77科,其種(zhong)數(shu)為江西已知脊椎動(dong)物總(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)29.0%。其中列(lie)為國家(jia)(jia)(jia)一級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)野生動(dong)物4種(zhong),國家(jia)(jia)(jia)二級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)野生動(dong)物17種(zhong),占江西省國家(jia)(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物總(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)24.4%;省級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物63種(zhong),占總(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)56.8%。
魚類:
魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有6目14科(ke)68種(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)占江(jiang)西已(yi)知魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的33.2%。魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中以(yi)鯉(li)科(ke)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)主,種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)約占56.0%,經濟魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)約占總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的81.4%。如鯉(li)、鯽、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、餐條(tiao)、鳊、紅(hong)鰭鲌、鰱、鳙(yong)(yong)、黃(huang)(huang)尾鲴、翹嘴紅(hong)鲌、泥鰍(qiu)、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)(huang)顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、胡(hu)子鯰(nian)、烏鱧、鱖等。鄱陽湖國(guo)家濕地公園內的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)從生(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型劃分,絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)屬廣布性(xing)(xing)緩水流魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和靜(jing)水魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),如鯉(li)、鯽、鳊、魴、鰱、鳙(yong)(yong)等。以(yi)食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)劃分,調(diao)查所獲的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中,草(cao)食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong),占8.8%;雜食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)44種(zhong)(zhong),占64.7%;肉食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)18種(zhong)(zhong),占26.5%,雜食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)占大(da)多(duo)數(shu),草(cao)食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)所占比例(li)較小,肉食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)不僅種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)增加(jia),而且數(shu)量較以(yi)前(qian)增多(duo)。有長吻(wen)(wen)鮠、鰻鱺、暗紋東方鲀、吻(wen)(wen)鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)江(jiang)西省(sheng)重點保護野生(sheng)動物。經濟價值(zhi)較高而且產量較大(da)的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鰱魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鳙(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍(qiu)、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)(huang)鱔、黃(huang)(huang)顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鱖、鰻鱺等。
兩棲動物:
兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)物有(you)(you)2目7科(ke)(ke)12種,其(qi)(qi)種數為(wei)江西(xi)已知兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)物的30.8%。其(qi)(qi)中蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)種類最(zui)多有(you)(you)為(wei)1屬7種,約占58.3%,鋤足蟾科(ke)(ke)、蟾蜍(chu)科(ke)(ke)、樹蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)、雨蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)和姬蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)均為(wei)1屬1種,各占8.3%,無尾(wei)目共有(you)(you)6科(ke)(ke)6屬12種。其(qi)(qi)中國家二級重點(dian)保護兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)物1種,即虎紋(wen)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),國家保護的有(you)(you)益的或(huo)者有(you)(you)重要經濟、科(ke)(ke)學研究價(jia)值的陸生野(ye)生動(dong)物11種,即東方(fang)蠑螈、淡(dan)肩角蟾、中華大蟾蜍(chu)、日(ri)本林蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、黑(hei)斑(ban)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、沼蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、澤(ze)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、金線蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、大樹蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、中國雨蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)和飾紋(wen)姬蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa);其(qi)(qi)中東方(fang)蠑螈、中華大蟾蜍(chu)和黑(hei)斑(ban)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)還是(shi)江西(xi)省重點(dian)保護野(ye)生動(dong)物。
