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簡介

青龍(long)山恐龍(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)國家級自然保(bao)護區位于湖(hu)北(bei)省鄖縣(xian)境(jing)內，地處(chu)漢(han)(han)江中上游秦巴山區，史(shi)有(you)“鄂之屏障，陜之咽喉，蜀(shu)之外局”之稱，其(qi)東(dong)枕道教圣地武當山，西傍長江最(zui)(zui)大的支流漢(han)(han)江。地理坐標東(dong)經110°42′50″－110°48′42″，北(bei)緯32°47′30″－32°49′40″，總面積約45平(ping)方千米(mi)。209國道、襄渝鐵路及在建的銀（銀川）武（武漢(han)(han)）高速公路穿梭其(qi)間(jian)，交通(tong)便利，區位優越。氣(qi)候屬(shu)北(bei)亞熱帶溫濕氣(qi)候，四季分明；年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量300－915毫米(mi)，其(qi)中7、8、9三個月(yue)雨量最(zui)(zui)多；年(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫40℃，最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫－10℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫15℃－16℃，年(nian)(nian)無霜期240天。

青龍山(shan)保護(hu)區(qu)位于(yu)秦嶺褶皺帶東端，從晉寧運動開始，境(jing)內地層受到多(duo)次(ci)構造(zao)作用和熱變(bian)(bian)質作用影響，形成了一(yi)(yi)些復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構造(zao)變(bian)(bian)形變(bian)(bian)質作用產物，留下了許多(duo)險崖陡壁，峽(xia)谷峭(qiao)峰，境(jing)內溪(xi)流、瀑(pu)布、奇花異草、自然洞天眾多(duo)。由于(yu)長期風化剝蝕，區(qu)內為低山(shan)丘陵地貌，平均海(hai)拔220m左右(you)，相對高差50m左右(you)。這里保留有18億多(duo)年滄海(hai)桑田(tian)變(bian)(bian)遷的(de)(de)(de)(de)紀(ji)錄(lu)，留下了許多(duo)內涵豐富、罕見奇特(te)、典型(xing)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)地質遺跡(ji)。這里群峰競秀、物華天寶、人杰地靈，被譽為華夏民(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)祥地之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，漢文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)搖籃，是久負盛(sheng)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)“恐(kong)龍之(zhi)鄉”。

青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)石群由臥龍(long)(long)山(shan)、紅寨(zhai)子(zi)、青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)、土廟嶺(ling)、磨(mo)石溝、莊(zhuang)溝等(deng)化(hua)石群組(zu)成(cheng)，賦存(cun)在晚白(bai)(bai)堊紀地層的(de)(de)粉紅色砂(sha)礫巖中(zhong)，距今約6500—13500萬年。在保(bao)護區紅寨(zhai)子(zi)北坡、土廟嶺(ling)區可見到6個產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)層，除(chu)在個別層位(wei)只見到恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼化(hua)石碎(sui)片(pian)外，絕(jue)大部分層位(wei)的(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)石均保(bao)持較(jiao)原(yuan)始的(de)(de)成(cheng)窩狀(zhuang)態。化(hua)石的(de)(de)主要(yao)形態有卵球形、球形、扁球形等(deng)，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼顏色有褐、暗(an)褐、灰白(bai)(bai)色三(san)種(zhong)，分別屬于(yu)五(wu)個恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)：樹枝蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)、網狀(zhuang)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)、蜂窩蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)、棱齒龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)、圓形蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)，其(qi)中(zhong)樹枝蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科(ke)分布最廣、數量最多(duo)(duo)(duo)，約占70%。青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)石群具(ju)有數量和種(zhong)類(lei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，分布集中(zhong)、埋藏淺、原(yuan)始狀(zhuang)態保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)特點，發現最多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)一窩恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)石多(duo)(duo)(duo)達(da)61枚，舉世罕見。

歷史沿革

青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)1995年發(fa)現后，當(dang)年8月(yue)，鄖縣(xian)人民(min)政府(fu)(fu)批準(zhun)在“柳(liu)陂(po)鎮(zhen)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)、紅(hong)寨子恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)出地(di)(di)設(she)立(li)縣(xian)級(ji)地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡(ji)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)”。1996年8月(yue)，十堰(yan)市(shi)人民(min)政府(fu)(fu)將鄖縣(xian)柳(liu)陂(po)鎮(zhen)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)產(chan)地(di)(di)列為市(shi)級(ji)地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡(ji)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。1997年1月(yue)，湖北(bei)省人民(min)政府(fu)(fu)批準(zhun)在鄖縣(xian)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)產(chan)地(di)(di)建立(li)省級(ji)地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡(ji)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，歸口省地(di)(di)礦廳管理(li)。2001年6月(yue)，國(guo)務院批準(zhun)設(she)立(li)“湖北(bei)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)”。2005年8月(yue)，以青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)地(di)(di)質景觀(guan)為主，整合鄖縣(xian)其它地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡(ji)資(zi)源的鄖縣(xian)國(guo)家地(di)(di)質公(gong)園通過國(guo)土資(zi)源部評審。

