大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)(da)(da)孤山(shan)(shan)為“千朵蓮花山(shan)(shan)”,是(shi)千山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈之東南邊緣的最(zui)后(hou)一座山(shan)(shan),與(yu)千山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈一起(qi)同屬長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)脈系。大(da)(da)(da)孤山(shan)(shan)東臨大(da)(da)(da)洋河(he),南瀕黃(huang)海。由33座山(shan)(shan)峰組成,主峰海拔337.3米,山(shan)(shan)勢雄偉、古樹蒼(cang)勁,宛如(ru)黃(huang)海之濱(bin)一顆璀璨的明珠(zhu)。因(yin)(yin)為聳(song)立在(zai)濱(bin)海的平闊大(da)(da)(da)野之上,顯得格外高大(da)(da)(da)險峻,從而(er)得名大(da)(da)(da)孤山(shan)(shan)。又(you)因(yin)(yin)為兩峰并立,形如(ru)駱駝雙峰,又(you)名橐(tuo)駝峰。山(shan)(shan)上景(jing)點繁多,歷史悠久,素(su)有:水底洞(dong)天(tian)、怒(nu)濤(tao)海市、海島(dao)漁舟(zhou)、鴿洞(dong)云(yun)深、東山(shan)(shan)松濤(tao)、西嶺松濤(tao)、孤山(shan)(shan)圣水、峭壁石(shi)人八大(da)(da)(da)景(jing)之稱(cheng)。這(zhe)里青山(shan)(shan)綠(lv)水、海島(dao)濕地(di)、古樹古廟構成一幅天(tian)然美景(jing)。古人曾這(zhe)樣贊美大(da)(da)(da)孤山(shan)(shan):“石(shi)筍凌云(yun)插碧霄,巍巍佛寺依山(shan)(shan)椒(jiao),洋河(he)岸(an)曲(qu)盤(pan)古鎮,峰逼(bi)瀾回(hui)怒(nu)晚潮”。
大(da)(da)(da)孤山古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)是與(yu)沈陽故宮(gong)(gong)并為遼(liao)寧省規模較大(da)(da)(da)、現存(cun)保護最具完整(zheng)的兩(liang)大(da)(da)(da)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)之一。根據《圣水(shui)宮(gong)(gong)記》碑文(wen)記載:“圣水(shui)宮(gong)(gong),原名(ming)(ming)望海寺,傳系唐代古(gu)剎。”到了(le)明代末年,殿宇荒廢,僅(jin)存(cun)基垣。現有的廟(miao)堂(tang)都(dou)是清乾隆年間(jian)以后建(jian)造(zao)的。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)占(zhan)地(di)一萬多平方(fang)米,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積達五(wu)千多平方(fang)米,分(fen)為上廟(miao)群(qun)、下廟(miao)群(qun)、古(gu)戲樓三部分(fen),一條中軸線(xian)貫穿其中,整(zheng)個(ge)布局呈(cheng)繁體(ti)“壽”字形。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)集古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術之大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng),展遼(liao)東地(di)區(qu)(qu)人(ren)文(wen)景觀(guan)之大(da)(da)(da)觀(guan),是集佛、道(dao)、儒三教文(wen)化(hua)于一體(ti),堪稱東北地(di)區(qu)(qu)一處聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)遐邇的旅游勝地(di)。
大(da)孤山(shan)古建(jian)筑群位于(yu)南山(shan)腰處,是(shi)遼寧現(xian)存(cun)(cun)較完整的“佛、道、儒”三教合一(yi)的大(da)型古剎,相傳始建(jian)于(yu)唐代(dai),經歷(li)代(dai)修(xiu)葺,已有(you)一(yi)千多年的歷(li)史(shi)。現(xian)存(cun)(cun)廟(miao)宇為清(qing)代(dai)中晚期建(jian)筑,是(shi)省級重點(dian)文物保護單位。
大孤山(shan)古建筑(zhu)群(qun)是合上廟(miao)、下廟(miao)、戲樓(lou)為一體的(de)古建筑(zhu)群(qun)。由天(tian)后宮(gong)以及十多個宮(gong)、殿(dian)、戲樓(lou)、石佛塔(ta)和觀(guan)海亭(ting)組成(cheng),其磚(zhuan)雕藝術(shu)遠近(jin)馳名。其樓(lou)、閣(ge)、宮(gong)、殿(dian)、亭(ting)、臺,隨山(shan)就勢成(cheng)階(jie)層式(shi)院落,布局緊湊,錯落有(you)致,造形完美、線條流暢,工藝精湛;集南、北建筑(zhu)藝術(shu)之特色,是自然景(jing)觀(guan)和人文景(jing)觀(guan)的(de)結合體,具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)藝術(shu)研究價值。其中,天(tian)后宮(gong)為中國唐代最大的(de)媽祖(zu)殿(dian)堂(tang)。
古(gu)建筑群整(zheng)體建筑,組成一個巨大的(de)繁體“壽”字。登觀(guan)海亭遠(yuan)眺,古(gu)鎮風光盡收眼底(di)。海上波濤起伏,風帆出(chu)沒,蔚為壯觀(guan),獐、鹿二島,歷(li)(li)歷(li)(li)在(zai)目。時有海霧煙波,山水(shui)蒼茫,如(ru)入畫中,別(bie)饒(rao)情趣。詩人(ren)有曰(yue):“曲水(shui)帶之歸海去,亂花隨雨(yu)落(luo)巖來。”
