大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)“千(qian)(qian)朵(duo)蓮花(hua)山(shan)(shan)”,是千(qian)(qian)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)之(zhi)東南邊緣(yuan)的(de)最后一(yi)座山(shan)(shan),與千(qian)(qian)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)一(yi)起同屬長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)系。大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)東臨大(da)(da)洋河(he),南瀕(bin)黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)(hai)。由33座山(shan)(shan)峰組成,主峰海(hai)(hai)拔337.3米,山(shan)(shan)勢雄偉、古樹蒼勁,宛如黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)濱(bin)一(yi)顆璀璨的(de)明珠。因為(wei)聳立在濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)的(de)平(ping)闊大(da)(da)野之(zhi)上,顯(xian)得(de)格外高(gao)大(da)(da)險峻,從(cong)而(er)得(de)名(ming)大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)。又(you)因為(wei)兩峰并立,形如駱駝(tuo)雙峰,又(you)名(ming)橐駝(tuo)峰。山(shan)(shan)上景(jing)點(dian)繁多,歷史悠(you)久,素有:水底洞天(tian)、怒(nu)濤(tao)海(hai)(hai)市、海(hai)(hai)島(dao)漁舟、鴿洞云深、東山(shan)(shan)松濤(tao)、西嶺松濤(tao)、孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)圣水、峭壁石人(ren)八大(da)(da)景(jing)之(zhi)稱(cheng)。這里(li)青山(shan)(shan)綠水、海(hai)(hai)島(dao)濕地、古樹古廟(miao)構(gou)成一(yi)幅天(tian)然(ran)美景(jing)。古人(ren)曾這樣贊(zan)美大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan):“石筍(sun)凌(ling)云插碧霄,巍巍佛寺依山(shan)(shan)椒,洋河(he)岸(an)曲盤(pan)古鎮,峰逼瀾回怒(nu)晚(wan)潮”。
大(da)孤山古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)是與(yu)沈陽(yang)故(gu)宮并為遼(liao)寧(ning)省規(gui)模較大(da)、現存保護最具完整的(de)兩大(da)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)之一(yi)。根據《圣水宮記》碑文(wen)記載(zai):“圣水宮,原(yuan)名(ming)望海寺(si),傳系唐代古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)剎(cha)。”到了明代末年,殿宇荒廢,僅存基垣。現有的(de)廟(miao)堂都是清乾隆年間(jian)以后建(jian)造的(de)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)占地(di)一(yi)萬多平方米(mi),建(jian)筑(zhu)面積達五(wu)千(qian)多平方米(mi),分為上廟(miao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)、下(xia)廟(miao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)戲樓三(san)部分,一(yi)條中軸線貫(guan)穿其(qi)中,整個布局呈繁體“壽”字形。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)集古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術之大(da)成,展遼(liao)東(dong)地(di)區人文(wen)景觀之大(da)觀,是集佛、道(dao)、儒三(san)教文(wen)化于一(yi)體,堪稱東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區一(yi)處聞名(ming)遐邇的(de)旅游勝地(di)。
大孤山古(gu)建筑(zhu)群位(wei)于南山腰處,是(shi)遼寧(ning)現存較完整的(de)“佛、道、儒”三教(jiao)合一的(de)大型(xing)古(gu)剎,相傳始建于唐代(dai),經歷代(dai)修葺,已有一千多年的(de)歷史(shi)。現存廟宇為(wei)清代(dai)中晚期建筑(zhu),是(shi)省級重點文物保護單位(wei)。
大(da)孤山古建筑群(qun)是(shi)合上廟、下廟、戲(xi)樓為(wei)一體的(de)古建筑群(qun)。由天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)以及十多個宮(gong)、殿(dian)、戲(xi)樓、石佛塔(ta)和(he)(he)觀(guan)海亭組成,其(qi)磚雕(diao)藝(yi)術遠近馳(chi)名。其(qi)樓、閣(ge)、宮(gong)、殿(dian)、亭、臺,隨山就勢成階層式院落,布局緊湊,錯落有(you)致(zhi),造(zao)形(xing)完美、線條流暢,工藝(yi)精湛;集(ji)南、北建筑藝(yi)術之特色,是(shi)自然景(jing)觀(guan)和(he)(he)人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)的(de)結合體,具有(you)重要的(de)藝(yi)術研究價值。其(qi)中,天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)為(wei)中國(guo)唐代(dai)最大(da)的(de)媽祖殿(dian)堂。