爬行動物:
爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)2目(mu)(mu)8科(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數為(wei)(wei)江西已知爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)30.4%。其(qi)(qi)中龜(gui)鱉目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括龜(gui)科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)鱉科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)地爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)4.2%。有(you)鱗目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)(ke)19屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中游(you)蛇(she)(she)科(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類最多,有(you)11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)地爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)54.2%;石龍子科(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)12.5%;眼鏡蛇(she)(she)科(ke)(ke)和蝰科(ke)(ke)均為(wei)(wei)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)8.3%;壁虎科(ke)(ke)、蜥蜴科(ke)(ke)均為(wei)(wei)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)4.2%。所有(you)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)均已列(lie)(lie)入國家保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)者有(you)重要經濟、科(ke)(ke)學研究(jiu)價值的(de)(de)(de)陸生野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)名錄。此外,中華鱉、王錦蛇(she)(she)、黑眉錦蛇(she)(she)、灰(hui)鼠蛇(she)(she)、烏梢蛇(she)(she)、銀環蛇(she)(she)、舟(zhou)山眼鏡蛇(she)(she)還被(bei)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)江西省(sheng)重點保護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)。
哺乳動物:
哺乳(ru)動(dong)物有6目(mu)(mu)7科(ke)(ke)13種(zhong)(zhong),其種(zhong)(zhong)數為(wei)江西已知哺乳(ru)動(dong)物的(de)(de)(de)12.4%。其中(zhong)食(shi)蟲目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(猬科(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)當地哺乳(ru)動(dong)物總(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)7.7%;兔形目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(兔科(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)7.7%;翼手目(mu)(mu)(蝙蝠科(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)15.4%;嚙(nie)齒(chi)目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括(kuo)松鼠(shu)(shu)科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)7.7%,鼠(shu)(shu)科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)38.5%;食(shi)肉目(mu)(mu)(鼬(you)科(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)15.4%;偶蹄目(mu)(mu)(豬科(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)7.7%。其中(zhong)黃鼬(you)、被(bei)列為(wei)瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物國(guo)際貿易公約附錄三保(bao)護物種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)有益的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)者有重要經濟、科(ke)(ke)學研究價值的(de)(de)(de)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物5種(zhong)(zhong),即(ji)華(hua)南兔、隱紋花松鼠(shu)(shu)、黃鼬(you)、鼬(you)獾、野豬;其中(zhong)黃鼬(you)、鼬(you)獾還(huan)被(bei)列為(wei)江西省(sheng)重點(dian)保(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物。