大(da)孤山《紅樓夢(meng)》誕生(sheng)的(de)(de)地方(fang),上廟(miao)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)《紅樓夢(meng)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)櫳翠庵,你從(cong)古韻向上望去真是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)孤山的(de)(de)一扇(shan)窗戶(hu),曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)比喻(yu)的(de)(de)十(shi)分恰當。還(huan)有屋脊崖(無稽崖)里的(de)(de)曹家堡,曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)在《紅樓夢(meng)》中(zhong)名之蘆雪(xue)廠,更是(shi)(shi)(shi)一絲不差。曹家堡曹大(da)漢真的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)親宗,曹操后裔。曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹操六十(shi)四代(dai)孫,曹大(da)漢是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹操六十(shi)三(san)代(dai)孫,今天不但(dan)有《紅樓夢(meng)》歷史文獻證明,更有曹操DNA證明。
大孤山山上(shang)古(gu)木(mu)參(can)天,巨(ju)柞銀杏,夾道成蔭(yin),生(sheng)長著松、柏、槐、楊、柞、楓(feng)、柳、榆、皂角、連翹、鵝兒櫪、法(fa)桐、臘樹等(deng)(deng)上(shang)百種(zhong)樹木(mu)。丁香(xiang)、玫瑰、杜鵑、櫻(ying)花等(deng)(deng)灌木(mu)種(zhong)類繁(fan)多(duo)(duo),到處可見。300年以上(shang)的古(gu)樹有(you)2000多(duo)(duo)株,構成了(le)層次分明的森(sen)林(lin)景(jing)觀,被列為國家級森(sen)林(lin)公園。其(qi)中(zhong)上(shang)廟(miao)的兩棵古(gu)銀杏樹系唐代僧人(ren)修建(jian)“望海寺”時(shi)所植,距(ju)今1200余年,樹高20多(duo)(duo)米,胸徑1.5米,至今仍枝繁(fan)葉(xie)茂。山上(shang)的圣水宮峭壁涌泉(quan),即使是炎(yan)夏盛暑,泉(quan)水仍清涼宜人(ren)。
小島景區又稱小島子(zi),距孤(gu)山鎮約15公(gong)(gong)里,東西長3.5公(gong)(gong)里,南北寬(kuan)1.5公(gong)(gong)里,是孤(gu)山的延伸部分。由大小14個(ge)島嶼和(he)半島組成(cheng)。其(qi)中六個(ge)較大的島嶼已(yi)由10條海堤聯成(cheng)一體,并有公(gong)(gong)路(lu)相通。小島南側(ce)的前(qian)陽海灘是一處天然(ran)的海水(shui)浴場。小島周(zhou)圍海域(yu)物產(chan)豐富,尤以對(dui)蝦養殖著名。
大鹿島
大(da)(da)鹿島是遼寧省大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)風景名勝區的重(zhong)要組成部(bu)分,位于東(dong)港市孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)鎮(zhen)東(dong)南19.3海(hai)(hai)里(li)(li)的黃海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)面(mian)(mian)上,四面(mian)(mian)環海(hai)(hai),西海(hai)(hai)域與莊(zhuang)河、大(da)(da)連相(xiang)連,東(dong)海(hai)(hai)域與大(da)(da)東(dong)港、丹東(dong)鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)融匯,與南北朝鮮相(xiang)望。大(da)(da)鹿島與孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)鎮(zhen)和(he)小島間有水路(lu)相(xiang)通。東(dong)西長約(yue)4公(gong)里(li)(li),南北寬約(yue)1.5公(gong)里(li)(li),景區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)30平方公(gong)里(li)(li),陸域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)6.6平方公(gong)里(li)(li),大(da)(da)鹿島附近有當年“中(zhong)日(ri)甲午海(hai)(hai)戰(zhan)”遺址(zhi)。
大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)氣(qi)候適宜,冬無(wu)嚴寒(han),夏無(wu)酷暑。島(dao)前有(you)360萬平方米(mi)的(de)天(tian)然(ran)海(hai)濱(bin)浴場,是中國(guo)(guo)黃(huang)海(hai)最大(da)的(de)天(tian)然(ran)海(hai)濱(bin)浴場。大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)是鴨綠江口(kou)國(guo)(guo)家級濕地自然(ran)保護區的(de)重要組成部分。震驚(jing)中外的(de)甲午黃(huang)海(hai)大(da)戰就爆發在大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)面,民族英雄“鄧世昌(chang)”及700名將士和(he)“致(zhi)遠號”艦等4艘戰艦分別(bie)犧牲和(he)沉沒在大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)面。島(dao)上有(you)鄧世昌(chang)墓(mu)和(he)塑像、明代戍邊將領(ling)毛(mao)文龍(long)碑亭、二郎石(shi)、嘎巴棗(zao)樹、滴水壺、老(lao)虎洞、駱駝(tuo)峰、英式導航(hang)燈塔(ta)、丹麥(mai)教堂遺址等多(duo)處自然(ran)和(he)人(ren)文景觀。