古(gu)建筑群整體建筑,組成一(yi)個巨(ju)大的(de)繁體“壽(shou)”字。登觀海(hai)亭遠(yuan)眺,古(gu)鎮風光盡收眼底(di)。海(hai)上波(bo)(bo)濤起伏,風帆出沒,蔚(yu)為壯觀,獐、鹿二島,歷歷在目(mu)。時有海(hai)霧煙波(bo)(bo),山(shan)水蒼(cang)茫,如入畫(hua)中,別饒情趣。詩人有曰:“曲(qu)水帶之歸海(hai)去,亂花隨(sui)雨(yu)落(luo)巖來。”
大(da)(da)孤山《紅樓夢》誕生的(de)地方,上(shang)(shang)廟便是(shi)《紅樓夢》中的(de)櫳(long)翠(cui)庵,你(ni)從古韻向上(shang)(shang)望(wang)去(qu)真(zhen)是(shi)大(da)(da)孤山的(de)一扇窗戶,曹(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)比喻的(de)十(shi)分恰當。還有屋脊崖(無稽崖)里的(de)曹(cao)(cao)家堡(bao),曹(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)在《紅樓夢》中名之蘆(lu)雪(xue)(xue)廠,更(geng)是(shi)一絲不差。曹(cao)(cao)家堡(bao)曹(cao)(cao)大(da)(da)漢(han)真(zhen)的(de)是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)親(qin)宗(zong),曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)后裔。曹(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)六十(shi)四代(dai)孫,曹(cao)(cao)大(da)(da)漢(han)是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)六十(shi)三代(dai)孫,今天不但(dan)有《紅樓夢》歷史文獻證(zheng)(zheng)明,更(geng)有曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)DNA證(zheng)(zheng)明。
大孤山(shan)山(shan)上(shang)古木(mu)參天(tian),巨柞銀(yin)杏(xing),夾道成蔭,生長(chang)著松、柏、槐、楊、柞、楓、柳(liu)、榆、皂(zao)角、連翹、鵝兒(er)櫪、法桐、臘樹等(deng)上(shang)百種樹木(mu)。丁(ding)香、玫瑰、杜鵑、櫻花等(deng)灌木(mu)種類繁多,到處可見。300年以上(shang)的古樹有(you)2000多株,構成了(le)層次分明的森林(lin)景觀,被列為(wei)國家級森林(lin)公(gong)園。其(qi)中上(shang)廟的兩棵古銀(yin)杏(xing)樹系唐代僧人修建“望海寺”時所植,距(ju)今1200余年,樹高(gao)20多米,胸徑1.5米,至今仍(reng)枝繁葉茂。山(shan)上(shang)的圣(sheng)水宮峭(qiao)壁(bi)涌(yong)泉,即使是炎夏盛暑,泉水仍(reng)清涼宜人。
小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)景區(qu)又(you)稱小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)子,距孤山鎮約(yue)15公里(li),東西長3.5公里(li),南北寬1.5公里(li),是(shi)孤山的(de)延(yan)伸部分。由大小(xiao)(xiao)14個島(dao)嶼(yu)和(he)半(ban)島(dao)組成。其中六個較(jiao)大的(de)島(dao)嶼(yu)已由10條(tiao)海堤聯成一體,并(bing)有(you)公路相通。小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)南側(ce)的(de)前(qian)陽(yang)海灘是(shi)一處天然的(de)海水(shui)浴場。小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)周圍海域(yu)物產豐富,尤(you)以對蝦(xia)養(yang)殖著名(ming)。
大鹿島
大鹿島(dao)(dao)是遼(liao)寧省大孤山風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區的(de)重要組成部分,位于東港市孤山鎮東南(nan)(nan)19.3海(hai)(hai)里(li)的(de)黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)面上(shang),四面環(huan)海(hai)(hai),西海(hai)(hai)域(yu)與(yu)(yu)莊河、大連相(xiang)連,東海(hai)(hai)域(yu)與(yu)(yu)大東港、丹東鴨綠江融匯,與(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)北朝鮮(xian)相(xiang)望。大鹿島(dao)(dao)與(yu)(yu)孤山鎮和(he)小島(dao)(dao)間有水路相(xiang)通。東西長約4公(gong)里(li),南(nan)(nan)北寬約1.5公(gong)里(li),景(jing)區面積(ji)(ji)約30平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),陸域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)約6.6平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),大鹿島(dao)(dao)附近有當年“中(zhong)日甲午海(hai)(hai)戰”遺址。
