大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)“千(qian)朵蓮花山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,是千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈之東(dong)(dong)南邊緣的最后一(yi)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),與千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈一(yi)起(qi)同屬長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈系。大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)臨(lin)大(da)(da)洋河(he),南瀕(bin)黃海。由33座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),主峰(feng)海拔337.3米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢雄偉、古(gu)(gu)樹蒼勁,宛如(ru)黃海之濱一(yi)顆璀(cui)璨的明(ming)珠。因(yin)為(wei)聳立在濱海的平闊大(da)(da)野之上,顯得格外(wai)高大(da)(da)險峻,從而得名(ming)大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又因(yin)為(wei)兩峰(feng)并立,形如(ru)駱(luo)駝雙峰(feng),又名(ming)橐駝峰(feng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上景點繁多,歷史悠(you)久,素(su)有:水(shui)底洞天、怒濤(tao)海市、海島漁舟、鴿洞云深、東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)松濤(tao)、西嶺松濤(tao)、孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)圣水(shui)、峭(qiao)壁石人八大(da)(da)景之稱。這里(li)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水(shui)、海島濕地、古(gu)(gu)樹古(gu)(gu)廟構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)幅天然美(mei)景。古(gu)(gu)人曾(ceng)這樣贊(zan)美(mei)大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan):“石筍凌云插碧霄(xiao),巍巍佛(fo)寺依(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)椒,洋河(he)岸曲盤古(gu)(gu)鎮(zhen),峰(feng)逼瀾(lan)回(hui)怒晚潮(chao)”。
大(da)孤山古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群是(shi)與沈陽(yang)故宮并(bing)為遼寧省(sheng)規模較大(da)、現存保(bao)護最具完整的兩大(da)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群之一(yi)。根據《圣(sheng)水宮記》碑文(wen)記載:“圣(sheng)水宮,原名望海寺,傳系(xi)唐代(dai)(dai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)剎。”到了明代(dai)(dai)末(mo)年,殿(dian)宇荒廢,僅(jin)存基垣。現有(you)的廟(miao)(miao)堂都(dou)是(shi)清乾隆(long)年間以后建(jian)(jian)造的。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群占地(di)一(yi)萬多平方米,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積達五千多平方米,分(fen)為上廟(miao)(miao)群、下廟(miao)(miao)群、古(gu)(gu)(gu)戲樓(lou)三部分(fen),一(yi)條(tiao)中(zhong)軸線貫穿其(qi)中(zhong),整個布局呈繁體(ti)“壽”字形。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群集古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術之大(da)成,展遼東地(di)區人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)觀之大(da)觀,是(shi)集佛、道、儒三教文(wen)化于一(yi)體(ti),堪(kan)稱(cheng)東北地(di)區一(yi)處(chu)聞(wen)名遐邇的旅(lv)游勝地(di)。
大孤山古(gu)建筑群(qun)位(wei)于南山腰處,是遼寧現存(cun)較完整的“佛、道、儒”三教合(he)一(yi)的大型古(gu)剎,相(xiang)傳始建于唐代(dai)(dai),經(jing)歷代(dai)(dai)修葺,已有一(yi)千多年的歷史。現存(cun)廟宇(yu)為清代(dai)(dai)中晚期建筑,是省(sheng)級重點文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。
大孤山古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)是合(he)上廟(miao)、下廟(miao)、戲(xi)樓為(wei)一體的(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)。由天后(hou)(hou)宮以及十多個宮、殿、戲(xi)樓、石佛塔(ta)和觀(guan)(guan)(guan)海亭(ting)組成,其磚雕(diao)藝(yi)術遠近馳名。其樓、閣、宮、殿、亭(ting)、臺,隨山就勢成階層式院(yuan)落,布局緊湊,錯(cuo)落有致(zhi),造形完美、線條流(liu)暢,工藝(yi)精(jing)湛;集(ji)南、北建(jian)筑藝(yi)術之特(te)色,是自(zi)然景觀(guan)(guan)(guan)和人(ren)文景觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)結合(he)體,具有重要的(de)藝(yi)術研究價值。其中,天后(hou)(hou)宮為(wei)中國(guo)唐(tang)代最大的(de)媽(ma)祖殿堂(tang)。