大(da)鹿(lu)島盛產對蝦、梭(suo)子蟹、雜色(se)蛤、文蛤、海(hai)螺以及魚(yu)類等百(bai)余種海(hai)鮮(xian),被譽為“海(hai)鮮(xian)的王國”。每年農歷四(si)月十八日,大(da)鹿(lu)島上(shang)會(hui)舉辦大(da)孤山廟會(hui)。屆時可觀(guan)覽當地民風(feng)民俗(su)。
獐島
獐島(dao)是(shi)遼寧省(sheng)大(da)孤山風景名(ming)勝區重要組(zu)成部分,位(wei)于丹東東港(gang)市(shi)北井(jing)子鎮7海(hai)(hai)里(li)的(de)南黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)面(mian)之中,景區面(mian)積(ji)15平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),陸域面(mian)積(ji)2平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),是(shi)中國萬里(li)海(hai)(hai)疆的(de)第一座島(dao)嶼。
獐島(dao)(dao)由一陵(ling)六石(shi)宅(zhai)、四礁(jiao)(jiao)組成,陵(ling)石(shi)橫(heng)東西,蹲臥兩翼,礁(jiao)(jiao)居其間,陸域面積2平方公里,居民(min)100多戶,500多人。海(hai)島(dao)(dao)保留了(le)古老(lao)(lao)的漁村。島(dao)(dao)上有金灘(tan)海(hai)水浴場。獐島(dao)(dao)山(shan)石(shi)犬(quan)牙交錯(cuo),有老(lao)(lao)雕窩、鷹嘴石(shi)、老(lao)(lao)豬礁(jiao)(jiao)、烏龜砣子,形態逼真,灌木碧野。登島(dao)(dao)主峰遠眺(tiao)可見大孤(gu)山(shan)。獐島(dao)(dao)水產養殖十分發(fa)達,萬(wan)畝(mu)環島(dao)(dao)灘(tan)涂是水產養殖的理(li)想(xiang)場所,盛(sheng)產牡蠣、蜆(xian)子、螃蟹、海(hai)蜇等海(hai)鮮。
大孤(gu)(gu)山風景名勝區(qu)(qu)有八(ba)大奇觀,分別是“紫液圣泉”,“半覆神殿”,“祖孫銀杏”,“無(wu)字古碑”,“梨園孤(gu)(gu)樓”,“第一(yi)神宮”,“無(wu)雙磚雕”,“三教(jiao)共和”這八(ba)大奇觀異彩紛呈(cheng),堪稱大孤(gu)(gu)山風景名勝區(qu)(qu)的(de)“八(ba)絕”。
古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群,坐北朝南(nan),地(di)勢由南(nan)向北,逐漸升高,由此(ci),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)隨山勢構筑(zhu)(zhu)成階層式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局緊湊,疏(shu)密得宜,鱗次櫛(zhi)比。殿(dian)院(yuan)(yuan)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)殿(dian)和(he)配殿(dian)作(zuo)對稱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),組成三(san)進、五進院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo),每進院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)懸山式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)樓(lou)、三(san)滴水(shui)(shui)牌樓(lou)、月亮門(men)(men)、垂(chui)花(hua)(hua)門(men)(men)和(he)圓門(men)(men)等(deng)連貫穿(chuan)通(tong),頗(po)有(you)(you)(you)(you)南(nan)方(fang)蘇(su)杭式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)。每個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)都座落(luo)在(zai)高低不等(deng)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)臺基上(shang),并有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)臺階。皆(jie)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)灰瓦(wa)木(mu)架(jia)結(jie)構,多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)硬山七(qi)凜(lin)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)六架(jia)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)重檐(yan)歇(xie)(xie)(xie)山屋頂(ding)(ding),單(dan)檐(yan)歇(xie)(xie)(xie)山屋頂(ding)(ding),單(dan)檐(yan)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、六角攢尖屋頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),卷棚硬山大(da)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)單(dan)檐(yan)歇(xie)(xie)(xie)山大(da)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)結(jie)構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。