米倉山國家森林公園是川東北、陜南地區最重要的生態旅游明珠、地質博物館和生物基因庫,森林覆蓋率為97.3%,有“天然氧吧”的美譽。公園(yuan)內山奇(qi)水秀(xiu)(xiu),環境優美(mei),風光(guang)迷人,既有(you)蔚為壯觀(guan)(guan)的(de)峰叢石林(lin),又(you)有(you)險峻(jun)無比的(de)巖崖(ya)景觀(guan)(guan),幽深(shen)神秘的(de)巖溶洞穴,融黃山之美(mei)、武陵之怪、峨眉之秀(xiu)(xiu)、青城之幽、劍門之雄于一體(ti),春賞山花,夏看山水,秋(qiu)觀(guan)(guan)紅葉,冬詠霧凇,四季美(mei)景不(bu)斷,令人心曠神怡,流連(lian)忘返。秋天(tian)是(shi)公園最(zui)美的季節,觀(guan)葉樹種(zhong)(zhong)有楓類(lei)、槭類(lei)、水(shui)(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)、椴樹、樺木、楊樹等,僅水(shui)(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)的分(fen)布(bu)面(mian)積就約(yue)4000公頃(qing),水(shui)(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)為山毛櫸(ju)科,水(shui)(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)屬,全世界目分(fen)布(bu)有10-14種(zhong)(zhong),亞洲7種(zhong)(zhong),中國5-6種(zhong)(zhong),而(er)米倉山分(fen)布(bu)就有4種(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)地球上(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)屬植(zhi)物起(qi)源地和現代分(fen)布(bu)中心之一,更是(shi)世界上(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)分(fen)布(bu)最(zui)集中、面(mian)積最(zui)大的地區(qu)。落葉闊葉林面(mian)積約(yue)30000公頃(qing)。其(qi)中牟陽故城的黑(hei)熊溝(gou)、大小蘭溝(gou)、珍(zhen)稀(xi)植物園景色(se)獨特,還(huan)生長著3萬(wan)畝珍(zhen)稀(xi)樹種巴山水青(qing)岡,棲息著黑(hei)熊、云(yun)豹等20多種珍(zhen)稀(xi)動物。日出、晚霞、月華、云(yun)海、冰雪、流(liu)嵐等也是不可錯過的天象景觀。
黑熊(xiong)(xiong)溝(映(ying)水(shui)溪)位于牟陽城景(jing)區(qu)東部,長10余公(gong)里(li)(li),海(hai)拔1600米,距大壩林場場部約4.5公(gong)里(li)(li),北至香(xiang)爐山15公(gong)里(li)(li),東到諾水(shui)河(he)風景(jing)區(qu)約 60公(gong)里(li)(li)。黑熊(xiong)(xiong)溝發源于有“小峨嵋”之稱(cheng)的香(xiang)爐山,是(shi)焦家河(he)主(zhu)要的上游支流-映(ying)水(shui)溪。溝內水(shui)量豐沛,水(shui)質優(you)良。河(he)床(chuang)整體(ti)由花崗(gang)巖構(gou)成,奇(qi)石密布。兩岸(an)山體(ti)構(gou)造奇(qi)特,巖洞叢生,長十(shi)數公(gong)里(li)(li)。
光霧山紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)南江的(de)特色(se)(se)(se)。有五(wu)大(da)特點:一是(shi)(shi)面積(ji)大(da)。米(mi)倉(cang)山國家(jia)森林(lin)公園(yuan)景區有401.6平(ping)方公里(li)的(de)面積(ji),其中就(jiu)有300多(duo)(duo)平(ping)方公里(li)集中連(lian)片的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)景觀。二是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)彩豐。一般紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),而光霧山(米(mi)倉(cang)山國家(jia)森林(lin)公園(yuan))的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)呈梯次變(bian)化,以(yi)藍、綠、黃(huang)、橙、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。三是(shi)(shi)周期(qi)長。觀賞紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)每年(nian)的(de)10月(yue)中旬至11月(yue)底(di),長達(da)一個多(duo)(duo)月(yue)之久,第一個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)看(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)五(wu)彩斑斕,第二個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)看(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)層林(lin)盡染(ran),第三個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)看(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)萬葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)飄丹。四是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)多(duo)(duo)。光霧山紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)屬落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)類(lei)(lei)喬木,有水青岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)、楓樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)、椴(duan)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)、稠(chou)李類(lei)(lei)、漆(qi)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)、槭(qi)(qi)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)、樺木類(lei)(lei)、楊樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)、松(song)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)和(he)檫木類(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)20余類(lei)(lei),還有薔薇科類(lei)(lei)和(he)四照(zhao)花(hua)類(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)植物(wu),共有40多