古鎮歷史
清(qing)光緒(xu)《永川(chuan)縣志·輿地·山川(chuan)》記(ji)載(zai):“松(song)(song)子(zi)(zi)(zi)溉(gai),邑之雄鎮也。商旅云(yun)集,設有水塘汛,查(cha)緝(ji)奸盜。又(you)下曰(yue)東岳(yue)沱(tuo)(tuo),深數十(shi)丈,石(shi)刻‘澄江(jiang)如練(lian)’四(si)字(郡守陳邦器書)。沱(tuo)(tuo)上(shang)北(bei)岸,有后溪水來注之。東岳(yue)沱(tuo)(tuo)之前,曰(yue)啞巴溉(gai),水最險(xian)惡,往(wang)來舟子(zi)(zi)(zi)不敢(gan)(gan)作欸乃(nai)聲,故此(ci)以名(ming)。其下流有巨(ju)石(shi)立江(jiang)邊,形如蝦蟆。水漲及蝦蟆口,船無(wu)敢(gan)(gan)上(shang)下者。過此(ci)為(wei)大(da)磯硇灘,江(jiang)流至彼,乃(nai)入江(jiang)津界。”以境內(nei)松(song)(song)子(zi)(zi)(zi)山、溉(gai)(jì)水取名(ming)松(song)(song)子(zi)(zi)(zi)溉(gai),簡稱松(song)(song)溉(gai)。
松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)始建時間,無史籍可考(kao)。據清(qing)(qing)(qing)嘉慶《四(si)川通(tong)志》記載(zai)(zai):南(nan)宋陳鵬飛(字少南(nan),與蘇(su)東坡、張子昭(zhao)被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)當世注經“三杰(jie)”)因被(bei)秦檜誣(wu)陷遭貶,偕妻在(zai)此(ci)設(she)(she)館(guan)教學。可知當時松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)已有場鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)《永(yong)川縣(xian)志》記述的“鄉(xiang)(xiang)甲舊里(li)”中的“松(song)(song)(song)子里(li)”,即指(zhi)此(ci)處(chu)。松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)玉皇觀內明朝萬歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間知縣(xian)徐先登德政碑文記載(zai)(zai),縣(xian)治(zhi)曾移此(ci)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)《永(yong)川縣(xian)志》載(zai)(zai):清(qing)(qing)(qing)順治(zhi)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1661年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))知縣(xian)趙國(guo)顯也設(she)(she)縣(xian)治(zhi)于此(ci),招撫流(liu)亡(wang)。康熙四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1665年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))縣(xian)治(zhi)遷(qian)回縣(xian)城;清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1747年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))曾于此(ci)設(she)(she)總爺衙(ya)門,與縣(xian)城一(yi)樣修有城隍(huang)廟;清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))設(she)(she)把總。民(min)國(guo)初(chu)(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)場。民(min)國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),名(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。民(min)國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)聯保(bao)。民(min)國(guo)27年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)新生(sheng)活(huo)運(yun)動(dong)總會婦女(nv)指(zhi)導(dao)委員(yuan)會在(zai)此(ci)設(she)(she)立紡織實(shi)驗(yan)區,名(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)實(shi)驗(yan)鄉(xiang)(xiang),實(shi)行廠鄉(xiang)(xiang)合一(yi),廠長兼鄉(xiang)(xiang)長。民(min)國(guo)29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),直至(zhi)永(yong)川縣(xian)解(jie)放(fang)。解(jie)放(fang)初(chu)(chu),成立鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人民(min)政府,1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)劃出鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)屬農(nong)村部分(fen)建立松(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang),1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)松(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)劃為(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)、新華兩(liang)個鄉(xiang)(xiang),1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)兩(liang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)合并(bing)(bing)仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)合并(bing)(bing)建鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)江(jiang)公(gong)社(she)。