大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)氣(qi)候適(shi)宜,冬無嚴寒,夏無酷暑。島(dao)前有360萬(wan)平方(fang)米的天然海(hai)濱浴(yu)(yu)場,是(shi)中國黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的天然海(hai)濱浴(yu)(yu)場。大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)是(shi)鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)口國家級濕(shi)地(di)自然保護區的重要組成部分。震驚中外的甲午(wu)黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)大(da)(da)(da)戰就爆(bao)發在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)面,民族英雄(xiong)“鄧(deng)世昌”及700名將士和“致遠號”艦等4艘戰艦分別(bie)犧牲(sheng)和沉(chen)沒在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)面。島(dao)上有鄧(deng)世昌墓(mu)和塑像、明代戍邊將領毛文龍(long)碑亭(ting)、二郎石、嘎(ga)巴棗樹、滴水壺、老虎洞、駱駝峰、英式導航燈塔、丹麥教堂遺址等多處自然和人文景觀。
大鹿(lu)島盛產對(dui)蝦、梭(suo)子蟹、雜色(se)蛤(ha)、文蛤(ha)、海(hai)螺以(yi)及魚類等百余種海(hai)鮮,被(bei)譽(yu)為“海(hai)鮮的王國”。每年農歷四月十八日,大鹿(lu)島上(shang)會(hui)舉辦大孤(gu)山廟會(hui)。屆(jie)時(shi)可觀覽(lan)當地(di)民風(feng)民俗。
獐島
獐島是遼寧省大孤山(shan)風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)重要組成部分,位(wei)于丹東東港市北井子鎮7海里(li)(li)的南黃(huang)海海面之中(zhong),景(jing)區(qu)面積(ji)15平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),陸域面積(ji)2平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),是中(zhong)國(guo)萬里(li)(li)海疆的第一座島嶼。
獐(zhang)島(dao)由(you)一陵六石(shi)宅、四礁組成,陵石(shi)橫東西,蹲臥(wo)兩翼,礁居其間(jian),陸域面積2平方公里,居民100多(duo)戶,500多(duo)人。海(hai)(hai)島(dao)保留了古老(lao)(lao)的漁村。島(dao)上有(you)金(jin)灘(tan)海(hai)(hai)水浴場(chang)。獐(zhang)島(dao)山(shan)石(shi)犬牙(ya)交錯(cuo),有(you)老(lao)(lao)雕(diao)窩(wo)、鷹嘴(zui)石(shi)、老(lao)(lao)豬礁、烏龜砣子,形態(tai)逼真,灌木碧(bi)野。登島(dao)主峰遠眺可見大孤山(shan)。獐(zhang)島(dao)水產(chan)養殖(zhi)十(shi)分(fen)發(fa)達,萬畝(mu)環(huan)島(dao)灘(tan)涂是水產(chan)養殖(zhi)的理想場(chang)所(suo),盛(sheng)產(chan)牡蠣、蜆(xian)子、螃蟹、海(hai)(hai)蜇等(deng)海(hai)(hai)鮮。
大(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)風(feng)景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)有(you)八大(da)奇觀(guan),分(fen)別是“紫液圣(sheng)泉”,“半覆(fu)神(shen)殿”,“祖(zu)孫(sun)銀杏”,“無(wu)字古碑”,“梨園孤(gu)(gu)樓”,“第一神(shen)宮”,“無(wu)雙磚(zhuan)雕”,“三教共和”這八大(da)奇觀(guan)異彩紛呈(cheng),堪稱大(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)風(feng)景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)的“八絕”。
古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,坐北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),地勢(shi)由南(nan)向北(bei),逐漸升高,由此(ci),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)隨山勢(shi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成階層(ceng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)院(yuan)落(luo)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布局緊湊,疏(shu)密得宜,鱗(lin)次櫛比(bi)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)院(yuan)都有(you)(you)(you)正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)作(zuo)對稱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),組(zu)成三進、五進院(yuan)落(luo),每(mei)(mei)進院(yuan)落(luo)都有(you)(you)(you)懸山式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)樓(lou)、三滴水(shui)牌(pai)樓(lou)、月(yue)亮門(men)、垂(chui)(chui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)門(men)和(he)圓門(men)等(deng)連貫穿(chuan)通,頗有(you)(you)(you)南(nan)方(fang)蘇(su)杭式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格。每(mei)(mei)個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)都座(zuo)落(luo)在高低不(bu)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)石臺基上,并有(you)(you)(you)石臺階。