古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群整體(ti)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),組成一個(ge)巨大的繁(fan)體(ti)“壽”字。登(deng)觀(guan)海亭遠眺(tiao),古(gu)鎮風光盡(jin)收眼底。海上波濤起伏,風帆(fan)出沒,蔚為壯觀(guan),獐、鹿(lu)二島,歷(li)歷(li)在目。時有(you)海霧煙波,山水蒼(cang)茫,如入畫中(zhong),別饒情(qing)趣。詩(shi)人(ren)有(you)曰:“曲水帶之歸海去,亂花隨雨(yu)落巖來。”
大(da)(da)孤山《紅(hong)樓夢》誕生的(de)(de)地(di)方,上廟(miao)便(bian)是《紅(hong)樓夢》中的(de)(de)櫳翠庵,你從古韻向上望(wang)去真是大(da)(da)孤山的(de)(de)一扇窗戶,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)比(bi)喻的(de)(de)十(shi)分恰當。還有(you)(you)屋脊(ji)崖(ya)(無(wu)稽崖(ya))里的(de)(de)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家堡,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)在《紅(hong)樓夢》中名之蘆雪(xue)(xue)廠,更(geng)是一絲(si)不差(cha)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家堡曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)大(da)(da)漢(han)真的(de)(de)是曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)的(de)(de)親(qin)宗,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)后裔。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)是曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)六十(shi)四(si)代(dai)孫(sun),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)大(da)(da)漢(han)是曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)六十(shi)三代(dai)孫(sun),今(jin)天不但有(you)(you)《紅(hong)樓夢》歷史文(wen)獻證明(ming)(ming),更(geng)有(you)(you)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)DNA證明(ming)(ming)。
大孤山山上古(gu)木(mu)參天,巨柞(zuo)(zuo)銀杏,夾道成(cheng)蔭,生長著松、柏、槐、楊、柞(zuo)(zuo)、楓、柳、榆、皂(zao)角(jiao)、連翹、鵝兒(er)櫪、法桐、臘樹(shu)等(deng)上百(bai)種樹(shu)木(mu)。丁香、玫瑰(gui)、杜鵑、櫻(ying)花等(deng)灌木(mu)種類繁多,到處可見。300年以上的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)樹(shu)有2000多株(zhu),構成(cheng)了層次分明的(de)(de)(de)森(sen)林景觀,被列為(wei)國家級(ji)森(sen)林公(gong)園。其(qi)中上廟的(de)(de)(de)兩棵古(gu)銀杏樹(shu)系(xi)唐代僧人修建(jian)“望(wang)海寺”時所植,距(ju)今1200余年,樹(shu)高20多米,胸(xiong)徑(jing)1.5米,至(zhi)今仍(reng)枝繁葉茂。山上的(de)(de)(de)圣水(shui)宮峭(qiao)壁涌泉,即使是炎夏盛暑,泉水(shui)仍(reng)清涼(liang)宜(yi)人。
小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)景區又稱小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)子,距孤山鎮約15公里(li)(li),東西長3.5公里(li)(li),南北寬(kuan)1.5公里(li)(li),是孤山的(de)延(yan)伸部分。由大小(xiao)14個島(dao)(dao)嶼和(he)半(ban)島(dao)(dao)組成(cheng)。其中六個較大的(de)島(dao)(dao)嶼已由10條海堤聯成(cheng)一體(ti),并有公路(lu)相通。小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)南側(ce)的(de)前陽海灘是一處天然的(de)海水浴(yu)場。小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)周圍海域物產豐(feng)富(fu),尤(you)以對蝦(xia)養(yang)殖著名。
大鹿島
大(da)鹿島(dao)是遼寧(ning)省大(da)孤(gu)山風景名勝(sheng)區的重要組(zu)成部分,位于東港(gang)市(shi)孤(gu)山鎮(zhen)東南19.3海(hai)里的黃(huang)海(hai)海(hai)面(mian)上(shang),四面(mian)環海(hai),西(xi)海(hai)域與(yu)(yu)莊(zhuang)河、大(da)連相連,東海(hai)域與(yu)(yu)大(da)東港(gang)、丹東鴨(ya)綠江融匯,與(yu)(yu)南北朝鮮相望。大(da)鹿島(dao)與(yu)(yu)孤(gu)山鎮(zhen)和小島(dao)間有(you)水路(lu)相通。東西(xi)長約(yue)4公(gong)里,南北寬約(yue)1.5公(gong)里,景區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)30平方公(gong)里,陸域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)6.6平方公(gong)里,大(da)鹿島(dao)附近(jin)有(you)當(dang)年“中日甲午(wu)海(hai)戰”遺址。
