重(zhong)慶(qing)藥用植物(wu)園隸屬于(yu)重(zhong)慶(qing)市藥物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植研究所,原四川(chuan)(chuan)省中醫藥研究院藥物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植研究所。地處重(zhong)慶(qing)市南川(chuan)(chuan)區金佛山腳下,距縣城(cheng)15公(gong)里。位于(yu)東經107°21′。北緯28°95′。海拔630米。屬四川(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)地亞熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和、雨量充沛(pei)、冬(dong)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒、夏無(wu)酷暑、霜雪稀少、無(wu)霜期長,具有明顯的季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫16.3℃。1月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫5.8℃,極(ji)端最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-3℃,7月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫26.2℃,極(ji)端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫34.6℃。年(nian)降水量1250.2毫米。
重慶藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)園創建于1947年,是(shi)我國最早(zao)建立(li)的(de)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)標本園。當(dang)時附設在藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)研(yan)究所(suo)(suo)前(qian)身中央(yang)林業實驗所(suo)(suo)常山種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)試驗場的(de)苗圃內,占地約0.7公頃。到1949年底,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)292種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。解放后,隨著黨對中醫中藥(yao)(yao)事業的(de)重視(shi)和藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)科研(yan)的(de)發燕尾(wei)服,現已擁有藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2300余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(不包括品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),成(cheng)為藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)究的(de)重要科研(yan)基地,也是(shi)我國藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)保(bao)存(cun)的(de)主要集中地之(zhi)一。
全(quan)園現(xian)有(you)土地面積約9.5公(gong)頃(qing),其中(zhong)標(biao)本(ben)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)占地1.9公(gong)頃(qing)。試驗(yan)區(qu)約0.7公(gong)頃(qing),繁殖示范區(qu)5.5公(gong)頃(qing),溫室(shi)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)室(shi)、科研樓、生(sheng)活區(qu)及(ji)四周綠化(hua)占地1.3公(gong)頃(qing)。根據藥用(yong)植物(wu)特殊的生(sheng)態和(he)環境,已(yi)建成種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植小區(qu)12個。園內主要科研設(she)施有(you)實驗(yan)繁殖溫室(shi)380平方米,氣象觀測(ce)站一(yi)個,實驗(yan)室(shi)8間(jian)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)室(shi)2間(jian),收集保(bao)存(cun)(cun)藥物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)約800種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。原生(sheng)藥材樣(yang)品室(shi)2間(jian),收集保(bao)存(cun)(cun)藥材樣(yang)品1200多個。臘(la)葉(xie)標(biao)本(ben)室(shi)7間(jian),貯存(cun)(cun)臘(la)葉(xie)標(biao)本(ben)7000多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),近150000份(fen),是我國保(bao)存(cun)(cun)藥用(yong)植物(wu)臘(la)葉(xie)標(biao)本(ben)最多的單(dan)位(wei)之一(yi)。有(you)職工(gong)20人(ren),其中(zhong)科技人(ren)員9人(ren)(縣中(zhong)級職稱以上的有(you)4人(ren))。
在(zai)建園和科研(yan)的同(tong)時,還(huan)開展大量的科普(pu)工(gong)作。該(gai)所以標本(ben)園為基地(di),先后舉了60多(duo)期全(quan)國、省、地(di)縣(xian)中(zhong)草藥材采、種(zhong)、制訓練班或學習班。每年接待參觀、實習達3000人次(ci)以上;接待愛好者(zhe)近(jin)1萬(wan)人次(ci)。向外提供近(jin)1000種(zhong)中(zhong)草藥種(zhong)子、種(zhong)苗、數萬(wan)份臘葉標本(ben)及數百(bai)種(zhong)原生藥樣品。
在開發工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)面,主要依靠藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科研實(shi)力和(he)豐富的種質資(zi)源,結合科研成果(guo)的推(tui)廣,繁殖和(he)銷售藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)、觀賞及其他經(jing)濟(ji)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)苗木。代辦科研、教學(xue)需用(yong)(yong)的臘葉(xie)標(biao)本和(he)生(sheng)藥(yao)樣(yang)品等業(ye)務(wu),開展以藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)種植(zhi)、資(zi)源和(he)花卉栽(zai)培技術咨詢。承包園(yuan)林(lin)綠化工(gong)程(cheng)的規劃(hua)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)管理等。
該園(yuan)科研工作的(de)總方向是進(jin)行(xing)藥(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)的(de)收集(ji)、栽培、馴(xun)化和(he)種質資(zi)源的(de)研究。從西南、華東、華中等地區(qu)發掘(jue)野生藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源,為(wei)中藥(yao)材的(de)科研、生產服(fu)務(wu)。
43年來,園內對上千種常(chang)(chang)用(yong)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)了野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)變(bian)家(jia)種、良種選育及(ji)繁殖技(ji)術(shu)、收獲(huo)加工(gong)方(fang)法等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)步(bu)研究。對入園的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕大多(duo)數(shu)種進行(xing)了生(sheng)態(tai)、生(sheng)境(jing)及(ji)物候(hou)期、生(sheng)物學特性的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀察。并結合采種、引種,分(fen)別(bie)對四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)、貴(gui)州、云南(nan)、湖北等(deng)(deng)(deng)省藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)山體及(ji)地區,進行(xing)過藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物資(zi)源考察。從而(er)積累了豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)資(zi)料(liao)(liao),為編(bian)寫(xie)《全國中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材生(sheng)產技(ji)術(shu)》、《中(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培學》、《四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培》、《四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)》、《四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)》、《常(chang)(chang)用(yong)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手冊》等(deng)(deng)(deng)書(shu)籍提供了大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)。也(ye)為黃常(chang)(chang)山、益母(mu)草(cao)、天(tian)麻、半(ban)夏等(deng)(deng)(deng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功,云木(mu)香(xiang)、懷山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、穿(chuan)心蓮等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功,薏苡仁(ren)、烏頭等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功和(he)烏頭白絹病、湖北貝母(mu)鱗莖(jing)腐爛病、吳茱(zhu)萸(yu)褐天(tian)牛等(deng)(deng)(deng)病防治成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功,提供了許多(duo)有益的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎資(zi)料(liao)(liao)。同時該(gai)園科研人員主研或參(can)研的(de)(de)(de)(de)“酉陽青蒿資(zi)源調查(cha)”、“四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源普查(cha)”、“金佛山經濟動植(zhi)物資(zi)源調查(cha)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)科研項(xiang)目,共獲(huo)各級科技(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果獎14項(xiang),其中(zhong)國家(jia)級1項(xiang),省級9項(xiang)。累計發表學術(shu)論(lun)文(wen)近100篇(pian)(包(bao)括合作(zuo)(zuo)撰(zhuan)寫(xie))。參(can)加編(bian)寫(xie)《四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)植(zhi)物志》、《四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)志》和(he)《中(zhong)國珍稀(xi)瀕危(wei)植(zhi)物紅皮書(shu)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)著作(zuo)(zuo)9部。
著重藥(yao)用(yong)植物建園,突(tu)出(chu)為藥(yao)物種(zhong)植科研(yan)服務(wu),全力保存我國傳統地(di)道藥(yao)材的種(zhong)質資源,集(ji)中體現四川(chuan)東部豐(feng)富(fu)的藥(yao)用(yong)植物種(zhong)類,是該園的建園方針。