特別是(shi)戲樓(lou)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),采取(qu)了前臉(lian)歇(xie)(xie)(xie)山與(yu)后身硬山結(jie)合的(de)(de)處理(li)手法(fa),汲取(qu)了我(wo)國湖南(nan)地(di)方(fang)戲臺的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)營造。平板(ban)枋和(he)額枋上(shang)下的(de)(de)雀替和(he)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)樣的(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)墩(dun)為(wei)(wei)透雕(diao)(diao)人物(wu)(wu),游龍、飛鳳、禽鳥、走獸(shou)、花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)等(deng)刻(ke)飾,頗(po)具匠心(xin)。每門(men)(men)均為(wei)(wei)各種欞(ling)子的(de)(de)格(ge)扇門(men)(men)。屋頂(ding)(ding)瓦(wa)作(zuo)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)合瓦(wa)頂(ding)(ding),也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)筒、板(ban)瓦(wa)頂(ding)(ding),有(you)(you)(you)(you)蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)、獸(shou)面三(san)角形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)勾頭(tou)滴水(shui)(shui)。正(zheng)脊(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)透雕(diao)(diao)花(hua)(hua)紋式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脊(ji)(ji)等(deng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)石(shi)(shi)壘花(hua)(hua)、陶塑龍鳳、疊(die)小(xiao)(xiao)瓦(wa)脊(ji)(ji),配殿(dian)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)清水(shui)(shui)脊(ji)(ji)。脊(ji)(ji)頂(ding)(ding)端(duan)塑有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)象、寶瓶、寶葫蘆和(he)仙人等(deng),兩端(duan)裝飾龍吻(wen),垂(chui)脊(ji)(ji)和(he)戧(chuang)脊(ji)(ji)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)態各異、神姿生動的(de)(de)垂(chui)獸(shou)和(he)跑(pao)獸(shou),與(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)協調一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi),莊重美觀(guan)。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke),更是(shi)獨具風格(ge),到處皆(jie)是(shi)。磚(zhuan)刻(ke)常置于(yu)牌樓(lou)、門(men)(men)樓(lou)、門(men)(men)頭(tou)、照(zhao)壁、山墻、搏(bo)風、墀頭(tou)、廊心(xin)墻等(deng),內容(rong)豐富多(duo)(duo)彩。有(you)(you)(you)(you)生活起居、人物(wu)(wu)故事,仙靈鳥獸(shou)、山水(shui)(shui)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、幾何圖(tu)案、吉祥(xiang)文(wen)字等(deng)。一(yi)般采取(qu)用(yong)浮雕(diao)(diao),形(xing)(xing)神兼備,雕(diao)(diao)工精致(zhi)(zhi),頗(po)有(you)(you)(you)(you)巧奪(duo)天工之(zhi)感。
大孤山(shan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)是清代(dai)中晚期(qi)(qi)的(de)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)存(cun),也是我省現存(cun)下(xia)來(lai)規(gui)模較(jiao)大、較(jiao)完整的(de)三(san)教(佛、道(dao)、儒教)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)之(zhi)一(yi)。據(ju)清碑和(he)舊(jiu)縣(xian)志記載,始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐代(dai),遼代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)佛廟(miao),由于兵(bing)災破(po)壞和(he)風化侵蝕,至明代(dai)末期(qi)(qi)“殿(dian)宇荒廢(fei),僅存(cun)基垣(yuan)”。