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀有手掌(zhang)狀(如(ru)(ru)(ru)三角(jiao)楓、八角(jiao)楓),雞(ji)爪(zhua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)雞(ji)爪(zhua)槭(qi)(qi))、五(wu)星形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)五(wu)角(jiao)楓)、羽毛狀(如(ru)(ru)(ru)鹽(yan)膚(fu)木等(deng)(deng))、心(xin)臟形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)青榨槭(qi)(qi))、船(chuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)稠(chou)李類(lei)(lei))、卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)水青岡(gang)類(lei)(lei))、豆瓣(ban)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)栓翅(chi)衛矛(mao)類(lei)(lei))、橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(四照(zhao)花(hua)類(lei)(lei))、針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)松(song))、扇形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)銀杏(xing))、鴨掌(zhang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)檫木類(lei)(lei))等(deng)(deng)20多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)有火紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、血紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、酒紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、褚紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、鐵紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、玫瑰紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、淡紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、金紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等(deng)(deng)10多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)品位(wei)高。先后曾(ceng)有英(ying)國、德國、法國、加拿大(da)和(he)美國的(de)植物(wu)專家(jia)考察后,把光霧山景區稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“金區”,把光霧山紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“金葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)”。
大(da)小蘭溝自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu),位于米倉山國家森林公園之中。1999年1月,經四川(chuan)省(sheng)人民(min)政府(fu)批準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。總(zong)面(mian)積6932公頃(其中核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積1571公頃),占米倉山國家森林公園總(zong)面(mian)積的17.3%。活立(li)木(mu)總(zong)蓄積為(wei)(wei)52.84萬立(li)方(fang)米。屬于暖(nuan)溫帶森林生(sheng)(sheng)態型自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。大(da)小蘭溝的落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)混交林植(zhi)被、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)群落結構、自(zi)(zi)然(ran)景觀和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)均保(bao)(bao)存完好。特別是野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁(fan)多,有野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類2000余種(zhong)(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態多樣性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)遺傳品系(xi)多樣性(xing)非常明顯,被譽為(wei)(wei)“森林百(bai)寶箱”、“生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)萬花(hua)筒”和(he)(he)(he)“珍稀(xi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)基(ji)因庫(ku)”。
牟陽城景區位于森林公園東部,地處米倉山南麓的腹心地帶,屬于大壩林場。景區林海茫茫,賞萬頃紅葉,觀(guan)珍(zhen)稀植物;空中飛渡連理峰(feng),水上(shang)漂流焦家河,大觀(guan)川北峨嵋(mei)香爐山;訪紅軍(jun)故里,游米倉古道(dao),尋三國(guo)文化。
香爐(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為牟陽故城景區的最高峰,海拔(ba)2330米,系川陜兩省(sheng)的界山(shan)(shan)(shan)之一(yi),距(ju)南江縣(xian)大(da)壩(ba)林場場部(bu)約19公里(li)。四(si)(si)道龍脊山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺由主峰向四(si)(si)周延伸(shen),山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰險峻突兀(wu),高聳層(ceng)疊,眾山(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱,渾然一(yi)體,山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰之間時(shi)有云霧(wu)繚繞,云霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)嵐冉(ran)冉(ran)升騰,遠望酷(ku)似一(yi)座巨型(xing)香爐(lu),故名香爐(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。
1、南從西漢高速到漢中,南從重(zhong)慶、成都(dou)經(jing)巴(ba)中,再轉101省道可到達(da)。
