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景觀介紹

在(zai)產出(chu)大(da)量硅化(hua)木(mu)的同(tong)一套巖(yan)層中，還保存(cun)有(you)豐富的恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石。其中袁復禮教授1931年(nian)在(zai)將軍戈(ge)壁發現(xian)的長(chang)10.26m、背高(gao)(gao)4.05m的大(da)型(xing)(xing)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)--奇臺(tai)天山(shan)龍(long)(long)(long)，是中國(guo)人第一次在(zai)亞洲發現(xian)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石。1983年(nian)以(yi)來(lai)，中外古生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)專家(jia)在(zai)公園(yuan)區域內又先后挖掘出(chu)大(da)量恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石，其中包(bao)括體長(chang)30.4米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)10余米(mi)(mi)，目前亞洲最大(da)的恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)--中加馬門溪(xi)龍(long)(long)(long)、新(xin)疆侏羅紀(ji)典型(xing)(xing)的食肉型(xing)(xing)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)--長(chang)5.1米(mi)(mi)，背高(gao)(gao)1.7米(mi)(mi)的江(jiang)氏(shi)(shi)單(dan)嵴龍(long)(long)(long)、以(yi)及蜥腳類的蘇氏(shi)(shi)巧龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)戈(ge)壁卡拉麥里龍(long)(long)(long)，鳥(niao)臀目的五彩(cai)灣(wan)工部龍(long)(long)(long)，還有(you)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)代表(biao)了獸腳類恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)重要(yao)演化(hua)環(huan)節(jie)的董氏(shi)(shi)中國(guo)伶盜龍(long)(long)(long)。與(yu)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石伴生(sheng)的還有(you)大(da)量鱷(e)類、龜類、蜥蜴以(yi)及兩棲—哺乳(ru)動物(wu)(wu)和(he)小型(xing)(xing)原始(shi)哺乳(ru)動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)石。

硅化木-恐龍(long)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)質公園景區(qu)(qu)內(nei)還是極其(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)荒(huang)漠物(wu)種保(bao)存(cun)(cun)地(di)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)，植被以白梭梭、沙拐棗(zao)、紅(hong)柳等(deng)灌木，以及(ji)豬毛菜(cai)、堿(jian)蓬等(deng)草本植物(wu)為主，野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)以有蹄(ti)類最為重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。1982年國(guo)(guo)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)這里(li)建(jian)立(li)(li)了“卡(ka)拉(la)麥(mai)里(li)有蹄(ti)類野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)”，保(bao)護對象主要(yao)是蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)（又名(ming)“普(pu)氏野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)”）、蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)驢(lv)、鵝喉(hou)羚、高鼻羚羊(yang)、盤(pan)羊(yang)、馬(ma)(ma)鹿、野(ye)(ye)山羊(yang)等(deng)及(ji)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)環(huan)境(jing)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)面積達1.8萬(wan)平方公里(li)，是我國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)之一。有蹄(ti)尖動物(wu)以鵝喉(hou)羚最多，數量近萬(wan)只。19世(shi)紀被俄(e)國(guo)(guo)探(tan)險家(jia)普(pu)爾熱瓦爾斯基(ji)發現(xian)并命名(ming)的(de)普(pu)氏野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)的(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)種群(qun)已不存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)，1985年以來陸續從國(guo)(guo)外(wai)引進野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)后裔，并在(zai)(zai)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)建(jian)立(li)(li)了全國(guo)(guo)唯一的(de)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)繁殖(zhi)中心，將逐步使蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)重(zhong)(zhong)返(fan)大自然。

特色

奇(qi)臺(tai)(tai)硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)—恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍國(guo)家地質公園總面積492平方公里。形(xing)成(cheng)于距今1.95-1.37億年(nian)前(qian)的侏羅(luo)紀。奇(qi)臺(tai)(tai)硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)園硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)群是(shi)亞洲(zhou)面積最(zui)大、數(shu)量最(zui)多、保存最(zui)完整的硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)森林，遺存規模(mo)位居世界第(di)二位。2006年(nian)8月26日(ri)在奇(qi)臺(tai)(tai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍溝出(chu)土的蜥腳(jiao)類食草恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)神長35米，是(shi)亞洲(zhou)第(di)一、世界第(di)二大恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)。 主要景區(qu)有硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)群、中(zhong)生代(dai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、雅丹地貌、石(shi)錢灘(tan)等。

硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群(qun)(qun)：奇臺硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群(qun)(qun)距今1.5億(yi)年的侏羅系石樹溝群(qun)(qun)巖(yan)層中(zhong)，較為(wei)集中(zhong)的硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)有(you)四(si)處(chu)，其中(zhong)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)園(yuan)景區面(mian)積11.65平方公(gong)里，集中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)在北東(dong)—南西向沖溝內(nei)，出露(lu)數量近千株，是目(mu)前亞(ya)洲遺(yi)(yi)存規模最大的硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群(qun)(qun)，僅次于美國(guo)亞(ya)利桑那州化(hua)(hua)石森林，位居世界第二，是地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)參觀、游覽和研(yan)究(jiu)價(jia)值(zhi)最高的區域。目(mu)前為(wei)止，區內(nei)已鑒定出的主要(yao)屬(shu)(shu)種有(you)原始云杉(shan)(shan)(shan)型木(mu)屬(shu)(shu)、異(yi)木(mu)屬(shu)(shu)、南美杉(shan)(shan)(shan)型木(mu)屬(shu)(shu)和柏型木(mu)屬(shu)(shu)，還有(you)一(yi)些小型植(zhi)物(wu)如錐葉蕨屬(shu)(shu)、似木(mu)賊屬(shu)(shu)、披葉杉(shan)(shan)(shan)屬(shu)(shu)等，表明當時的植(zhi)物(wu)十分(fen)地(di)繁盛，對研(yan)究(jiu)準噶(ga)爾盆(pen)地(di)中(zhong)生代地(di)質(zhi)歷史時期古地(di)理、古氣候演(yan)化(hua)(hua)有(you)著非(fei)常重要(yao)的作(zuo)用。

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)代恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi) ：1931年(nian)(nian)我國著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)地質學家袁復禮教授(shou)在將(jiang)軍(jun)戈壁(bi)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)凱利施的(de)(de)(de)地方發現(xian)了兩個(ge)大的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)骨骼(ge)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，經(jing)楊鐘健修(xiu)復，為(wei)(wei)(wei)身長(chang)10.26米(mi)、背(bei)高4.05米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)大型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)骨架，定(ding)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)奇臺天山(shan)龍(long)(long)屬蜥(xi)腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)，這是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人第一(yi)次(ci)在自己(ji)國家發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)。1983年(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國科學院北京(jing)古脊椎動物與古人類研究所組(zu)成新疆考(kao)察(cha)隊(dui)在恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)溝進(jin)行(xing)(xing)考(kao)察(cha)，發現(xian)了多(duo)具恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，原定(ding)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“將(jiang)軍(jun)廟龍(long)(long)”，1993年(nian)(nian)經(jing)進(jin)一(yi)步研究，鑒(jian)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)江氏單嵴龍(long)(long)。最具影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)聯合考(kao)察(cha)隊(dui)1986—1990年(nian)(nian)期間(jian)在恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)溝進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)活動，他們發現(xian)許(xu)多(duo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，包(bao)括(kuo)2個(ge)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)骨骼(ge)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)具長(chang)30米(mi)，軀高10多(duo)米(mi)，重量達5萬千克，為(wei)(wei)(wei)蜥(xi)腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)－中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加馬門溪龍(long)(long)。2006年(nian)(nian)8月26日在奇臺恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)溝出土的(de)(de)(de)蜥(xi)腳(jiao)類食草(cao)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)神長(chang)35米(mi)，是亞洲第一(yi)、世(shi)界(jie)第二大恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，這具恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)脖子（長(chang)度(du)15米(mi)）被證(zheng)實是世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)脖子最長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)。還(huan)挖掘(jue)出一(yi)塊劍龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)肩刺(ci)和(he)劍板化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，這塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)是世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)同類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)肩刺(ci)和(he)劍板化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)保存最完(wan)整、最大的(de)(de)(de)。

雅(ya)丹地(di)貌(mao)：“雅(ya)丹”，又名“雅(ya)爾(er)丹”，維(wei)吾爾(er)語原意為“陡壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)小丘(qiu)”。現泛指干燥地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕地(di)貌(mao)，是河湖(hu)相土(tu)狀沉(chen)積物所形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)面經過風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)化作用、間歇性流(liu)水(shui)沖(chong)刷和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期(qi)吹蝕所形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕土(tu)墩和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕凹地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)貌(mao)組合(he)。在(zai)將軍戈壁，這種地(di)貌(mao)主要發育在(zai)侏(zhu)羅紀(ji)河湖(hu)相紅層中，色彩更(geng)為鮮艷，園區以魔鬼城雅(ya)丹景區和(he)瀚海(hai)動物園雅(ya)丹地(di)貌(mao)較為集中，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕城堡，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕蘑菇，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕殘丘(qiu)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕柱，構成似人、獅、虎、象、牛、龜等奇特造型。

石(shi)(shi)(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)：位于將軍(jun)廟以(yi)東，距北山煤窯以(yi)北10千米處(chu)的洼地(di)內，發(fa)現許多海相生物化石(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)中海百合莖(jing)的化石(shi)(shi)(shi)碎片，形(xing)似一(yi)枚枚錢(qian)幣(bi)，散落地(di)表，故將分布(bu)于東準噶(ga)爾將軍(jun)廟一(yi)帶的這一(yi)套海相碎屑巖(yan)夾灰巖(yan)定為(wei)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)建造”，后被演(yan)化為(wei)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)組”，該處(chu)也(ye)因此得名(ming)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)”。