大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)氣候適宜,冬(dong)無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑(shu)。島(dao)前有(you)(you)360萬平方(fang)米的天然海濱(bin)浴(yu)(yu)場,是中(zhong)國黃(huang)(huang)海最大(da)的天然海濱(bin)浴(yu)(yu)場。大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)是鴨綠江口(kou)國家級濕地自然保護(hu)區的重要組(zu)成部分。震(zhen)驚中(zhong)外的甲午黃(huang)(huang)海大(da)戰(zhan)就爆發在大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海面,民族(zu)英(ying)(ying)雄“鄧世昌”及700名將(jiang)士和(he)“致(zhi)遠號(hao)”艦(jian)等4艘戰(zhan)艦(jian)分別犧牲和(he)沉沒(mei)在大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海面。島(dao)上(shang)有(you)(you)鄧世昌墓(mu)和(he)塑像、明(ming)代戍邊將(jiang)領毛文(wen)龍(long)碑亭(ting)、二郎石、嘎巴棗樹、滴水壺、老虎(hu)洞、駱駝峰、英(ying)(ying)式導(dao)航燈塔、丹麥教堂遺址(zhi)等多處(chu)自然和(he)人文(wen)景觀。
大鹿島盛(sheng)產對蝦、梭子(zi)蟹、雜色蛤(ha)、文(wen)蛤(ha)、海(hai)螺以及魚類等百余(yu)種海(hai)鮮,被譽為(wei)“海(hai)鮮的(de)王(wang)國”。每年農歷四(si)月(yue)十(shi)八日,大鹿島上會舉辦大孤山(shan)廟會。屆時可觀覽當地民(min)風民(min)俗。
獐島
獐(zhang)島是遼寧省(sheng)大孤山風景名勝區(qu)(qu)重要(yao)組成部分,位(wei)于丹東東港(gang)市北井子鎮7海(hai)(hai)里(li)的(de)(de)南(nan)黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)面(mian)(mian)之中,景區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積15平方公里(li),陸域面(mian)(mian)積2平方公里(li),是中國萬(wan)里(li)海(hai)(hai)疆的(de)(de)第一座島嶼。
獐(zhang)島(dao)由一陵六石宅、四(si)礁(jiao)組成,陵石橫東(dong)西,蹲臥兩翼(yi),礁(jiao)居其間,陸域面積2平方公里,居民100多戶,500多人(ren)。海(hai)島(dao)保留了古老的(de)漁村。島(dao)上有(you)金灘海(hai)水(shui)(shui)浴場。獐(zhang)島(dao)山石犬牙交(jiao)錯,有(you)老雕窩、鷹嘴石、老豬礁(jiao)、烏龜砣(tuo)子,形態逼真,灌木碧(bi)野。登島(dao)主峰遠眺可(ke)見(jian)大孤山。獐(zhang)島(dao)水(shui)(shui)產養殖十分發達,萬畝環島(dao)灘涂是水(shui)(shui)產養殖的(de)理想場所,盛產牡蠣、蜆子、螃蟹、海(hai)蜇等海(hai)鮮(xian)。
大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)有八大(da)奇觀(guan),分別(bie)是(shi)“紫液圣泉”,“半覆神(shen)殿”,“祖孫銀杏”,“無字古碑”,“梨園(yuan)孤樓”,“第一(yi)神(shen)宮”,“無雙磚(zhuan)雕(diao)”,“三(san)教共和(he)”這八大(da)奇觀(guan)異彩紛呈,堪稱大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)的“八絕”。
古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群,坐北(bei)(bei)朝南,地勢由(you)南向(xiang)北(bei)(bei),逐漸升高,由(you)此,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)隨山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢構(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)階(jie)層式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)院(yuan)落。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局(ju)緊湊,疏密得宜,鱗次櫛比。殿院(yuan)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)正殿和(he)(he)配(pei)殿作對(dui)稱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),組成(cheng)三(san)進(jin)、五進(jin)院(yuan)落,每(mei)進(jin)院(yuan)落都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、三(san)滴(di)水(shui)(shui)牌樓(lou)(lou)、月亮門(men)(men)(men)、垂花(hua)(hua)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)圓門(men)(men)(men)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)連貫穿通,頗有(you)(you)(you)南方(fang)(fang)蘇杭式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)。