清乾隆十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)(nian)),山(shan)東嶗山(shan)金山(shan)派道(dao)人倪(ni)理休,云游此地(di),見(jian)有(you)古剎遺(yi)址,便發愿重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟(miao)宇。乾隆十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(即(ji)三(san)霄娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian))工程中,地(di)下(xia)掘出十(shi)六尊遼代(dai)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)鐵鑄羅漢,因此又增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)羅漢殿(dian)。乾隆二十(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)后(hou)宮(即(ji)海神娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)),由于光(guang)緒(xu)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian)(nian))發生火災,將正(zheng)殿(dian)及兩廂全部燒毀(hui),于光(guang)緒(xu)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉(jia)慶(qing)(qing)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大雄寶殿(dian),嘉(jia)慶(qing)(qing)二十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)藏(zang)庵(an),民國(guo)后(hou)期(qi)(qi),將地(di)藏(zang)庵(an)改名為地(di)藏(zang)寺。道(dao)光(guang)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)始先后(hou)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戲樓、財神殿(dian)、龍王殿(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)、鐘樓、文昌閣、呂(lv)祖亭。歷(li)經(jing)清代(dai)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)維修(xiu),逐漸形成如(ru)今之(zhi)規(gui)模。
每(mei)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)農歷四月(yue)十(shi)八是大(da)孤(gu)山鎮(zhen)一年(nian)(nian)一度的(de)(de)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),說到孤(gu)山的(de)(de)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),據孤(gu)山鎮(zhen)志記載:“早在(zai)宋代就有廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之舉,廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)集(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)址在(zai)下廟(miao)(miao)戲樓廣場(chang),規模鼎盛(sheng)時(shi)期(qi)是在(zai)清代的(de)(de)乾隆(long)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian),當時(shi)重修海(hai)神(shen)(shen)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)時(shi),興起了海(hai)神(shen)(shen)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和藥(yao)王廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)四月(yue)十(shi)八天(tian)后宮舉辦民間(jian)(jian)(jian)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),隨著(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)遷(qian)移,海(hai)神(shen)(shen)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)日漸興隆(long),特別(bie)是道光(guang)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)建成(cheng)戲樓后,廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)盛(sheng)況日常空前,廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)內(nei)容也日益豐富多彩,燒香(xiang)拜佛,祈(qi)福(fu)還(huan)愿等,摻和著(zhu)文藝節目、戲曲、雜耍、旱船表演,同時(shi)還(huan)有商品交易(yi),解放(fang)初期(qi)和文革(ge)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中斷(duan)”。