公園遺跡

新疆奇(qi)臺硅化(hua)木(mu)—恐龍(long)國家地(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)位于古絲綢之路新北道上(shang)的(de)奇(qi)臺縣(xian)境內 （東經(jing)89°40′—90°37′，北緯44°25′—44°58′），西南距烏魯木(mu)齊市350km，總面積492km2，是以古生物化(hua)石(shi)類(lei)、地(di)貌類(lei)地(di)質(zhi)遺跡為(wei)(wei)主的(de)國家級(ji)地(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)。內含(han)硅化(hua)木(mu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區、恐龍(long)溝(gou)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區、魔鬼城雅丹(dan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區和石(shi)錢灘景(jing)(jing)(jing)區，是中國西北地(di)區唯一(yi)以典型、稀有、珍貴的(de)硅化(hua)木(mu)群、恐龍(long)化(hua)石(shi)為(wei)(wei)主體的(de)國家地(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)。

地質發現平(ping)原區，而是(shi)湖(hu)泊邊緣，環(huan)境與氣(qi)候與現在(zai)(zai)大不相(xiang)(xiang)同。侏(zhu)羅紀(ji)(ji)(ji)早期(qi)一(yi)中期(qi)，這里河(he)流縱橫，沼(zhao)(zhao)澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)發(fa)(fa)育，氣(qi)候溫暖(nuan)潮(chao)濕(shi)，生(sheng)長著(zhu)茂(mao)密的(de)(de)裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)物，如(ru)松(song)柏類，另外還有蕨類，為典型(xing)的(de)(de)聚煤環(huan)境，沉積(ji)(ji)河(he)沼(zhao)(zhao)相(xiang)(xiang)和河(he)湖(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)灰色(se)砂(sha)巖(yan)、泥巖(yan)和厚(hou)(hou)度較大的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)煤層(ceng)。侏(zhu)羅紀(ji)(ji)(ji)晚(wan)期(qi)，氣(qi)候開始向干旱、干熱轉(zhuan)變并伴(ban)有季節性變化(hua)(hua)(hua)，沼(zhao)(zhao)澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)不再(zai)發(fa)(fa)育，植(zhi)物生(sheng)長環(huan)境較前(qian)期(qi)差(cha)一(yi)些，沉積(ji)(ji)形(xing)成了河(he)湖(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)紫紅色(se)含(han)礫(li)砂(sha)巖(yan)、砂(sha)巖(yan)夾灰黃色(se)砂(sha)巖(yan)的(de)(de)紅層(ceng)，被(bei)埋藏的(de)(de)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)變成硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)而被(bei)保存下來。奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)形(xing)成于(yu)侏(zhu)羅紀(ji)(ji)(ji)紅色(se)砂(sha)泥巖(yan)中。現在(zai)(zai)，有的(de)(de)埋于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)下厚(hou)(hou)約(yue)10米左右，有的(de)(de)裸(luo)露地(di)(di)(di)表，分布范圍約(yue)為10多(duo)平(ping)方公(gong)里，露于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)表多(duo)達千余棵，有的(de)(de)直立，有的(de)(de)橫臥，還可見樹(shu)樁，深深插入巖(yan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)樹(shu)根。地(di)(di)(di)表到處是(shi)風化(hua)(hua)(hua)了的(de)(de)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)碎片。從(cong)外形(xing)上來看，硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)保持樹(shu)干的(de)(de)原形(xing)，木(mu)(mu)(mu)紋及年(nian)輪清晰可辨(bian)，亦有著(zhu)敦(dun)實的(de)(de)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)感。但若用(yong)手一(yi)摸，卻又冷硬(ying)似鐵(tie)石一(yi)般。再(zai)撿(jian)起(qi)碎塊敲一(yi)敲，叮當悅耳(er)，猶如(ru)金石聲，可謂是(shi)“硬(ying)如(ru)鐵(tie)，聲如(ru)磬”，令人嘖嘖稱奇(qi)(qi)。硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)俗稱“石樹(shu)”，是(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石的(de)(de)一(yi)類。當樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)被(bei)沉積(ji)(ji)物掩埋后．地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)中所含(han)二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)與樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)進行分子(zi)間的(de)(de)等(deng)速置換(huan)，直到木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)組(zu)份被(bei)二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)取代，從(cong)而形(xing)成完整保留樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)結(jie)構的(de)(de)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石。

地質景點

硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)群(qun)一日游自奇臺(tai)(tai)縣(xian)(xian)沿(yan)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)一西地(di)—旱溝的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)道向東北行約60km，可(ke)達(da)地(di)質(zhi)公園南部芨(ji)芨(ji)湖(hu)入口處(chu)，沿(yan)228省(sheng)道至(zhi)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)園，沿(yan)途(tu)可(ke)領(ling)略將軍戈壁的(de)(de)廣袤，參(can)觀將軍廟遺址，了解將軍戈壁名稱的(de)(de)由(you)來(lai)。在(zai)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)景(jing)區(qu)，游亞洲最大的(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)群(qun)：在(zai)恐龍(long)溝景(jing)區(qu)實(shi)地(di)參(can)觀恐龍(long)化(hua)石采坑(keng)了解現已絕滅的(de)(de)恐龍(long)在(zai)侏羅紀(ji)曾怎樣生活在(zai)地(di)球(qiu) 上，最后或直接回奇臺(tai)(tai)，或沿(yan)228省(sheng)道向北至(zhi)喀納斯景(jing)區(qu)。