每(mei)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)都(dou)座落在高低不等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的石臺(tai)基上(shang),并有(you)(you)(you)石臺(tai)階(jie)。皆(jie)為(wei)青磚(zhuan)灰瓦木架結(jie)構(gou),多(duo)為(wei)硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)七(qi)凜小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)六架小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),也有(you)(you)(you)重檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)屋頂(ding),單檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)屋頂(ding),單檐(yan)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)、六角攢尖屋頂(ding)的小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),卷棚硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)單檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木結(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。特(te)別是戲樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),采(cai)(cai)取了前(qian)臉歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)與后身硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)結(jie)合(he)的處(chu)理(li)手法,汲(ji)取了我國湖(hu)南地方(fang)(fang)戲臺(tai)的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)營造。平板枋和(he)(he)額枋上(shang)下(xia)的雀(que)替和(he)(he)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)樣的雕墩為(wei)透(tou)雕人(ren)(ren)物,游龍(long)、飛鳳、禽鳥、走獸、花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)刻飾(shi),頗具(ju)匠心。每(mei)門(men)(men)(men)均為(wei)各(ge)種欞子(zi)的格(ge)(ge)扇(shan)門(men)(men)(men)。屋頂(ding)瓦作多(duo)為(wei)合(he)瓦頂(ding),也有(you)(you)(you)筒、板瓦頂(ding),有(you)(you)(you)蓮花(hua)(hua)、獸面(mian)三(san)角形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)勾頭滴(di)水(shui)(shui)。正脊(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)透(tou)雕花(hua)(hua)紋式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石壘(lei)花(hua)(hua)、陶塑(su)龍(long)鳳、疊小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)瓦脊(ji)(ji)(ji),配(pei)殿多(duo)為(wei)清水(shui)(shui)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)。脊(ji)(ji)(ji)頂(ding)端(duan)塑(su)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)象、寶(bao)瓶、寶(bao)葫蘆和(he)(he)仙人(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),兩(liang)端(duan)裝飾(shi)龍(long)吻,垂脊(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)戧(chuang)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)形(xing)態各(ge)異、神(shen)姿生動的垂獸和(he)(he)跑(pao)獸,與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物協調一(yi)致,莊重美觀(guan)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物上(shang)的磚(zhuan)雕刻,更是獨具(ju)風(feng)格(ge)(ge),到處(chu)皆(jie)是。磚(zhuan)刻常置于牌樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)(men)頭、照(zhao)壁、山(shan)(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)、搏風(feng)、墀頭、廊心墻(qiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),內容豐富多(duo)彩(cai)。有(you)(you)(you)生活起居、人(ren)(ren)物故事,仙靈鳥獸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、幾(ji)何圖案、吉祥文字等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)取用浮雕,形(xing)神(shen)兼(jian)備,雕工(gong)精(jing)致,頗有(you)(you)(you)巧奪天工(gong)之感。
