陜(shan)西(xi)牛(niu)背(bei)梁國家森(sen)林公園(yuan)位于商洛(luo)市(shi)柞(zuo)水(shui)縣營盤鎮朱家灣(wan)村,北以秦嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)主脊分水(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)與(yu)長安區(qu)為(wei)界(jie),海拔1000-2802m,相對高(gao)差1800m,高(gao)峰2802m,為(wei)秦嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)東段高(gao)峰,占據長安、柞(zuo)水(shui)、寧(ning)陜(shan)三縣,是西(xi)安市(shi)和(he)陜(shan)南(nan)(nan)地區(qu)的(de)重要水(shui)源涵(han)養地,因(yin)其山(shan)脊像牛(niu)背(bei)而得(de)名。亞洲隧(sui)道18公里長的(de)終南(nan)(nan)山(shan)隧(sui)道從其腹部穿過(guo),景(jing)區(qu)內(nei)群山(shan)雄(xiong)(xiong)峙(zhi),峰巒疊嶂,多數地方溝谷深邃,峭壁懸絕;河(he)流(liu)水(shui)清(qing)流(liu)急(ji),變(bian)化萬端,自(zi)然景(jing)色雄(xiong)(xiong)渾壯麗。柞(zuo)水(shui)縣將(jiang)牛(niu)背(bei)梁建成國家森(sen)林公園(yuan),將(jiang)秦嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)造山(shan)帶地質內(nei)容的(de)科學內(nei)涵(han)和(he)地表景(jing)觀風光整合在(zai)公園(yuan)內(nei),使地質遺跡景(jing)觀、人文(wen)景(jing)觀、植物資源交相輝映。
牛背梁國家森(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源十分豐(feng)富,面積(ji)不大,但它(ta)卻孕育了(le)豐(feng)富的生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)珍稀瀕(bin)危動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),被稱為(wei)“天然動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)”,是中(zhong)(zhong)國以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護國家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)羚牛及其(qi)棲息地(di)為(wei)主(zhu)的森(sen)林(lin)和(he)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)型的國家級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區。已知(zhi)區內有(you)獸類(lei)(lei)60種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)124種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲爬行類(lei)(lei)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)國家一級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)羚牛、豹(bao)、林(lin)麝、黑(hei)(hei)鸛4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)黑(hei)(hei)熊(xiong)、紅(hong)腹角雉、大鯢(ni)等(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),地(di)方保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。同時,也(ye)被稱為(wei)“天然植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)”,已知(zhi)區內有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)105科,433屬(shu),950種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(中(zhong)(zhong)國特有(you)屬(shu)12個,特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)459種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),秦嶺(ling)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)國家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)紅(hong)豆杉、Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太白紅(hong)杉、連(lian)香樹、水曲柳(liu)、大葉櫸(ju),省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
景區面積1100公頃,海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)由1400米抬升至2500米,景區不(bu)同海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)自然生長著落(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)帶(dai)(dai)、針闊葉(xie)混(hun)交林(lin)帶(dai)(dai)、針葉(xie)林(lin)帶(dai)(dai)。在海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)快速抬升的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),分布其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)、石(shi)(shi)筍、石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)、石(shi)(shi)林(lin)形態各異,錯落(luo)有致,有的(de)連成一片(pian),有的(de)散落(luo)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)。地(di)質學家考證,稱為峰(feng)林(lin)。尤(you)其(qi)是雨后的(de)六尺(chi)嶺景區,青山、綠樹、懸崖、獨峰(feng)、云海(hai)(hai)、構(gou)成的(de)壯(zhuang)麗畫卷,猶(you)如仙境。
景(jing)區全長(chang)3.7公里,山體(ti)在這里將合未合、將開(kai)未開(kai)、留下一線青天,在如此奇險(xian)的峽(xia)谷夾縫(feng)中(zhong),美(mei)輪美(mei)奐的清(qing)澗飛瀉其中(zhong),增添了無限的靈秀之美(mei)。蒼郁(yu)的古樹掩映下,山泉(quan)婉轉(zhuan)流淌,三峽(xia)、六(liu)瀑、八園、十橋(qiao)、三十六(liu)潭……山光水色的極致景(jing)點星羅棋(qi)布、如詩如畫……
08:00-18:00
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兒童/老人(ren)票:55元
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2、現役軍人(ren)(需持軍官(guan)證和保障卡)
3、年滿65周歲以上的老年人(ren)
4、身高1.20米(含1.20米)以下的兒童
5、警察(持警官證(zheng))
乘車路線:
在西(xi)安城南客運(yun)站(zhan)(zhan)乘坐柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)方向的班(ban)車,早(zao)班(ban)車為早(zao)6:00,每20分鐘一趟(tang),票價(jia)28元,到柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)汽車站(zhan)(zhan)后,轉乘柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)至牛背梁國家森林公園的公交車即可,票價(jia)9元。
自駕路線:
從西安上(shang)繞城高速,經(jing)包(bao)茂(西康)高速過秦嶺終南山隧道至(zhi)營盤出口左行5公里即到牛背(bei)梁國家森(sen)林(lin)公園,全程約60公里。
柞(zuo)水(shui)野(ye)生獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(又(you)名楊桃)是(shi)中國資(zi)源豐富的地區,獨特的自(zi)然(ran)環境使柞(zuo)水(shui)縣獼(mi)猴(hou)桃風味奇特,生食酸適口,梅(mei)味濃(nong)郁,味鮮汁多,富含(han)人體所需的17種(zhong)氨基酸和黃酮(tong)類(lei)物質及硇、諸、鋅、VC等元素,VC含(han)量居水(shui)果(guo)之首,被人們(men)稱為第七大(da)營養素,是(shi)高空、海(hai)底、礦(kuang)井,高山等特種(zhong)工作人員及老弱婦幼的優良滋補品(pin),其(qi)特色就在于(yu)“野(ye)”字(zi),野(ye)得自(zi)然(ran),野(ye)得有味,是(shi)流(liu)動的山野(ye)風情!
