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建設沿革

1928年(nian)，張治中故居始建。

2013年，修復被日軍燒毀張治中故居。

建筑格局

從黃麓師范后(hou)門(men)拾階而(er)下，過清水塘，就可到達張(zhang)將(jiang)軍的故居。張(zhang)治(zhi)(zhi)中故居故居坐(zuo)西向東，背山面水，磚木結(jie)構，小(xiao)瓦(wa)屋面。正門(men)旁(pang)懸掛著趙(zhao)樸初(chu)先(xian)生題(ti)寫的“張(zhang)治(zhi)(zhi)中故居”花崗巖匾額(e)。

文物保護

1989年(nian)，被定為省級文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。

1995年，被確定為巢湖(hu)市愛國主義(yi)教育(yu)基地。

文物遺存

張治中(zhong)故居大廳水泥地面是水磨石地板。地板中(zhong)央依稀可(ke)見一(yi)幅圖案——五(wu)只(zhi)蝙蝠捧(peng)著(zhu)一(yi)個變體的(de)“壽(shou)”字(zi)，周圍點(dian)綴著(zhu)祥(xiang)云。“這叫‘五(wu)福(fu)（蝠）捧(peng)壽(shou)’，寓意‘福(fu)壽(shou)吉祥(xiang)’。它是采用(yong)中(zhong)國元(yuan)素，利用(yong)德國技(ji)術做成的(de)。”客廳里陳列(lie)著(zhu)介紹張治中(zhong)將(jiang)軍生(sheng)平的(de)圖片資料，每幅照片都記(ji)錄著(zhu)一(yi)段故事。位于大廳左側的(de)臥室按當年(nian)的(de)樣子擺設(she)，再現將(jiang)軍在此生(sheng)活的(de)情景(jing)。在故居的(de)院子里，還有棵將(jiang)軍親手栽植的(de)梓樹，枝繁葉茂，有兩人合抱(bao)那么(me)粗(cu)。

人物生平

張(zhang)治(zhi)中（1890.10.27～1969.4.6），原名本堯，字文白。國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨二(er)級(ji)陸軍上將，安徽省巢縣人，愛國(guo)(guo)將領，黃埔系骨干將領，原國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨陸軍二(er)級(ji)上將。中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨革命委員會領導人之一。1969年(nian)4月6日，因病逝世。

張治(zhi)中(zhong)生于1890年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)27日（清光緒十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九月(yue)(yue)十(shi)四），其(qi)祖父是(shi)農民(min)，父親是(shi)手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)者。張治(zhi)中(zhong)六歲(sui)入(ru)(ru)塾，讀書十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。因少(shao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)家(jia)境貧寒(han)，此后(hou)的6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)四處奔波流浪，曾在(zai)(zai)安徽豐(feng)樂(le)河(he)鎮（今舒城縣）一位叫呂為才的老板經營(ying)的“呂德勝號”商鋪里做過(guo)學(xue)徒，從那時(shi)開始接觸并(bing)閱(yue)讀報(bao)紙，喜(xi)歡寫(xie)字算賬，在(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)的自(zi)傳中(zhong)，有意將此作為人(ren)(ren)(ren)生漂泊的起(qi)點(dian)。其(qi)后(hou)先后(hou)在(zai)(zai)揚州(zhou)的鹽(yan)務緝私營(ying)充過(guo)備(bei)補(bu)兵(bing)，在(zai)(zai)安慶巡(xun)警(jing)局當過(guo)備(bei)補(bu)警(jing)察，后(hou)入(ru)(ru)揚州(zhou)巡(xun)警(jing)教練(lian)所受訓，3 個月(yue)(yue)后(hou)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)，成為正式警(jing)察。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)辛亥革命(ming)爆發(fa)時(shi)，張治(zhi)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)揚州(zhou)參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)反(fan)清起(qi)義，1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進入(ru)(ru)陸(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第二(er)(er)預備(bei)學(xue)堂，1916年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)于保定(ding)陸(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)官(guan)(guan)學(xue)校(xiao)第三期步兵(bing)科，次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)廣(guang)東(dong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)護法運(yun)動，歷任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駐粵滇軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)連長(chang)、營(ying)長(chang)、駐粵桂軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總部參(can)(can)(can)(can)謀(mou)、師(shi)參(can)(can)(can)(can)謀(mou)長(chang)和(he)(he)桂軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)校(xiao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)謀(mou)長(chang)等職，1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初，對孫中(zhong)山確立(li)三大革命(ming)政(zheng)策(ce)表示擁護，6月(yue)(yue)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)埔(pu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)校(xiao)學(xue)生總隊長(chang)、軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團團長(chang)，同時(shi)兼(jian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)國民(min)革命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第二(er)(er)師(shi)參(can)(can)(can)(can)謀(mou)長(chang)，廣(guang)州(zhou)衛(wei)戍區(qu)司令部參(can)(can)(can)(can)謀(mou)長(chang)等職，與中(zhong)國共產黨人(ren)(ren)(ren)周恩來、惲代(dai)英密切(qie)合作，結(jie)成深(shen)厚友誼(yi)。1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)北(bei)伐(fa)戰爭(zheng)，先后(hou)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)國民(min)革命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總司令部副官(guan)(guan)處處長(chang)、黃(huang)埔(pu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)校(xiao)武(wu)漢分校(xiao)教育長(chang)等職。后(hou)曾一度到(dao)歐美進行考察。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)后(hou)歷任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)國民(min)黨中(zhong)央(yang)陸(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)官(guan)(guan)學(xue)校(xiao)訓練(lian)部主任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、教育長(chang)，同時(shi)兼(jian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教導第二(er)(er)師(shi)師(shi)長(chang)，參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)蔣(jiang)介(jie)石對馮玉祥(xiang)、閻錫山等的戰爭(zheng)。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)兼(jian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)第五軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)，率部參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)上海“一·二(er)(er)八”之役，曾予日軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以沉重打擊。1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)國民(min)黨第四軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總指揮，率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)入(ru)(ru)閩，參(can)(can)(can)(can)與圍攻福建(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府，1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西安事變發(fa)生時(shi)，他(ta)(ta)主張和(he)(he)平(ping)解(jie)決。