大孤山建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)是清(qing)代(dai)中(zhong)晚期的古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑遺存(cun)(cun),也是我(wo)省(sheng)現存(cun)(cun)下來規(gui)模較(jiao)大、較(jiao)完整(zheng)的三(san)教(佛、道(dao)、儒教)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)之(zhi)一(yi)。據清(qing)碑和(he)舊縣志記(ji)載,始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐代(dai),遼代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有佛廟(miao)(miao),由(you)于兵災(zai)破壞和(he)風(feng)化(hua)侵蝕(shi),至明(ming)代(dai)末期“殿(dian)宇(yu)(yu)荒(huang)廢(fei),僅存(cun)(cun)基垣”。清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)),山東嶗(lao)山金(jin)山派道(dao)人倪理休,云游此地(di)(di),見有古(gu)剎遺址,便發(fa)愿重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)(yu)。乾(qian)隆(long)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)娘娘殿(dian)(即三(san)霄娘娘殿(dian))工程中(zhong),地(di)(di)下掘出十(shi)(shi)六尊遼代(dai)時期鐵鑄羅漢(han),因此又(you)增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)羅漢(han)殿(dian)。乾(qian)隆(long)二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天后(hou)宮(即海神娘娘殿(dian)),由(you)于光緒六年(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian))發(fa)生火(huo)災(zai),將正(zheng)殿(dian)及兩廂全部燒毀,于光緒八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉慶七年(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大雄寶殿(dian),嘉慶二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)藏(zang)庵(an),民國后(hou)期,將地(di)(di)藏(zang)庵(an)改名為地(di)(di)藏(zang)寺。道(dao)光四年(nian)(nian)始先(xian)后(hou)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戲樓(lou)、財(cai)神殿(dian)、龍王殿(dian)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)、鐘樓(lou)、文(wen)昌閣、呂祖亭。歷經(jing)清(qing)代(dai)的重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)維修(xiu),逐(zhu)漸形成如今之(zhi)規(gui)模。
每年(nian)的(de)(de)農歷四(si)月十八是(shi)(shi)(shi)大孤(gu)山鎮一年(nian)一度的(de)(de)廟會(hui),說到孤(gu)山的(de)(de)廟會(hui),據孤(gu)山鎮志記載:“早在(zai)宋代就(jiu)有廟會(hui)之(zhi)舉,廟會(hui)集(ji)會(hui)地址在(zai)下廟戲樓(lou)(lou)廣場,規模鼎盛(sheng)時(shi)期是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)清代的(de)(de)乾隆年(nian)間(jian)(jian),當(dang)時(shi)重修海(hai)神(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟時(shi),興起了海(hai)神(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟會(hui)和(he)藥王廟會(hui),每年(nian)的(de)(de)四(si)月十八天后(hou)宮舉辦民間(jian)(jian)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟會(hui),隨著時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)遷移,海(hai)神(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟會(hui)日漸興隆,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)光年(nian)間(jian)(jian)建成戲樓(lou)(lou)后(hou),廟會(hui)盛(sheng)況日常空前,廟會(hui)內容(rong)也日益豐富多彩,燒香拜佛,祈福還(huan)愿等(deng),摻和(he)著文(wen)藝節目、戲曲(qu)、雜耍、旱船(chuan)表演(yan),同時(shi)還(huan)有商品(pin)交易,解放初期和(he)文(wen)革期間(jian)(jian)中斷”。
