鄱(po)陽湖國家濕地公園包含烏金(jin)汊景(jing)區,白沙洲景(jing)區和大草原景(jing)區。濕地資源類(lei)型眾多,極具代表性。薈萃(cui)可(ke)鄱(po)陽湖水,鳥,草,魚等自然精華(hua)。
鄱陽湖四季美景交替,日月輪轉,湖上美景各不相同,白看不厭。豐水季節煙波浩淼,氣勢磅礴,枯水季節水落灘出,蘆荻飛舞,每年11月至次年4月,世界98%的珍惜候鳥種群會相繼來此越冬,繁衍生息,場景蔚為壯觀。在(zai)鄱陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園,游(you)客可以暢游(you)美麗湖泊,盡享水上激(ji)情,遨游(you)湖底草原,觀(guan)賞候鳥奇觀(guan),品(pin)嘗特色湖鮮,體驗(yan)湖泊文明,忘(wang)記都市喧囂,做回大自然的(de)孩子。
鄱(po)(po)陽縣(xian)人民與鄱(po)(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)結下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)不解之緣,老百姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血管里面都(dou)浸透了(le)(le)(le)鄱(po)(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史和文化(hua)。百萬(wan)鄱(po)(po)陽人民長(chang)期以(yi)來(lai)撒網打漁,以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)生;筑屋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濱,以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)家;退田還湖(hu)(hu)(hu),以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)友;在(zai)(zai)(zai)抗洪搶險當中,以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)敵(di)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)千(qian)百年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)航運史上,鄱(po)(po)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興衰(shuai)(shuai)與鄱(po)(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)息息相關(guan),有血有淚也有笑。在(zai)(zai)(zai)水運非常繁榮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候,鄱(po)(po)陽富甲天下(xia),可以(yi)說是江(jiang)南富饒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)之一,饒州就(jiu)是富饒之州。但隨著公路(lu)、鐵路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起,水運的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰(shuai)(shuai)落,鄱(po)(po)陽經(jing)過了(le)(le)(le)陣痛,失去了(le)(le)(le)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區位優勢。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鄱(po)(po)陽興衰(shuai)(shuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程當中,逐漸形成了(le)(le)(le)四種文化(hua),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)鄱(po)(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)文化(hua)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表。
景區(qu)先后(hou)被評(ping)為:國家級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園、國家4A級(ji)景區(qu)、江西省新旅(lv)(lv)游景區(qu)、江西省先進旅(lv)(lv)游景區(qu)、長(chang)江濕(shi)(shi)地(di)保護網絡自然學校、全國科普教育(yu)示(shi)(shi)范基地(di)、全球生(sheng)命(ming)湖泊佳保護實踐獎、國家重點建設濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園、國家級(ji)生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)、國家級(ji)休閑漁業示(shi)(shi)范基地(di)、全國濕(shi)(shi)地(di)旅(lv)(lv)游示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)、美(mei)麗中國·魅力濕(shi)(shi)地(di)特別(bie)關(guan)注獎等(deng)榮(rong)譽稱號。
是內珠湖較高的一座山峰,海拔83米,398個臺階(jie)。因其非常像農民(min)、漁夫勞作時戴在頭上的斗笠而得(de)名。
高三十(shi)(shi)米,用全銅打造。饒娥為(wei)鄱(po)陽人,是中(zhong)國古代十(shi)(shi)二大烈女當(dang)中(zhong)的孝女。后(hou)人敬稱饒娥為(wei)“鄱(po)湖女神(shen)”。
是一(yi)條延綿五六(liu)公里的山脈,因其整體像(xiang)一(yi)條張嘴大吼的龍(long)二(er)得名。陳友諒與(yu)朱元璋大戰鄱陽湖時,朱元璋的軍隊就駐扎(zha)在此地。龍(long)吼山山上有(you)個洪門城(cheng)堡的遺址,為淮王朱瞻墺所建(jian)。
也(ye)被稱為黃溪山(shan)。黃溪山(shan)原(yuan)來有一座廟,供(gong)奉南海觀(guan)(guan)世音(yin)菩薩,四季(ji)香火旺盛。和尚在(zai)山(shan)上(shang)栽種(zhong)了很多果(guo)樹。1036年,范仲淹貶任(ren)饒州知(zhi)州,慕名來到這里。如今的(de)黃溪山(shan)是鳥(niao)的(de)天堂,鳥(niao)的(de)樂園。鳥(niao)島上(shang)共有30余種(zhong)鳥(niao)類,尤其以鷺(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)較(jiao)多。據(ju)觀(guan)(guan)察,僅鷺(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)就有9種(zhong)。他們(men)是小白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、中白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、大白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、夜鷺(lu)(lu)、池鷺(lu)(lu)、蒼鷺(lu)(lu)、草鷺(lu)(lu)、牛(niu)背鷺(lu)(lu)、白(bai)琵鷺(lu)(lu)。