皆為(wei)(wei)青磚灰瓦木(mu)架(jia)結構(gou)(gou)(gou),多為(wei)(wei)硬(ying)山七凜(lin)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)六(liu)架(jia)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山屋頂,單(dan)檐(yan)歇山屋頂,單(dan)檐(yan)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、六(liu)角(jiao)攢尖屋頂的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),卷棚(peng)硬(ying)山大(da)(da)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)單(dan)檐(yan)歇山大(da)(da)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。特別是戲(xi)樓(lou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),采(cai)取了(le)前(qian)臉歇山與(yu)(yu)后身硬(ying)山結合的(de)(de)(de)處理手法,汲取了(le)我國湖南(nan)地方(fang)戲(xi)臺的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行營造。平板枋和(he)額(e)枋上下的(de)(de)(de)雀替和(he)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)墩為(wei)(wei)透(tou)雕(diao)人物(wu)(wu),游龍、飛鳳、禽(qin)鳥、走(zou)獸(shou)(shou)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)等(deng)刻飾(shi),頗具(ju)匠心。每(mei)(mei)門(men)均為(wei)(wei)各種欞(ling)子的(de)(de)(de)格扇門(men)。屋頂瓦作(zuo)多為(wei)(wei)合瓦頂,也有(you)(you)(you)筒、板瓦頂,有(you)(you)(you)蓮花(hua)(hua)(hua)、獸(shou)(shou)面三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)勾頭滴水(shui)。正脊(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)透(tou)雕(diao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)紋(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脊(ji)(ji)等(deng),有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)石壘花(hua)(hua)(hua)、陶塑(su)(su)龍鳳、疊(die)小(xiao)(xiao)瓦脊(ji)(ji),配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)多為(wei)(wei)清水(shui)脊(ji)(ji)。脊(ji)(ji)頂端塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)象、寶瓶、寶葫蘆(lu)和(he)仙人等(deng),兩端裝(zhuang)飾(shi)龍吻(wen),垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)和(he)戧脊(ji)(ji)端有(you)(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)態各異(yi)、神姿(zi)生(sheng)動的(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)(chui)獸(shou)(shou)和(he)跑(pao)獸(shou)(shou),與(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)協調一致,莊重(zhong)美(mei)觀。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)磚雕(diao)刻,更是獨具(ju)風格,到處皆是。磚刻常(chang)置于牌(pai)樓(lou)、門(men)樓(lou)、門(men)頭、照壁、山墻(qiang)、搏風、墀頭、廊(lang)心墻(qiang)等(deng),內容豐富多彩(cai)。有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)活起居、人物(wu)(wu)故事(shi),仙靈(ling)鳥獸(shou)(shou)、山水(shui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、幾(ji)何(he)圖(tu)案、吉祥(xiang)文字等(deng)。一般采(cai)取用浮(fu)雕(diao),形(xing)(xing)神兼(jian)備,雕(diao)工(gong)精致,頗有(you)(you)(you)巧奪(duo)天工(gong)之感。