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)社(she)分(fen)開(kai)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)合并(bing)(bing)為(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)公(gong)社(she)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)公(gong)社(she)。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)公(gong)社(she)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)合并(bing)(bing)建松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),均屬何埂區。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)“撤區并(bing)(bing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)建鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”,松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)與聚(ju)美鄉(xiang)(xiang)合并(bing)(bing)組建松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),屬永(yong)川市管(guan)轄。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)恢復(fu)聚(ju)美鄉(xiang)(xiang)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue),撤銷聚(ju)美鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),將原聚(ju)美鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)勝(sheng)、魚嶺、打魚三個行政村劃歸松(song)(song)(song)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。
歷(li)史(shi)上的(de)(de)松溉(gai)(gai),是永川、榮(rong)昌(chang)、隆昌(chang)、瀘州、銅梁、大足、內江一(yi)帶商賈來往(wang)重慶販運(yun)和做生(sheng)(sheng)意的(de)(de)物(wu)資集散(san)樞(shu)紐。水路(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)上、中(zhong)、下三個(ge)碼頭,江上來往(wang)船只(zhi)川流(liu)不息。陸路(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸方(fang)式主(zhu)要是馬(ma)(ma)幫(bang),從各縣(xian)境(jing)內運(yun)貨至此的(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)和騾子每日近千(qian)匹,在老(lao)(lao)街(jie)(jie)上熙熙攘攘,絡繹不絕(jue)。為(wei)馬(ma)(ma)幫(bang)服務的(de)(de)行業—馬(ma)(ma)房(fang)也應運(yun)而生(sheng)(sheng),昌(chang)盛時達20多家。隨著公路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)建(jian)成(cheng),馬(ma)(ma)房(fang)逐步衰落,直至1978年(nian),最后(hou)一(yi)家馬(ma)(ma)房(fang)才關閉。松溉(gai)(gai)當年(nian)人(ren)口(kou)逾五萬人(ren),水路(lu)(lu)(lu)繁(fan)忙、商號(hao)林立(li)、市場(chang)繁(fan)榮(rong),故有(you)“白日千(qian)人(ren)拱手,入(ru)夜萬盞(zhan)明(ming)燈”之(zhi)說。抗戰(zhan)時期,國民(min)政府“新生(sheng)(sheng)活運(yun)動總會”所屬“新生(sheng)(sheng)活婦女指(zhi)導(dao)委員(yuan)(yuan)會”曾將松溉(gai)(gai)劃為(wei)“實驗鄉—紡織實驗區”,開(kai)辦“新運(yun)動紡織廠(chang)”和農場(chang)。“新生(sheng)(sheng)活婦女指(zhi)導(dao)委員(yuan)(yuan)會”主(zhu)任委員(yuan)(yuan)宋美(mei)齡曾親臨松溉(gai)(gai)視察。鎮(zhen)內擁有(you)十里(li)(li)青石板路(lu)(lu)(lu),松溉(gai)(gai)老(lao)(lao)街(jie)(jie)蜿(wan)蜓曲折,漫步其(qi)(qi)間(jian),仍能感受(shou)到濃郁的(de)(de)古(gu)樸(pu)韻(yun)味。其(qi)(qi)老(lao)(lao)街(jie)(jie)總長約十華里(li)(li),雄(xiong)居重慶古(gu)鎮(zhen)之(zhi)首。有(you)明(ming)清(qing)時代(dai)四合院、雕樓、吊(diao)腳樓、古(gu)縣(xian)衙(ya)、皇(huang)帝御批祠堂—羅家祠堂、夫子墳、陳公堰等一(yi)批歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化遺跡(ji)。賽龍舟、龍燈、腰鼓、錢(qian)槍等民(min)俗表演,也別具特色。
目前松溉(gai)古鎮(zhen)(zhen)算不上成熟的景(jing)點,但保(bao)留著(zhu)相當一(yi)部分古樸的建筑,也有(you)一(yi)部分建筑經過修繕或者(zhe)根據考證以及仿古修建。除了古鎮(zhen)(zhen)古樸的民俗風格外(wai),古鎮(zhen)(zhen)的羅家(jia)(jia)祠(ci)堂、陳(chen)家(jia)(jia)大院、永川縣衙都是值得一(yi)看(kan)的單元。