2、北從(cong)西漢高速到漢中,南從(cong)重慶、成都經(jing)巴中,再轉(zhuan)101省道可到達。
米(mi)倉山(shan)(shan)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)森林公(gong)園位于四川盆地(di)東(dong)(dong)北邊緣的(de)南(nan)(nan)江縣北部,地(di)處(chu)秦巴山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(秦嶺-大巴山(shan)(shan))的(de)米(mi)倉山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓。東(dong)(dong)、北與陜西省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)鄭(zheng)縣相(xiang)鄰(lin),南(nan)(nan)抵南(nan)(nan)江縣沙壩(ba)鄉、關壩(ba)鄉、寨坡鄉和楊壩(ba)鎮,西靠廣元市旺(wang)蒼縣,同光霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)風景名勝區(qu)相(xiang)鄰(lin)。北距(ju)(ju)漢中(zhong)市約(yue)70公(gong)里(經(jing)鐵爐壩(ba)山(shan)(shan)門),南(nan)(nan)距(ju)(ju)巴中(zhong)市約(yue)136公(gong)里(經(jing)陳(chen)家(jia)(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)),西距(ju)(ju)廣元市約(yue)216公(gong)里(經(jing)陳(chen)家(jia)(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan))。地(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為東(dong)(dong)經(jing)106o38’50”~107o05’56”,北緯32o31’12”~32o44’29”。
米(mi)倉山地(di)處中國大(da)陸(lu)南北地(di)理和氣候以及生態的過(guo)渡帶(dai),受(shou)東南季(ji)風(feng)和西南季(ji)風(feng)的雙重(zhong)影(ying)響,氣候溫和濕(shi)潤,四(si)季(ji)分明,屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風(feng)氣候區域(yu),年(nian)降水量多達1200毫(hao)米(mi)以上,年(nian)平均氣溫約15°C左右(you)。
米(mi)倉山(shan)多數山(shan)體為圓錐(zhui)狀的石灰巖和(he)白(bai)云巖峰叢(cong)地貌景觀,峰叢(cong)多發育在山(shan)脈之上,而貴(gui)州、廣西的峰叢(cong)則主要生長(chang)在盆地之中。構(gou)成米(mi)倉山(shan)巖層(ceng)主體的是(shi)花崗(gang)巖、變質砂巖、石灰巖和(he)白(bai)云巖。米(mi)倉山(shan)主峰光霧山(shan)海拔2507米(mi),峰體渾圓,是(shi)花崗(gang)巖球狀風化、寒凍風化結果造成。
米倉山自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)有(you)種(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)134科(ke)554屬(shu)(shu)1300種(zhong),其中(zhong)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)25科(ke)46屬(shu)(shu)124種(zhong);裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)5科(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)17種(zhong);被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)129科(ke)543屬(shu)(shu)1200余(yu)種(zhong)。植(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)占全國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)的(de)(de)55.24%,屬(shu)(shu)占全國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)物(wu)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)29.86%,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特有(you)屬(shu)(shu)和東亞特有(you)屬(shu)(shu)97個,占總叔叔屬(shu)(shu)數19.28%。國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)紅(hong)豆杉、南方紅(hong)豆杉2種(zhong),屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)水青(qing)書(shu)、連香(xiang)樹、巴山榧、香(xiang)果樹等(deng)10種(zhong)。還蘊(yun)藏有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)中(zhong)藥材資(zi)源(yuan),可直接利用(yong)的(de)(de)藥用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)主(zhu)要有(you)黨參、泡參、天麻、桔(jie)梗、柴胡、半(ban)夏、杜仲(zhong)、黃柏、五味子(zi)、南五味子(zi)、淫羊(yang)藿等(deng)多種(zhong)。
米倉山(shan)國(guo)家森林(lin)(lin)公園(yuan)內獨特(te)的(de)(de)地形地貌和優越的(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)境(jing)條件(jian),大面積保(bao)(bao)存完(wan)好的(de)(de)原(yuan)始森林(lin)(lin),為野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物提供(gong)了良好的(de)(de)棲(qi)息環境(jing)。據統(tong)計,保(bao)(bao)護區內有(you)(you)魚(yu)類1目(mu)2科(ke)(ke)7屬8種(zhong),其中有(you)(you)中國(guo)魚(yu)類新種(zhong)——巴山(shan)高原(yuan)鰍。兩棲(qi)類2目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)7屬19種(zhong)、爬行類3目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)15屬19種(zhong)、鳥類13目(mu)37科(ke)(ke)81屬125種(zhong)占(zhan)、哺乳(ru)類7目(mu)23科(ke)(ke)47屬66種(zhong),屬于(yu)國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物有(you)(you)豹、云豹、林(lin)(lin)麝、羚羊(yang)、金雕等五種(zhong);屬國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物有(you)(you)獼(mi)猴、黑(hei)熊、紅腹角雉(zhi)、斑羚、大鯢(ni)等24種(zhong)。