依畔水生植物園(yuan),自(zi)然生存在(zai)濕地環(huan)境中。包括(kuo)丹頂鶴(he)(he)4只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、東方(fang)白(bai)鸛(guan)2只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、白(bai)鶴(he)(he)1只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、灰鶴(he)(he)4只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蓑羽鶴(he)(he)80只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。鶴(he)(he)的自(zi)然壽命很長(chang),可(ke)以(yi)活到(dao)50、60歲,是長(chang)壽動物。訓練的鶴(he)(he)可(ke)以(yi)表(biao)演舞蹈,給人按摩。CCTV在(zai)多次來此錄(lu)制節目。
是(shi)鄱陽湖國家濕地(di)公園重(zhong)要組成部分(fen),也是(shi)中國唯一(yi)的濕地(di)科(ke)學館。整個(ge)建筑共(gong)分(fen)兩層,建筑總(zong)面積為(wei)3300平方(fang)米,展覽面積1800平方(fang)米 。
在天鵝(e)(e)(e)湖中人工(gong)馴養候鳥包括丹頂鶴、東(dong)方白(bai)鸛、蓑羽(yu)鶴、大白(bai)天鵝(e)(e)(e)、灰天鵝(e)(e)(e)等,豐富了鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖珍(zhen)稀候鳥種(zhong)群,完善鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖生態(tai)資源結(jie)構(gou),也為(wei)珍(zhen)稀動物(wu)研究(jiu)提(ti)供(gong)物(wu)種(zhong)資源,并為(wei)科普教育提(ti)供(gong)了真(zhen)實案(an)例。所有珍(zhen)禽在天鵝(e)(e)(e)湖中常年生活和表演,并繁育后代,進一(yi)步恢復鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖濕地(di)鳥類種(zhong)群結(jie)構(gou)。天鵝(e)(e)(e)繁育及領養也是該項目的一(yi)大特色。2011年4月在孵化(hua)樓孵人工(gong)化(hua)出鄱(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖國家濕地(di)公園第一(yi)批候鳥——24只灰天鵝(e)(e)(e)。
是半潛式玻璃欄桿結構,人在(zai)水(shui)下走,魚在(zai)水(shui)中游,零距(ju)離體驗(yan)鄱陽湖魚類的多樣(yang)性。
站(zhan)在觀湖平(ping)臺上觀看鄱(po)陽湖國家(jia)濕地公園,共(gong)100平(ping)方公里。
生態環境良好(hao),夏天晚(wan)上沒有(you)(you)蚊子(zi)。村(cun)子(zi)里(li)面有(you)(you)一座保(bao)存(cun)完好(hao)明代寺廟永青殿,距(ju)今(jin)有(you)(you)四百年(nian)的歷(li)史。里(li)面供奉的是湖神(shen)萬法(fa)(fa)祖師(shi),當地(di)的漁民(min)捕魚前都會(hui)祭祀萬法(fa)(fa)祖師(shi),保(bao)佑自(zi)己平(ping)安歸來(lai)。
又被(bei)稱為(wei)“鄱陽湖草海”。傳(chuan)說(shuo)這里(li)原先(xian)是(shi)一(yi)個幾十戶人家(jia)的小村莊,因(yin)洲上土壤肥沃,村子的四周種(zhong)(zhong)了很多芝麻,家(jia)家(jia)都(dou)有磨香油的油坊,因(yin)此(ci)得名(ming)香油洲。另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)法是(shi),豐(feng)水(shui)期(qi)時(shi),這里(li)的草被(bei)肥沃的淤泥淹沒了,等枯(ku)水(shui)期(qi)時(shi),草慢(man)慢(man)發芽生長,有的草高可達1.5米,在陽光的照射下(xia),熠(yi)熠(yi)發光,上面就像(xiang)浮了一(yi)層(ceng)油,并伴有濃郁的清香味(wei),因(yin)此(ci)就叫香油洲。
90元(大門票(piao)+內(nei)湖船票(piao))
飛機:
南昌/九江(jiang)/上饒機(ji)場(chang)——城市長途客車——鄱陽縣——乘(cheng)坐旅游(you)大巴——鄱陽湖國家(jia)濕地公園景區
火車:
九江站——城市(shi)長途客運(yun)站——鄱(po)陽縣(xian)——鄱(po)陽湖(hu)國家濕地公園(yuan)
高鐵:
田畈街站(zhan)——鄱(po)陽湖(hu)國家濕地(di)公園
自駕:
1、南昌出發:
從南昌(chang)市出發——沿昌(chang)東南樞紐朝鷹潭方向(xiang)行駛——德昌(chang)高速——鄱(po)陽(yang)珠(zhu)湖收費站(zhan)出口——經鄱(po)陽(yang)縣城——鄱(po)陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園烏金汊(cha)游客服(fu)務中心。
2、上饒市(shi)或鷹潭出(chu)發(fa):
沿(yan)鷹潭樞紐——景鷹高速——鄱陽(yang)蘆(lu)田出口——經鄱陽(yang)縣城(cheng)——鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)國家濕地公園烏(wu)金(jin)汊游客服務中心。
3、九江市或景德鎮出發:
沿杭瑞高速(su)九景段(duan)——鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)田畈街經鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)縣城(cheng)——鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)湖國家(jia)濕地公園(yuan)烏金汊游(you)客(ke)服務中心。
縣內交通:
1、在縣城(cheng)內乘坐出租車(che)到鄱陽湖國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園,車(che)程15分鐘,費用大(da)概50元左右。
2、在縣城汽車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)乘(cheng)坐團林-鄱陽湖國家濕地公園中巴車(che)(che)(che),坐到終點站(zhan)下車(che)(che)(che)即到。車(che)(che)(che)程20分鐘左右(you),費用10元。