羅家祠(ci)堂(tang),祠(ci)堂(tang)部分(fen)根據(ju)原(yuan)貌進行(xing)(xing)修繕,外(wai)面的(de)(de)戲臺和觀眾席是現代重新(xin)修造。祠(ci)堂(tang)現由羅家的(de)(de)宗孫進行(xing)(xing)看護,據(ju)說(shuo),每(mei)年的(de)(de)清明節,羅氏家族將會在這里(li)舉辦羅氏宗親會,以祭(ji)奠祖(zu)先(xian)。在祠(ci)堂(tang)內(nei)擺放著從(cong)羅氏始祖(zu)到十六世的(de)(de)先(xian)人(ren)的(de)(de)靈位。據(ju)介紹,羅家祠(ci)堂(tang)還在不斷進行(xing)(xing)完善。
陳家大院(yuan),是一個原汁(zhi)原味的四合院(yuan),據了解這里是著名影(ying)星陳沖(chong)的祖(zu)籍所在地(di),院(yuan)內專設陳列室(shi)供游(you)客觀(guan)賞。
永川縣(xian)衙(ya)(ya),是一個(ge)現代(dai)修建的(de)建筑群,因為據考證(zheng)古(gu)代(dai)永川縣(xian)衙(ya)(ya)就(jiu)位于這里,現代(dai)人就(jiu)仿造古(gu)代(dai)建筑,修建了縣(xian)衙(ya)(ya)這個(ge)古(gu)建筑群。
主要景點編輯
羅家祠堂位于松子山街邊(bian),始建(jian)(jian)于明朝洪(hong)武年(nian)(nian)(nian)間。清(qing)“乾隆(long)”年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,四川解元,時任黔南太守、貴西巡道(dao)的羅文思,倡(chang)議擴建(jian)(jian)祠堂。他寫信給時任甘(gan)肅泰州清(qing)水知縣的羅奇(qi)(qi)英,得到大力支持(chi)。羅奇(qi)(qi)英為(wei)羅氏第十四代傳人。在羅奇(qi)(qi)英的主持(chi)下(xia),乾隆(long)四十年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始在松溉松子山擴建(jian)(jian)祠堂,歷時三年(nian)(nian)(nian),于乾隆(long)四十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴建(jian)(jian)完成。取名(ming)“世德堂”,距今已400多年(nian)(nian)(nian)了(le)。
羅家祠堂(tang)(tang)建成后(hou),時逢當朝皇帝派出的八府(fu)巡案(an)溯(su)江而上往瀘(lu)州,行(xing)至松溉(gai),見建祠人是他的老師,遂贈(zeng)扁(bian)題詞“羅府(fu)祠堂(tang)(tang)”。匾(bian)長2.8尺,寬1.2尺,“羅府(fu)祠堂(tang)(tang)”四字兩邊(bian)是金龍。這塊匾(bian)至今尚存在(zai)。據知在(zai)羅家祠堂(tang)(tang)內,原(yuan)來橫掛著明(ming)皇賜的“家法匾(bian)”,用以(yi)管教(jiao)族人。
現存(cun)的(de)(de)羅家祠(ci)堂(tang)全(quan)貌(mao)較好(hao),是(shi)保存(cun)完好(hao)的(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)祠(ci)堂(tang)。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)八根大柱,柱腳石墩雕(diao)刻(ke)的(de)(de)花草(cao)、鳥獸、石龍(long)、人(ren)物仍(reng)清晰顯現,橫梁木質串架完好(hao),正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側是(shi)古磚所砌的(de)(de)高風火墻,正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)房頂四角(jiao)斗翹(qiao),每個翹(qiao)角(jiao)塑有(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)龍(long),正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側修有(you)(you)廂房各幾間(jian),石拱卷門(men)(men),門(men)(men)坊橫石梁上也雕(diao)有(you)(you)花草(cao)、人(ren)物,十分(fen)別(bie)致。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)面是(shi)長方形石壩(ba)子(zi)一(yi)塊。前(qian)面有(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)木質戲臺,正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)后邊的(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)是(shi)供(gong)奉羅氏歷代祖宗的(de)(de)神主(zhu)牌位。這也類似明、清四合院(yuan)的(de)(de)建筑結構(gou)修建。
解放后,根據《中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)土地使(shi)用(yong)法》有(you)關規(gui)定,羅(luo)府(fu)祠(ci)堂(tang)被征用(yong),作為(wei)糧(liang)倉。為(wei)恢復羅(luo)府(fu)祠(ci)堂(tang)原貌,在(zai)當代企業家羅(luo)樹林的倡導下,成立了(le)羅(luo)氏會館(guan)領導班子(zi),募集資金(jin)。此舉得到松溉(gai)鎮黨委、政府(fu)的大力(li)支(zhi)持(chi),在(zai)2007年清(qing)明節前修復了(le)祠(ci)堂(tang)正殿(dian)。并通知川、黔(qian)、渝等地羅(luo)姓(xing)后人來松溉(gai)祭奠掃墓(mu),兩天內聚集羅(luo)姓(xing)家族多達2000人,聲勢浩大地舉行了(le)對前輩崇敬的祭祀典禮,請劇團、秧歌、腰鼓隊(dui),為(wei)慶典增添了(le)喜(xi)慶。
天井起到將自然(ran)光和新(xin)風引入室(shi)內的作用,但其更(geng)深層(ceng)次(ci)的意義在(zai)于營造共享空間(jian)的聚合氛圍和室(shi)內小環境(jing)景觀的優化作用。下雨時(shi)節,在(zai)這樣的內堂里觀雨不(bu)用淋濕的感覺又(you)是怎(zen)樣一番風味呢(ni)?