另(ling)據(ju)丹東作家(jia)張(zhang)濤先生所著(zhu)的(de)(de)《孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)獨白(bai)(bai)》一(yi)書(shu)稱(cheng):“娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會,是(shi)(shi)舊歷(li)四(si)月(yue)十八,據(ju)記(ji),這一(yi)天是(shi)(shi)天仙圣母的(de)(de)生日(ri),僧侶(lv)和信徒為(wei)慶祝圣誕而(er)興(xing)辦廟(miao)(miao)會,天仙圣母不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個人,而(er)是(shi)(shi)趙公元帥的(de)(de)三(san)(san)位(wei)女兒——云霄(xiao)(xiao)、碧霄(xiao)(xiao)、瓊霄(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)合稱(cheng),謂(wei)之(zhi)三(san)(san)霄(xiao)(xiao)娘(niang)娘(niang),故廟(miao)(miao)會又稱(cheng)為(wei)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會。”據(ju)歷(li)史記(ji)載(zai),孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古建筑群開山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)始祖倪理休于清乾隆(long)八年(公元1744年)來(lai)到大孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)托(tuo)缽(bo)募化(hua)三(san)(san)載(zai)所建,如此算來(lai),大孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會的(de)(de)歷(li)史可以(yi)(yi)追溯到二(er)百五十年以(yi)(yi)前了。時(shi)至今日(ri),我(wo)們可以(yi)(yi)推想當年,當時(shi),陸路交通并不(bu)發(fa)達,過往(wang)于鴨綠江(jiang)的(de)(de)來(lai)往(wang)船(chuan)只,遙望一(yi)巍峨高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)矗立于黃海岸(an)邊,于是(shi)(shi)停船(chuan)靠岸(an),上岸(an)交易(yi),盛況何其空(kong)前。特別是(shi)(shi)四(si)月(yue)十八,正逢草長鶯飛時(shi)節,長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)貨(huo)獸皮要運往(wang)關內,江(jiang)南的(de)(de)絲(si)竹瓷器又從(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東威海源源而(er)來(lai),孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)就成了南北貨(huo)物的(de)(de)中轉(zhuan)站,南來(lai)北往(wang)的(de)(de)商賈,周邊出海打漁的(de)(de)船(chuan)家(jia),齊聚古鎮,貿易(yi)商談,會親(qin)訪(fang)友,為(wei)大孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會增添豐富的(de)(de)內涵。
古戲(xi)樓(lou),建于清道光六(liu)年(nian),有二百多年(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。它不僅是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)孤山(shan)古建筑群(qun)的(de)標志性建筑,也是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)孤山(shan)鎮(zhen)繁榮的(de)見證。過大(da)(da)年(nian)、正月十五(wu)、端午節、中秋節,每年(nian)四月十八廟會這(zhe)里便(bian)成了旅游與交易場所,繼續(xu)抒寫(xie)著昔日的(de)繁榮。古戲(xi)樓(lou)最具匠心的(de)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)屋(wu)(wu)頂。歇山(shan)式和硬山(shan)式兩種屋(wu)(wu)頂完美結合的(de)建筑形式極為罕(han)見,成為大(da)(da)孤山(shan)古建筑群(qun)三大(da)(da)奇(qi)觀之首。
觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)閣(ge),因其(qi)坐(zuo)南面北(bei),當地(di)人(ren)成為“倒坐(zuo)廟(miao)”。相傳,觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)菩薩圣(sheng)像(xiang)曾面北(bei)背南,從海上飛來,使當地(di)瘟(wen)疫消遁,人(ren)心向善(shan),于是(shi)(shi)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)閣(ge)由(you)此而建(jian)。觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)閣(ge)的古聯也很(hen)有意(yi)(yi)味。上聯是(shi)(shi)“問(wen)(wen)士大夫為何倒坐(zuo)”,下聯是(shi)(shi)“嘆(tan)世人(ren)不肯回(hui)頭”上下聯以(yi)世人(ren)和(he)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)的口吻一問(wen)(wen)一答,充滿意(yi)(yi)趣(qu)和(he)智慧。
無角草(cao)(cao)龍,關帝(di)殿三重檐門(men)樓中部兩(liang)條無角草(cao)(cao)龍,也早就(jiu)了(le)關帝(di)殿的(de)一大(da)(da)奇,和古(gu)戲(xi)樓的(de)屋頂、倒坐的(de)觀(guan)音(yin)閣,構成(cheng)大(da)(da)孤(gu)山古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)的(de)三大(da)(da)奇觀(guan)。