公園有鳥類17目41科86屬132種,其種數為江西已知鳥(niao)類的30.6%。其中鸊鷉目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)該(gai)地鳥(niao)類總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的1.5%;鵜形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;鸛(guan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)8.3%;雁形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)13.6%;隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)4.5%;雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;鶴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)8.3%;鴴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)10.6%;鷗形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)2.3%;鴿(ge)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)1.5%;鵑形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)3.0%;鸮形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)3.0%;夜鷹(ying)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;雨燕(yan)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;佛法僧目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)3.0%;鴷(lie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)1.5%;雀(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)17科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)36.4%。
國家(jia)(jia)(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、國家(jia)(jia)(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、國家(jia)(jia)(jia)“三有”保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)83種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);省(sheng)級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國際貿易公約保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鄱陽(yang)湖國家(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園有不少中(zhong)國與(yu)日本(ben)、中(zhong)國與(yu)澳大(da)利亞共(gong)同保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)候鳥(niao)(niao),列入(ru)中(zhong)日保(bao)(bao)護(hu)協定的(de)(de)有55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列入(ru)中(zhong)澳保(bao)(bao)護(hu)協定的(de)(de)有14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這里聚集了世界上98%的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)候鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群,一到冬(dong)天(tian)98%的(de)(de)白鶴(he)與(yu)數(shu)十(shi)萬的(de)(de)天(tian)鵝(e)會選(xuan)擇到鄱陽(yang)湖越(yue)冬(dong)
白糖糕:一圈圈的(de)糕顏色(se)呈半透(tou)明(ming)晶瑩的(de)白、口感酥松而且軟糯,上面(mian)放(fang)的(de)卻不是白糖,白糖是和在粉(fen)里面(mian)的(de)。
螺螄:任何大排檔必備。
煎餅:煎(jian)餅的(de)味道有點像油條,有韭菜豆干(gan)餡和蘿卜絲餡。
米餃子:餃子的特點(dian)是(shi)皮薄餡(xian)嫩,味道鮮美,形狀(zhuang)獨特。
米粉:有煮粉(fen)(fen)、炒(chao)粉(fen)(fen)、拌(ban)粉(fen)(fen)等,各有各的特色及風味。
油炸粑:一個面盆,面盆里(li)是(shi)米粉糊。往往還會配上韭菜餡的餃子一起賣。
春鲇:鲇魚因有涎遍布(bu)全身,腥滑粘膩而得名。做(zuo)為底層魚類,喜性葷(hun)食,常棲深水(shui)污(wu)泥之中。
夏鯉:鯉為廣食性魚類(lei)。鯉為吉祥的象征(zheng),“鯉魚跳龍門(men)”,使鯉在人們眼中有著升騰的隱(yin)喻,年節婚慶,紅(hong)白喜事(shi),都喜歡以鯉魚入席(xi)。
秋鱖:在(zai)一些地區,因(yin)為唐(tang)人(ren)張(zhang)志(zhi)和"桃花流(liu)水鱖魚肥"的詩而有(you)了歧誤(wu),認為鱖魚是春時的寵食。而積累幾千(qian)年食魚歷(li)史(shi)的鄱陽人(ren),根(gen)據魚的生長習性斷言,此魚秋天吃食是最佳季(ji)節(jie)。
冬鳊:鳊魚的(de)(de)(de)正名叫魴(fang),肉嫩味美,有調(diao)胃氣,利五臟,去胃風、消(xiao)谷的(de)(de)(de)功效,有益(yi)于人(ren)體在(zai)冬天的(de)(de)(de)養護。
銀魚:古稱膾殘魚,又名白小。鄱陽銀魚肉質細嫩,味道鮮美(mei)。而“繡花針”肥(fei)度(du)不(bu)夠,干癟(bie)味(wei)淡;“面條”肉老筋硬,入口不(bu)適。銀魚(yu)是極富鈣質的魚(yu)類(lei),營(ying)養學家將(jiang)它(ta)列(lie)為(wei)長壽(shou)食品。
鰻鱺:又稱白鱔,簡稱鰻(man),洄游(you)性魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)。此魚(yu)(yu)在秋季游(you)入深海(hai)產(chan)卵,幼(you)魚(yu)(yu)變態后,進入淡水生長(chang)。形狀(zhuang)如蛇,肉鬣連尾,無鱗(lin)有(you)舌,大者長(chang)數尺。肉嫩如豆腐,味美似河(he)豚(tun),為葷(hun)食屬性魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)。
鱭:俗名鳳尾、刨花魚,是名貴(gui)的經(jing)濟魚類(lei),食用歷史悠久。
線路一:烏(wu)金汊游(you)(you)客服務中心——龜腦山(shan)——瓢里(li)山(shan)——龍吼山(shan)——鶴園——鄱陽湖(hu)濕地科學館——水生植物園——天(tian)鵝之家——觀(guan)湖(hu)長(chang)廊——落雁(yan)臺——麋(mi)鹿苑——二號(hao)天(tian)橋——返程碼(ma)頭(內湖(hu)游(you)(you)覽線(xian)路)
線路二:烏(wu)金(jin)汊(cha)游(you)客服務中心——龜(gui)腦山(shan)——瓢里(li)山(shan)——龍吼山(shan)——鶴園(yuan)——鄱陽(yang)湖濕地科學館——水(shui)生植物園(yuan)——天(tian)鵝之家——觀湖長(chang)廊——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二(er)號天(tian)橋(qiao)——乘車至店前渡口——大(da)草原景(jing)區——香油州(內(nei)外(wai)湖游(you)覽線路)
線路三:白沙洲濕地科學園檢票口——鶴園——鄱陽(yang)湖濕地科學館——水生植(zhi)物園——天鵝之家——觀湖長廊——落雁臺——麋鹿(lu)苑——二號天橋——乘車至店前(qian)渡口——大草原景區——香油州(外(wai)湖游覽(lan)線路)