柞水盛(sheng)產板(ban)栗(li)。柞水板(ban)栗(li)原名柞水大紅(hong)栗(li),為中(zhong)國栗(li)北(bei)方品種(zhong)中(zhong)優(you)良品種(zhong)之一,以個大色(se)潤(run),甜脆(cui)適(shi)口,果粒(li)飽滿,營養豐(feng)富,品質獨特(te)著稱。
鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)會(hui)腌臘肉(rou),鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)會(hui)釀造包(bao)谷酒(jiu)。在鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)民間去訪問,你如果想知道老百(bai)姓的日子(zi)(zi)(zi)怎么樣,首(shou)先彎腰揭開(kai)酒(jiu)缸上的大石板(ban),量(liang)一量(liang)里面酒(jiu)的深度,其次(ci),抬頭向上,數一數屋檁(lin)上掛的臘肉(rou)塊子(zi)(zi)(zi)有多少,就心中有數了。鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)土好,水(shui)(shui)乃生(sheng)命之源,水(shui)(shui)的軟硬(ying)(ying)直接影(ying)響著人(ren)(ren)的生(sheng)活質量(liang),軟水(shui)(shui)煮飯,食不(bu)耐饑,硬(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)煮飯,吃了不(bu)容易消化(hua),所以,一個胃(wei)口(kou)嬌氣的人(ren)(ren)猛然到(dao)一個新的地(di)方,總是不(bu)服水(shui)(shui)土換肚子(zi)(zi)(zi),然而到(dao)鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)出差的人(ren)(ren),從來沒有發(fa)生(sheng)過換肚子(zi)(zi)(zi)的現象。鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)的好水(shui)(shui),養育出如花似玉的鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi);鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)的好水(shui)(shui),釀造出回味無窮(qiong)的包(bao)谷酒(jiu)。
柞水盛產香椿。高山、川垣、河谷處處皆有。家植的、野生的數不勝數。陽(yang)春三四月(yue),正是(shi)采椿(chun)時,家家人攀樹,戶戶刀不閑,采椿(chun)芽、制香(xiang)菜(cai),售于市,一派繁(fan)忙景象。柞水紅香(xiang)椿加工廠生產(chan)的“牛背梁”牌柞水紅香(xiang)椿2005年獲綠(lv)色食品認(ren)證(zheng),并在(zai)第(di)11屆(jie)楊凌農(nong)業高新技術博覽會上(shang)榮獲后稷金(jin)像(xiang)獎(jiang)。
柞水漁(yu)鼓又(you)稱漁(yu)鼓道情,其伴(ban)奏樂器漁(yu)鼓筒又(you)稱為道筒,是終南山道教文化的產物。
漁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用竹筒(tong)制(zhi)作,筒(tong)長(chang)65-100厘米,鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)面直徑一般在13-14厘米左(zuo)右,一端蒙以豬皮(pi)、羊皮(pi)或油膜(豬膀胱(guang)膜)。演(yan)奏時,左(zuo)手豎抱漁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),右手擊拍鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)面。指法有(you)“擊”、“滾”、“抹(mo)”、“彈”等(deng)。漁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的表演(yan)分站唱(chang)和(he)坐唱(chang)兩種形(xing)式,演(yan)唱(chang)者懷(huai)抱漁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兼操簡(jian)板和(he)銅(tong)镲,為(wei)演(yan)唱(chang)伴奏。
柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水花鼓(gu)戲(xi),可(ke)稱(cheng)作是(shi)柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水民(min)歌劇(ju)。其音樂有三(san)個(ge)特點(dian)(dian)、三(san)大部分(fen)。三(san)個(ge)特點(dian)(dian):一是(shi)群眾性(xing)。柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水花鼓(gu)根植于(yu)民(min)間,與(yu)柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)方言(yan)語(yu)言(yan)、柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水的(de)(de)民(min)歌小調有著極為密切的(de)(de)聯系(xi)。二(er)是(shi)創作的(de)(de)集體性(xing)。花鼓(gu)戲(xi)從(cong)湖北、安康到柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水,從(cong)上一代(dai)到下一代(dai)的(de)(de)流傳過程中(zhong),曾有無數人(ren)(ren)參(can)與(yu)創作、加工(gong)、潤色,從(cong)而凝(ning)聚了世代(dai)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)藝術(shu)智慧(hui)。三(san)是(shi)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)性(xing)。歷(li)史上的(de)(de)花鼓(gu)音樂沒有樂譜,靠口頭傳唱。在傳唱中(zhong),由(you)于(yu)各人(ren)(ren)條件不(bu)同(tong)(tong),方言(yan)語(yu)音不(bu)同(tong)(tong),會發生若干變(bian)(bian)化,使同(tong)(tong)一劇(ju)種的(de)(de)唱腔形成為幾個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)風(feng)格的(de)(de)流派。
“社火”源于古老(lao)的宗教信(xin)仰。“因崇拜(bai)而思獻媚(mei),假(jia)歌舞(wu)以祈(qi)福佑”。社火的特指意義,是指春節期間(jian)民(min)間(jian)帶有媚(mei)神性質的風(feng)俗歌舞(wu),它(ta)來源于人們對古老(lao)的土(tu)地(di)與火的崇拜(bai)。“社”為土(tu)地(di)之神,“火”能(neng)驅難避(bi)邪。在黃河流域,“社火”有著幾(ji)千(qian)年(nian)的傳統和歷史,是中華民(min)族古老(lao)的風(feng)俗之一。