公園(yuan)位于東(dong)南(nan)地(di)洼區(qu)贛桂地(di)洼系(xi)東(dong)北端(duan)。元古代起進入地(di)槽階段。震旦(dan)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)后期地(di)槽封閉為陸臺。志留(liu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)至(zhi)下(xia)泥盆紀(ji)(ji)(ji),形成了北北東(dong)——南(nan)南(nan)西(xi)向褶皺狀山(shan)脈。石炭紀(ji)(ji)(ji)至(zhi)二(er)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)下(xia)降。二(er)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)末(mo)、三(san)(san)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)初(chu),海(hai)西(xi)運(yun)動(dong)發生。三(san)(san)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)中,南(nan)部、中部下(xia)沉,形成砂頁巖(yan)含煤建(jian)造。侏羅(luo)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)末(mo),發生燕山(shan)運(yun)動(dong),伴隨激烈的火成巖(yan)活(huo)動(dong)。白堊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)開始,地(di)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)活(huo)動(dong)更(geng)加強烈,西(xi)南(nan)部急速下(xia)降,末(mo)期燕山(shan)運(yun)動(dong)結束,地(di)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)又(you)急速上升(sheng),至(zhi)第四紀(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)活(huo)動(dong)以升(sheng)降為主,湖濱及各(ge)(ge)支流堆積不等的沖積、淤積層(ceng)(ceng)。各(ge)(ge)期地(di)層(ceng)(ceng),除古代部分缺失外,均有出露(lu)。
公園(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)要由低(di)山(shan)、丘陵和(he)平(ping)原(yuan)組成。西南角(jiao)低(di),為鄱(po)陽湖盆地。以高(gao)程和(he)成因為主(zhu)(zhu)要依據,公園(yuan)地貌具體(ti)分為三(san)類:構造剝蝕(shi)低(di)山(shan)丘陵區高(gao)程在100~200米之間(jian),高(gao)峰為尖(jian)頂峰,海拔124.8米;侵蝕(shi)剝蝕(shi)壟崗區高(gao)程在50~100米之間(jian),巖(yan)底有變質(zhi)巖(yan)、沉積(ji)巖(yan)、紅色砂巖(yan)三(san)種(zhong);堆積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)高(gao)程在50米以下(xia),包括(kuo)河谷沖積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)、三(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)平(ping)原(yuan)、淤(yu)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)三(san)種(zhong)。
土壤質地:
公(gong)園屬于鄱陽湖盆地(di),是(shi)江西第四系沉積(ji)中心,以河流、湖泊相沉積(ji)為主(zhu),沉積(ji)物粒度總(zong)的(de)趨勢是(shi)自(zi)下而上由(you)粗(cu)變(bian)細。一般厚度變(bian)化規律(lv)是(shi)河谷向湖區(qu)增(zeng)大,厚度約為30~40米,在三(san)角(jiao)洲前緣可達(da)76米。區(qu)內基本為三(san)角(jiao)洲平原,主(zhu)要分布比(bi)較均一的(de)壤土質地(di)。
土壤類型與分布:
公園內(nei)主要(yao)發育有(you)5種土壤(rang)類型(xing):紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(棕紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang))、水稻土、黃褐土、沖積(ji)土和潮土(濕潮土),其分布與高程(cheng)和微地形有(you)關,由湖岸向(xiang)湖心成帶狀分異基礎上的(de)鑲嵌(qian)分布。
公園(yuan)地(di)處亞熱帶地(di)區,氣候溫和,雨量充(chong)沛(pei),四(si)季(ji)分明,日照(zhao)充(chong)足,無霜期長。
(1)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen):年均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)16.9℃~17.7℃之間。七(qi)月份(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao),平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)29.6℃,極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39.7℃;一月份(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低,平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)5.0℃,極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)-13.3℃。
(2)日照(zhao):濕地公園屬光資源(yuan)豐富的(de)地區。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時數達2000小時以(yi)上,日照(zhao)百分率平(ping)均(jun)為40%以(yi)上。日照(zhao)最(zui)(zui)多月(yue)份為7~8月(yue),日照(zhao)最(zui)(zui)少月(yue)份為2~3月(yue),太陽(yang)輻射量年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)115.6千(qian)卡/平(ping)方(fang)厘米。
(3)風(feng):冬季(ji)受大(da)(da)陸高壓影(ying)響(xiang),地面多為偏(pian)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)。夏季(ji)受副熱帶高壓控制,偶有(you)(you)臺風(feng)影(ying)響(xiang),地面多偏(pian)南(nan)風(feng)。春秋為過(guo)渡性季(ji)節,偏(pian)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)和偏(pian)南(nan)風(feng)可(ke)以互(hu)見,但(dan)以東北(bei)(bei)風(feng)為主,西北(bei)(bei)風(feng)也時有(you)(you)可(ke)見。平(ping)均風(feng)速3.0米/秒,最大(da)(da)風(feng)速為30米/秒,各月風(feng)速2.5~3.7米/秒。年平(ping)均大(da)(da)風(feng)日數9.7日。