大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群是(shi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)中晚期(qi)(qi)的(de)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑遺存(cun)(cun),也(ye)是(shi)我省現存(cun)(cun)下(xia)來規模較(jiao)大(da)、較(jiao)完(wan)整的(de)三教(jiao)(佛、道、儒教(jiao))古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群之一。據清(qing)(qing)(qing)碑和舊縣志記載,始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)唐代(dai),遼代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有佛廟,由于(yu)(yu)兵(bing)災破壞和風化(hua)侵蝕(shi),至明代(dai)末期(qi)(qi)“殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)荒(huang)廢,僅存(cun)(cun)基(ji)垣”。清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)(qian)隆十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),山(shan)(shan)東嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)金山(shan)(shan)派道人倪理休,云(yun)游此(ci)地(di)(di),見有古剎遺址,便(bian)發愿重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟宇(yu)。乾(qian)(qian)隆十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(即三霄(xiao)娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian))工程(cheng)中,地(di)(di)下(xia)掘(jue)出(chu)十(shi)六尊遼代(dai)時期(qi)(qi)鐵鑄羅漢(han),因此(ci)又增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)羅漢(han)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。乾(qian)(qian)隆二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天后宮(即海神娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)),由于(yu)(yu)光緒六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))發生(sheng)火災,將正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)兩廂(xiang)全部燒毀,于(yu)(yu)光緒八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉(jia)慶七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian),嘉(jia)慶二(er)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)藏庵,民國后期(qi)(qi),將地(di)(di)藏庵改名為地(di)(di)藏寺。道光四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始先后修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戲樓(lou)、財(cai)神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、龍王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、鐘(zhong)樓(lou)、文昌閣(ge)、呂(lv)祖亭。歷經清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和維修(xiu),逐漸形成如今(jin)之規模。
每年(nian)的(de)(de)農(nong)歷四月(yue)十(shi)八是(shi)(shi)大(da)孤山(shan)鎮一年(nian)一度(du)的(de)(de)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),說到(dao)孤山(shan)的(de)(de)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),據孤山(shan)鎮志記(ji)載:“早在(zai)宋(song)代就有廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)之舉,廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)集會(hui)(hui)地址在(zai)下(xia)廟(miao)戲樓(lou)廣場,規模鼎盛時期(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)清(qing)代的(de)(de)乾隆(long)年(nian)間(jian)(jian),當時重修海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)時,興(xing)(xing)起(qi)了(le)海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)和(he)藥王廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),每年(nian)的(de)(de)四月(yue)十(shi)八天后(hou)(hou)宮舉辦民間(jian)(jian)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),隨著時間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)遷移,海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)日(ri)漸興(xing)(xing)隆(long),特別是(shi)(shi)道(dao)光年(nian)間(jian)(jian)建(jian)成戲樓(lou)后(hou)(hou),廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)盛況日(ri)常空前,廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)內容也日(ri)益豐富多彩,燒香拜佛,祈福還愿等,摻(chan)和(he)著文藝(yi)節目、戲曲(qu)、雜耍、旱(han)船表(biao)演,同(tong)時還有商品交易,解放(fang)初(chu)期(qi)和(he)文革期(qi)間(jian)(jian)中斷”。