1937年(nian)(nian)抗(kang)戰(zhan)爆發(fa)后，任(ren)第(di)(di)九集團(tuan)軍總司令(ling)兼(jian)左翼軍總司令(ling)，參(can)加(jia)(jia)上海“八(ba)(ba)·一三(san)”抗(kang)戰(zhan)（淞(song)滬會(hui)戰(zhan)），取(qu)代(dai)何鍵(jian)擔任(ren)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省主(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)。從(cong)這年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)至1939年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)，在(zai)(zai)任(ren)一年(nian)(nian)零(ling)兩個月(yue)(yue)(yue)，與中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省委(wei)合(he)作，推(tui)動湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)抗(kang)日(ri)救(jiu)亡(wang)運動迅猛發(fa)展，為正面(mian)抗(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)勝利奠定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)思想、組(zu)織和(he)(he)群(qun)眾基礎(chu)，被(bei)(bei)當時中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省委(wei)負責人(ren)稱為湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作的(de)(de)(de)“黃金(jin)時代(dai)”。1940年(nian)(nian)任(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府軍事委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)政(zheng)治(zhi)部(bu)部(bu)長(chang)，兼(jian)三(san)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)團(tuan)書(shu)記長(chang)。1941年(nian)(nian)皖(wan)南(nan)(nan)事變后向蔣介石上書(shu)，主(zhu)(zhu)張繼續國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同抗(kang)日(ri)。1945年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)六大上，當選為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)執行委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)委(wei)員(yuan)和(he)(he)常務委(wei)員(yuan)。張治(zhi)中(zhong)受(shou)周恩來委(wei)托，到(dao)新(xin)疆(jiang)成功的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)救(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)被(bei)(bei)盛世才監禁多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)100多名共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)干(gan)部(bu)，使他們安全地回(hui)(hui)到(dao)延安，為共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)保存了(le)(le)(le)一批重要的(de)(de)(de)骨干(gan)力(li)量(liang)。抗(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)爭勝利后，任(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)政(zheng)府西北行營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)兼(jian)新(xin)疆(jiang)省主(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)，曾(ceng)營(ying)救(jiu)過被(bei)(bei)盛世才囚禁于新(xin)疆(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)一批共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)回(hui)(hui)延安。在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)革(ge)命戰(zhan)爭時期，他是一位沒(mei)有同共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)打過仗的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)將領，被(bei)(bei)人(ren)們稱為“和(he)(he)平將軍”。他曾(ceng)多次(ci)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)去延安同共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)談判。1946年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)參(can)加(jia)(jia)軍調處三(san)人(ren)小(xiao)組(zu)，主(zhu)(zhu)張和(he)(he)平解(jie)(jie)決(jue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)問(wen)題。1949年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)任(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)政(zheng)府和(he)(he)平談判代(dai)表(biao)(biao)團(tuan)首席(xi)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)，到(dao)北平同中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)談判，雙方議(yi)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)和(he)(he)平協定(ding)》八(ba)(ba)條二(er)(er)十(shi)四款。此(ci)協定(ding)遭(zao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)政(zheng)府拒絕后，接受(shou)了(le)(le)(le)周恩來的(de)(de)(de)懇勸留在(zai)(zai)北平，并發(fa)表(biao)(biao)《對時局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)明》。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)，參(can)加(jia)(jia)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)治(zhi)協商(shang)會(hui)議(yi)第(di)(di)一屆全體會(hui)議(yi)和(he)(he)開國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大典，并促成了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)疆(jiang)和(he)(he)平解(jie)(jie)放。

中(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國建立后，歷任西(xi)北軍政委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)席、全(quan)(quan)國人(ren)民(min)(min)代(dai)表大會(hui)(hui)(hui)常務委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)副(fu)委(wei)員長、中(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國國防委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)席、政協全(quan)(quan)國委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)委(wei)員、中(zhong)國國民(min)(min)黨革命委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)央副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)席等(deng)職，對促進民(min)(min)族(zu)團結和(he)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義建設事(shi)業，作出(chu)了貢(gong)獻。1969年(nian)4月(yue)6日在(zai)北京逝世(shi)。著有《張(zhang)治中(zhong)回憶錄》等(deng)。