(4)降雨:降雨受季(ji)風氣候(hou)的影響(xiang),夏季(ji)明顯多于冬季(ji)。年平均(jun)降雨量(liang)1600毫米。降水(shui)量(liang)年際(ji)變(bian)化大,降水(shui)季(ji)節也差異很大。年平均(jun)降水(shui)日(ri)為140.9天(tian)。
(5)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong):霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)有早(zao)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)、晚(wan)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong),10月(yue)(yue)到11月(yue)(yue)出(chu)現的(de)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)為(wei)早(zao)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong),3、4月(yue)(yue)出(chu)現的(de)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)為(wei)晚(wan)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)。平(ping)均無霜(shuang)(shuang)期為(wei)274.5天
公園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)具(ju)有植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐富(fu)(fu)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)理成分復雜多樣、廣布植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)繁多的(de)特點。據(ju)不完全統計,共有維管束(shu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)141種(zhong),隸屬(shu)43科(ke),99屬(shu)。其中蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)5屬(shu)5種(zhong);裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong),被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)38科(ke)92屬(shu)134種(zhong),以菊(ju)科(ke)(Compositae)、禾本科(ke)(Gramineae)、莎草科(ke)(Cyperaceae)為(wei)優(you)勢科(ke)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園內的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分別占江西省濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總科(ke)數、總屬(shu)數、總種(zhong)數的(de)41.18%、34.74%、23.23%。在(zai)141種(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中,有浮水植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)16種(zhong),沉(chen)水植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong),挺水植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong),濕(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)94種(zhong),浮水、沉(chen)水、挺水和(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分別占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總數的(de)11.35%、8.51%、13.48%和(he)(he)66.66%。這些數據(ju)充(chong)分說明了鄱(po)陽(yang)湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)特點,也表明該(gai)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園所在(zai)區也是江西濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系較豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區之一。
通(tong)過實地(di)調查和原始資料的整理,在公園(yuan)先(xian)后發(fa)現野(ye)生脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)共計249種(zhong),隸屬于33目(mu)77科,其(qi)種(zhong)數(shu)為(wei)江西已知脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)總數(shu)的29.0%。其(qi)中列為(wei)國家(jia)(jia)一級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護的野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)4種(zhong),國家(jia)(jia)二級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護的野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)17種(zhong),占江西省國家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)總數(shu)的24.4%;省級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)63種(zhong),占總數(shu)的56.8%。
魚類:
魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)6目14科68種(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)數占江西已知魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)33.2%。魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong)以鯉科魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為主,種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)約(yue)占56.0%,經濟魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)約(yue)占總種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)81.4%。如(ru)鯉、鯽、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、餐條、鳊、紅鰭鲌、鰱(lian)(lian)、鳙、黃尾鲴、翹嘴紅鲌、泥鰍、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、胡子鯰(nian)、烏鱧、鱖等。鄱(po)陽湖國家濕地公園內的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)從生態類(lei)(lei)(lei)型劃分(fen),絕大(da)多數屬廣(guang)布性(xing)緩水流(liu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和靜水魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei),如(ru)鯉、鯽、鳊、魴、鰱(lian)(lian)、鳙等。以食性(xing)劃分(fen),調查所(suo)獲的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong),草(cao)食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong),占8.8%;雜(za)食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)44種(zhong)(zhong),占64.7%;肉食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)18種(zhong)(zhong),占26.5%,雜(za)食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)占大(da)多數,草(cao)食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)所(suo)占比例較(jiao)小(xiao),肉食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)不僅種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)增加,而且數量較(jiao)以前(qian)增多。有(you)長吻鮠、鰻鱺、暗紋東(dong)方鲀、吻鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為江西省重(zhong)點(dian)保護野生動物。經濟價值較(jiao)高(gao)而且產量較(jiao)大(da)的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鰱(lian)(lian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鳙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃鱔、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鱖、鰻鱺等。
兩棲動物:
兩(liang)(liang)棲動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)2目(mu)7科(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數為(wei)江西(xi)已知兩(liang)(liang)棲動(dong)物(wu)的(de)30.8%。其(qi)中(zhong)蛙(wa)(wa)科(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)最多有(you)(you)為(wei)1屬(shu)(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)58.3%,鋤(chu)足蟾(chan)科(ke)、蟾(chan)蜍科(ke)、樹蛙(wa)(wa)科(ke)、雨(yu)蛙(wa)(wa)科(ke)和(he)(he)姬(ji)蛙(wa)(wa)科(ke)均(jun)為(wei)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),各(ge)占(zhan)8.3%,無尾目(mu)共有(you)(you)6科(ke)6屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級(ji)重點保(bao)護兩(liang)(liang)棲動(dong)物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即虎紋蛙(wa)(wa),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)保(bao)護的(de)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)或者有(you)(you)重要經濟、科(ke)學(xue)研究價值的(de)陸生野生動(dong)物(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即東方(fang)蠑(rong)螈、淡肩(jian)角蟾(chan)、中(zhong)華(hua)大蟾(chan)蜍、日本(ben)林蛙(wa)(wa)、黑(hei)斑蛙(wa)(wa)、沼蛙(wa)(wa)、澤蛙(wa)(wa)、金(jin)線蛙(wa)(wa)、大樹蛙(wa)(wa)、中(zhong)國(guo)雨(yu)蛙(wa)(wa)和(he)(he)飾紋姬(ji)蛙(wa)(wa);其(qi)中(zhong)東方(fang)蠑(rong)螈、中(zhong)華(hua)大蟾(chan)蜍和(he)(he)黑(hei)斑蛙(wa)(wa)還(huan)是江西(xi)省重點保(bao)護野生動(dong)物(wu)。
爬行動物:
爬(pa)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有2目(mu)8科(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)為(wei)江西已知爬(pa)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)的30.4%。其(qi)中(zhong)龜(gui)鱉目(mu)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括龜(gui)科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)鱉科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別約(yue)占(zhan)該地(di)爬(pa)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的4.2%。有鱗目(mu)6科(ke)(ke)19屬(shu)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)游蛇(she)(she)(she)科(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類最多,有11屬(shu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)該地(di)爬(pa)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的54.2%;石龍子(zi)科(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)12.5%;眼(yan)鏡蛇(she)(she)(she)科(ke)(ke)和蝰(kui)科(ke)(ke)均(jun)為(wei)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)8.3%;壁虎科(ke)(ke)、蜥(xi)蜴科(ke)(ke)均(jun)為(wei)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)4.2%。所有24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)爬(pa)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)均(jun)已列入國家保(bao)護的有益的或者(zhe)有重(zhong)要經濟、科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研究價值(zhi)的陸生野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)名錄。此(ci)外,中(zhong)華(hua)鱉、王錦(jin)蛇(she)(she)(she)、黑眉(mei)錦(jin)蛇(she)(she)(she)、灰鼠蛇(she)(she)(she)、烏梢蛇(she)(she)(she)、銀環蛇(she)(she)(she)、舟(zhou)山(shan)眼(yan)鏡蛇(she)(she)(she)還被(bei)列為(wei)江西省重(zhong)點保(bao)護野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)。
哺乳動物:
哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)6目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數為江(jiang)西已知哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)12.4%。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)食蟲目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(猬(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占當地哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)數的(de)(de)7.7%;兔(tu)(tu)形目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(兔(tu)(tu)科(ke)(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占7.7%;翼手目(mu)(蝙蝠科(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占15.4%;嚙齒目(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括松鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占7.7%,鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占38.5%;食肉目(mu)(鼬(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占15.4%;偶蹄目(mu)(豬科(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占7.7%。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)鼬(you)、被列為瀕危野生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)國(guo)際貿易公約附(fu)錄三保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)益的(de)(de)或者有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要經濟、科(ke)(ke)(ke)學研究價值(zhi)的(de)(de)陸生野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即(ji)華南(nan)兔(tu)(tu)、隱紋花松鼠、黃(huang)鼬(you)、鼬(you)獾(huan)、野豬;其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)鼬(you)、鼬(you)獾(huan)還被列為江(jiang)西省重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。
公園有鳥類17目41科86屬132種,其種數為江西已知鳥類(lei)的(de)30.6%。其中(zhong)鸊(pi)鷉(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)該地鳥類(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)1.5%;鵜(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;鸛形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)8.3%;雁形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)13.6%;隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)4.5%;雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;鶴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)8.3%;鴴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)10.6%;鷗形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)2.3%;鴿形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)1.5%;鵑形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)3.0%;鸮形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)3.0%;夜鷹目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;雨(yu)燕目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)0.76%;佛(fo)法僧目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)3.0%;鴷形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)1.5%;雀(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)17科(ke)(ke)(ke)35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)36.4%。