另據(ju)丹東作家張濤先(xian)生(sheng)所著的《孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨白(bai)(bai)》一(yi)(yi)書稱:“娘娘廟會(hui)(hui),是(shi)舊歷(li)(li)四月十八(ba),據(ju)記(ji),這一(yi)(yi)天是(shi)天仙圣母(mu)的生(sheng)日(ri),僧侶和信徒(tu)為(wei)慶祝圣誕而興(xing)辦廟會(hui)(hui),天仙圣母(mu)不是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個人,而是(shi)趙公元帥(shuai)的三位女兒——云霄、碧霄、瓊(qiong)霄的合稱,謂之三霄娘娘,故(gu)廟會(hui)(hui)又(you)稱為(wei)娘娘廟會(hui)(hui)。”據(ju)歷(li)(li)史記(ji)載(zai),孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)建筑群開山(shan)(shan)(shan)始祖倪理休于(yu)清乾隆八(ba)年(公元1744年)來到大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)托缽募化三載(zai)所建,如此算來,大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)(hui)的歷(li)(li)史可(ke)以追溯到二百五十年以前了(le)。時(shi)至今日(ri),我們可(ke)以推想當年,當時(shi),陸路交通并(bing)不發(fa)達,過往(wang)于(yu)鴨綠江(jiang)(jiang)的來往(wang)船只,遙望一(yi)(yi)巍峨高山(shan)(shan)(shan)矗立于(yu)黃海岸(an)(an)邊,于(yu)是(shi)停船靠(kao)岸(an)(an),上岸(an)(an)交易(yi),盛況何其空前。特別是(shi)四月十八(ba),正(zheng)逢(feng)草長鶯(ying)飛時(shi)節,長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)貨(huo)獸皮(pi)要運往(wang)關內(nei),江(jiang)(jiang)南的絲竹瓷器又(you)從山(shan)(shan)(shan)東威海源源而來,孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)就成了(le)南北貨(huo)物的中轉站,南來北往(wang)的商賈(jia),周邊出海打漁的船家,齊(qi)聚古(gu)鎮,貿易(yi)商談,會(hui)(hui)親訪友,為(wei)大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)(hui)增添豐富的內(nei)涵。
古(gu)戲樓,建(jian)(jian)于清(qing)道光六年(nian),有二百多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史。它不(bu)僅是大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)標志性建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),也是大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)鎮繁榮的(de)(de)(de)見(jian)證。過(guo)大(da)(da)年(nian)、正月(yue)十五(wu)、端午節、中秋(qiu)節,每年(nian)四月(yue)十八(ba)廟會這里便(bian)成了旅游與交易場所,繼續抒寫著昔日的(de)(de)(de)繁榮。古(gu)戲樓最具匠心的(de)(de)(de)是它的(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)頂。歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)和硬山(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)兩種屋(wu)(wu)頂完美結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式(shi)(shi)極為(wei)罕見(jian),成為(wei)大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群三(san)大(da)(da)奇觀之(zhi)首(shou)。
觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)(yin)閣,因其坐(zuo)(zuo)南(nan)面(mian)北(bei),當地(di)人(ren)成(cheng)為“倒坐(zuo)(zuo)廟(miao)”。相傳,觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)(yin)菩薩圣像曾(ceng)面(mian)北(bei)背南(nan),從(cong)海上飛來,使當地(di)瘟疫(yi)消遁,人(ren)心向(xiang)善(shan),于是觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)(yin)閣由此而(er)建。觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)(yin)閣的古聯(lian)也很有意味。上聯(lian)是“問(wen)士(shi)大夫為何倒坐(zuo)(zuo)”,下(xia)聯(lian)是“嘆世人(ren)不肯回頭”上下(xia)聯(lian)以世人(ren)和觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)(yin)的口吻一(yi)問(wen)一(yi)答,充滿意趣和智慧。
無角草(cao)龍,關帝(di)殿(dian)三(san)重(zhong)檐門樓中部(bu)兩條無角草(cao)龍,也早就了(le)關帝(di)殿(dian)的(de)一大奇(qi),和古戲樓的(de)屋頂、倒坐的(de)觀(guan)音閣,構成(cheng)大孤山古建筑群的(de)三(san)大奇(qi)觀(guan)。