另據丹(dan)東作家(jia)張(zhang)濤(tao)先生所著的(de)(de)(de)《孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨白》一書稱(cheng)(cheng):“娘(niang)娘(niang)廟會(hui),是(shi)舊歷四月十(shi)(shi)八(ba),據記(ji),這一天是(shi)天仙圣(sheng)母的(de)(de)(de)生日,僧侶和信(xin)徒(tu)為(wei)慶祝圣(sheng)誕而(er)興辦廟會(hui),天仙圣(sheng)母不是(shi)一個人,而(er)是(shi)趙公(gong)元帥(shuai)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)位女兒——云霄(xiao)、碧霄(xiao)、瓊霄(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)合稱(cheng)(cheng),謂之三(san)霄(xiao)娘(niang)娘(niang),故(gu)廟會(hui)又稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟會(hui)。”據歷史記(ji)載,孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑群(qun)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)始祖倪理(li)休于(yu)(yu)清乾隆八(ba)年(nian)(公(gong)元1744年(nian))來(lai)(lai)到大孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)托缽(bo)募(mu)化三(san)載所建(jian),如此算(suan)來(lai)(lai),大孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)歷史可(ke)以追溯到二百五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)以前(qian)了。時(shi)至今日,我們可(ke)以推想(xiang)當年(nian),當時(shi),陸路交(jiao)通并不發達,過(guo)往(wang)于(yu)(yu)鴨綠江的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)往(wang)船只(zhi),遙望(wang)一巍峨(e)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)矗(chu)立于(yu)(yu)黃海(hai)岸邊,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)停船靠(kao)岸,上岸交(jiao)易,盛(sheng)況(kuang)何其空前(qian)。特別是(shi)四月十(shi)(shi)八(ba),正逢草長(chang)鶯飛時(shi)節,長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)貨獸皮要運往(wang)關內,江南的(de)(de)(de)絲竹瓷(ci)器又從(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東威海(hai)源(yuan)源(yuan)而(er)來(lai)(lai),孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)就成(cheng)了南北貨物的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)轉站,南來(lai)(lai)北往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)商賈,周邊出海(hai)打漁的(de)(de)(de)船家(jia),齊聚古鎮,貿易商談(tan),會(hui)親訪友,為(wei)大孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)增添豐富的(de)(de)(de)內涵(han)。
古戲樓(lou),建(jian)(jian)于清道光六(liu)年(nian),有二百多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。它不僅(jin)是(shi)大(da)孤山(shan)古建(jian)(jian)筑群的(de)(de)標志性建(jian)(jian)筑,也是(shi)大(da)孤山(shan)鎮繁榮的(de)(de)見證。過(guo)大(da)年(nian)、正月(yue)十五(wu)、端午節、中秋節,每年(nian)四(si)月(yue)十八廟會這里便成了旅游與(yu)交易(yi)場所,繼續抒(shu)寫著(zhu)昔日的(de)(de)繁榮。古戲樓(lou)最具匠(jiang)心的(de)(de)是(shi)它的(de)(de)屋(wu)頂(ding)。歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi)和硬山(shan)式(shi)兩種屋(wu)頂(ding)完美結(jie)合的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑形式(shi)極為罕見,成為大(da)孤山(shan)古建(jian)(jian)筑群三大(da)奇觀之首。
觀(guan)音(yin)閣(ge),因其坐南(nan)面(mian)北,當地人成為(wei)(wei)“倒(dao)坐廟”。相傳,觀(guan)音(yin)菩薩圣(sheng)像(xiang)曾(ceng)面(mian)北背南(nan),從海(hai)上(shang)飛(fei)來,使當地瘟(wen)疫(yi)消遁,人心(xin)向善,于(yu)是(shi)觀(guan)音(yin)閣(ge)由(you)此而(er)建。觀(guan)音(yin)閣(ge)的古聯也(ye)很有意味。上(shang)聯是(shi)“問(wen)士大夫為(wei)(wei)何倒(dao)坐”,下聯是(shi)“嘆世人不肯回頭”上(shang)下聯以世人和觀(guan)音(yin)的口(kou)吻一問(wen)一答,充滿(man)意趣和智慧(hui)。
無角(jiao)草(cao)龍(long)(long),關帝殿三(san)重(zhong)檐門(men)樓中(zhong)部兩條無角(jiao)草(cao)龍(long)(long),也早就了關帝殿的一(yi)大奇(qi),和古戲樓的屋頂(ding)、倒坐(zuo)的觀音閣(ge),構成(cheng)大孤山古建筑群的三(san)大奇(qi)觀。