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地理位置與氣候

重慶(qing)藥(yao)(yao)用植物園(yuan)隸屬于(yu)重慶(qing)市藥(yao)(yao)物種植研究(jiu)所(suo)，原(yuan)四川(chuan)省中醫藥(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)院藥(yao)(yao)物種植研究(jiu)所(suo)。地處重慶(qing)市南(nan)川(chuan)區金佛山腳下，距(ju)縣城15公(gong)里。位于(yu)東(dong)經107°21′。北緯(wei)28°95′。海拔630米。屬四川(chuan)盆地亞熱帶濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和、雨(yu)量充沛(pei)、冬無(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)酷(ku)暑、霜雪稀少、無(wu)霜期長(chang)，具有明顯的季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)16.3℃。1月份平(ping)均(jun)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)5.8℃，極(ji)端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-3℃，7月份平(ping)均(jun)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)26.2℃，極(ji)端最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)34.6℃。年(nian)降水(shui)量1250.2毫米。

發展歷程及資源介紹

重(zhong)慶藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)園創建(jian)于1947年(nian)，是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)最(zui)早建(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)標本園。當時附(fu)設在藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)研究(jiu)所前身中(zhong)央林業(ye)實(shi)驗所常(chang)山種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)試(shi)驗場的(de)(de)(de)苗圃內，占地約0.7公頃。到1949年(nian)底，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)292種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。解放后，隨著黨(dang)對中(zhong)醫中(zhong)藥(yao)事業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視和藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)栽培科研的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)燕尾服，現已擁有(you)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2300余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（不包括品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），成為藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要科研基地，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源保(bao)存的(de)(de)(de)主要集中(zhong)地之(zhi)一。

全園(yuan)現有(you)土地面(mian)積約9.5公(gong)頃，其中標本(ben)(ben)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)占(zhan)地1.9公(gong)頃。試驗(yan)區(qu)約0.7公(gong)頃，繁(fan)殖(zhi)示范區(qu)5.5公(gong)頃，溫室(shi)(shi)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)室(shi)(shi)、科研(yan)樓、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)及四周綠化占(zhan)地1.3公(gong)頃。根(gen)據藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)特殊(shu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)和環境，已建成種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)小區(qu)12個(ge)。園(yuan)內主要科研(yan)設施有(you)實驗(yan)繁(fan)殖(zhi)溫室(shi)(shi)380平方米，氣象觀測站(zhan)一(yi)個(ge)，實驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)8間。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)室(shi)(shi)2間，收集(ji)保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)約800種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。原生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)材(cai)樣品(pin)室(shi)(shi)2間，收集(ji)保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)材(cai)樣品(pin)1200多(duo)個(ge)。臘(la)葉標本(ben)(ben)室(shi)(shi)7間，貯存(cun)臘(la)葉標本(ben)(ben)7000多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，近150000份(fen)，是我國保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)臘(la)葉標本(ben)(ben)最多(duo)的(de)單位(wei)之一(yi)。有(you)職工20人(ren)，其中科技人(ren)員(yuan)9人(ren)（縣中級職稱以上(shang)的(de)有(you)4人(ren)）。

交流與合作

在建園和科研的(de)同(tong)時，還開展大量的(de)科普工作(zuo)。該所以標本園為基地，先(xian)后舉了60多期全國、省、地縣(xian)中草(cao)藥材采、種、制訓練班或學習班。每年接(jie)待參(can)觀、實(shi)習達3000人(ren)次(ci)以上；接(jie)待愛好者近1萬人(ren)次(ci)。向外提供近1000種中草(cao)藥種子(zi)、種苗、數(shu)萬份臘葉標本及數(shu)百種原生藥樣品。

在開發工(gong)作方面，主(zhu)要依(yi)靠(kao)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)研實力和(he)豐富的(de)種(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)，結合科(ke)研成果的(de)推(tui)廣，繁殖和(he)銷售藥(yao)用(yong)、觀賞及其(qi)他經濟(ji)植(zhi)物(wu)苗木。代辦科(ke)研、教學需用(yong)的(de)臘葉標本和(he)生藥(yao)樣品(pin)等業務，開展以藥(yao)物(wu)種(zhong)植(zhi)、資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)花卉栽培技術(shu)咨(zi)詢。承包園(yuan)林綠化工(gong)程的(de)規劃和(he)施工(gong)管理等。

成果及未來建設

該園科研(yan)工(gong)作的總(zong)方(fang)向是進(jin)行藥用(yong)植物的收(shou)集、栽培、馴化和種(zhong)質資源的研(yan)究(jiu)。從西南、華東、華中(zhong)等地區(qu)發掘野生藥物資源，為中(zhong)藥材的科研(yan)、生產服(fu)務。

43年來，園內對(dui)上(shang)千種(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)行了野生(sheng)變家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)、良種(zhong)(zhong)選育及(ji)繁(fan)殖技(ji)術、收獲加(jia)工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初步研(yan)(yan)究。對(dui)入(ru)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕大(da)多數種(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行了生(sheng)態、生(sheng)境及(ji)物(wu)(wu)候期(qi)、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)特(te)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀察。并結(jie)合采種(zhong)(zhong)、引種(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)對(dui)四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)、貴州、云南、湖北等(deng)(deng)(deng)省藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)山體及(ji)地區(qu)，進(jin)行過藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)考察。從(cong)而(er)積累(lei)了豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術資料(liao)，為(wei)編(bian)(bian)寫《全國中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材生(sheng)產技(ji)術》、《中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)學(xue)》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)栽(zai)培(pei)》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術》、《常用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手冊》等(deng)(deng)(deng)書(shu)籍(ji)提(ti)供了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始資料(liao)。也(ye)為(wei)黃(huang)常山、益(yi)母草(cao)、天麻(ma)、半(ban)夏(xia)等(deng)(deng)(deng)野生(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功，云木香、懷山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、穿心蓮等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功，薏苡仁、烏頭(tou)(tou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功和(he)烏頭(tou)(tou)白絹病(bing)、湖北貝(bei)母鱗莖(jing)腐爛病(bing)、吳茱(zhu)萸褐天牛等(deng)(deng)(deng)病(bing)防治成(cheng)功，提(ti)供了許多有益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎資料(liao)。同時該園科研(yan)(yan)人員主(zhu)研(yan)(yan)或參研(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“酉陽青蒿資源(yuan)調(diao)查(cha)”、“四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資源(yuan)普查(cha)”、“金(jin)佛(fo)山經濟動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)調(diao)查(cha)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)科研(yan)(yan)項目，共獲各級(ji)科技(ji)成(cheng)果獎14項，其中(zhong)(zhong)國家(jia)級(ji)1項，省級(ji)9項。累(lei)計發表(biao)學(xue)術論(lun)文(wen)近100篇（包括(kuo)合作撰寫）。參加(jia)編(bian)(bian)寫《四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)志(zhi)》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)志(zhi)》和(he)《中(zhong)(zhong)國珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)紅皮書(shu)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)著作9部(bu)。

著重藥(yao)(yao)用植物建園(yuan)，突(tu)出為藥(yao)(yao)物種植科研(yan)服務，全(quan)力保存(cun)我國(guo)傳(chuan)統地道藥(yao)(yao)材的種質資源，集中體現四川東部豐富的藥(yao)(yao)用植物種類，是該園(yuan)的建園(yuan)方針。