國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)“三有(you)”保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)83種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);省(sheng)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國(guo)(guo)際貿易公約保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鄱陽(yang)湖國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公園有(you)不少中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)(yu)日本、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)(yu)澳大利亞共同保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao),列(lie)入(ru)中(zhong)日保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)協定的(de)有(you)55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)入(ru)中(zhong)澳保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)協定的(de)有(you)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)里(li)聚集了世界(jie)上98%的(de)濕地候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun),一到冬天98%的(de)白鶴與(yu)(yu)數十萬的(de)天鵝會選擇到鄱陽(yang)湖越冬
白糖糕:一(yi)圈(quan)圈(quan)的糕顏(yan)色呈半透明(ming)晶瑩(ying)的白(bai)、口感酥松(song)而(er)且(qie)軟(ruan)糯,上面(mian)放(fang)的卻不是白(bai)糖,白(bai)糖是和在粉里面(mian)的。
螺螄:任何大排檔必備。
煎餅:煎餅的味道有點像油(you)條,有韭菜(cai)豆(dou)干(gan)餡和蘿卜絲餡。
米餃子:餃子的特點是皮薄餡嫩,味道(dao)鮮美,形狀(zhuang)獨特。
米粉:有煮(zhu)粉、炒粉、拌粉等,各有各的(de)特色及風味。
油炸粑:一(yi)個面(mian)盆(pen),面(mian)盆(pen)里是米粉糊。往往還會配上(shang)韭(jiu)菜餡的餃子一(yi)起賣。
春鲇:鲇魚(yu)(yu)因有涎遍布全(quan)身,腥滑粘膩而得名(ming)。做(zuo)為底(di)層魚(yu)(yu)類,喜性葷食,常棲深水污泥(ni)之中。
夏鯉:鯉(li)為(wei)廣食性魚(yu)類。鯉(li)為(wei)吉(ji)祥的象征,“鯉(li)魚(yu)跳龍門”,使鯉(li)在人(ren)們眼中(zhong)有著(zhu)升騰的隱喻,年節婚慶,紅白喜(xi)事,都喜(xi)歡以(yi)鯉(li)魚(yu)入席。
秋鱖:在(zai)一些地(di)區,因為唐人張志和"桃花流水鱖(gui)魚(yu)(yu)肥"的(de)(de)(de)詩而有了歧誤,認為鱖(gui)魚(yu)(yu)是春時的(de)(de)(de)寵食(shi)。而積累幾(ji)千年食(shi)魚(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)鄱陽人,根據魚(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長習性(xing)斷言,此魚(yu)(yu)秋天(tian)吃食(shi)是最佳季節。
冬鳊:鳊魚的正名(ming)叫(jiao)魴,肉嫩味(wei)美,有調(diao)胃(wei)氣,利五臟,去胃(wei)風、消(xiao)谷(gu)的功效,有益于人體在冬天的養護。
銀魚:古稱膾殘魚,又名白小。鄱陽銀魚肉質細嫩,味道鮮美。而“繡(xiu)花針”肥度(du)不夠,干癟味淡;“面條”肉老(lao)筋硬,入口不適(shi)。銀魚是極富鈣質的魚類,營(ying)養學家(jia)將它列為長(chang)壽食品(pin)。
鰻鱺:又稱(cheng)白鱔,簡稱(cheng)鰻,洄游性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類。此魚(yu)(yu)(yu)在秋季游入深海產卵,幼魚(yu)(yu)(yu)變(bian)態后,進入淡水生長。形狀如(ru)蛇,肉(rou)鬣連尾,無鱗有舌(she),大(da)者(zhe)長數尺。肉(rou)嫩如(ru)豆(dou)腐,味美似河(he)豚(tun),為葷食(shi)屬性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類。
鱭:俗名鳳尾、刨(bao)花魚,是名貴的經濟(ji)魚類,食用(yong)歷史悠久(jiu)。
線路一:烏金汊游(you)客(ke)服務(wu)中(zhong)心——龜腦山(shan)——瓢里山(shan)——龍吼山(shan)——鶴(he)園——鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)濕地科(ke)學館——水(shui)生(sheng)植物園——天鵝之家——觀湖(hu)(hu)長(chang)廊——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二號天橋(qiao)——返程碼頭(內湖(hu)(hu)游(you)覽線(xian)路)
線路二:烏(wu)金汊游客服務中(zhong)心——龜腦山(shan)(shan)——瓢里山(shan)(shan)——龍吼山(shan)(shan)——鶴園——鄱陽(yang)湖濕地科學館——水生植物園——天鵝(e)之家(jia)——觀湖長(chang)廊(lang)——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二號天橋——乘車至店前(qian)渡口——大草原景區——香油(you)州(zhou)(內(nei)外湖游覽線路)
線路三:白沙洲濕(shi)地科學園檢票口(kou)——鶴(he)園——鄱陽湖(hu)濕(shi)地科學館——水生植物園——天鵝之家——觀湖(hu)長(chang)廊——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二(er)號天橋——乘車至(zhi)店前渡口(kou)——大(da)草(cao)原景區(qu)——香油州(外湖(hu)游覽(lan)線路(lu))