地質地貌

青龍(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石群(qun)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)青龍(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石群(qun)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)位于鄖(yun)縣盆地西緣，海拔約220米(mi)，相對(dui)高(gao)差50米(mi)。區(qu)內出露地層(ceng)主要(yao)為中(zhong)元古武(wu)當群(qun)、白堊系上(shang)統(tong)、第四系。其(qi)中(zhong)白堊系上(shang)統(tong)角(jiao)砂(sha)巖、含角(jiao)礫的粉砂(sha)巖和細砂(sha)巖為恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石產蛋(dan)地層(ceng)，其(qi)可(ke)分為上(shang)、中(zhong)、下三個部分：

1.下部巖(yan)(yan)性，自下而上主(zhu)要為(wei)角(jiao)礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)、含角(jiao)礫(li)粉砂巖(yan)(yan)，該層厚度為(wei)2－15米。在含角(jiao)礫(li)的(de)粉砂巖(yan)(yan)和細(xi)砂巖(yan)(yan)中，產(chan)豐(feng)富的(de)恐(kong)龍化石(shi)和蛋殼化石(shi)碎(sui)片；

2.中部巖(yan)(yan)性，主要(yao)為礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)、砂質礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)、泥質礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)、含(han)礫(li)砂巖(yan)(yan)、含(han)礫(li)粉砂巖(yan)(yan)及含(han)礫(li)泥巖(yan)(yan)，且(qie)在垂向上呈頻繁交互(hu)出現，該層厚度可(ke)達74米；

3.上(shang)部(bu)巖(yan)(yan)性，底部(bu)為一巨(ju)厚層灰質礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)，其上(shang)為中細(xi)粒(li)石英砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)、粉砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)。三部(bu)分巖(yan)(yan)性組(zu)合的變化(hua)反映(ying)了白堊系上(shang)統自(zi)下而上(shang)粒(li)度總(zong)體由粗變細(xi)的規律。

恐龍蛋化石群

位(wei)于湖北省十堰市和鄖(yun)(yun)縣縣城之間的(de)(de)(de)柳陂鎮青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山，面(mian)積約4平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，距今六千萬(wan)年——八千萬(wan)年左右。該(gai)化(hua)石(shi)群東距縣城約12公(gong)里(li)，南距十堰市區(qu)18公(gong)里(li)。據中國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)大學（武(wu)漢）有關課題組96年2月提交(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)《湖北省鄖(yun)(yun)縣青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山一(yi)帶白堊紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)、恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)及(ji)其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡保(bao)護初步研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)告》和中國(guo)古生物學會秘(mi)書長李風麟教授等專家考察(cha)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)具有以下基(ji)本(ben)特點： 數(shu)(shu)量大。地(di)(di)(di)(di)表可見的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)或蛋(dan)(dan)坑有2000個(ge)。在(zai)(zai)分布(bu)最集中的(de)(de)(de)腹地(di)(di)(di)(di)青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山一(yi)帶約6萬(wan)平方(fang)米范(fan)圍內，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下貯存的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)更(geng)多。 埋藏淺。產蛋(dan)(dan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)大多已(yi)露出接近地(di)(di)(di)(di)表，稍(shao)加揭露即(ji)可見到(dao)在(zai)(zai)窩成(cheng)(cheng)片完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)，對(dui)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、開發均有利(li)。 種(zhong)類(lei)多。目前國(guo)際報(bao)導(dao)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)8個(ge)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)科，國(guo)內報(bao)導(dao)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)7個(ge)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)科中，在(zai)(zai)該(gai)區(qu)發現(xian)有5個(ge)科，且本(ben)區(qu)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)和科中多數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)屬種(zhong)為(wei)(wei)首(shou)次(ci)所(suo)見。 分布(bu)集中。蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)石(shi)密(mi)(mi)集程度高，在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)剖面(mian)上產蛋(dan)(dan)層(ceng)位(wei)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)2-6層(ceng)，且層(ceng)位(wei)比較(jiao)穩定，僅(jin)土廟(miao)嶺分布(bu)有5層(ceng)，同一(yi)層(ceng)位(wei)蛋(dan)(dan)窩間距一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)3-5米，最密(mi)(mi)處不足3米，每窩蛋(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)10個(ge)左右，最多可見25個(ge)。 保(bao)存完好。化(hua)石(shi)及(ji)區(qu)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)保(bao)存較(jiao)完整(zheng)，基(ji)本(ben)保(bao)存了原始成(cheng)(cheng)窩狀(zhuang)態，地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)信(xin)息相當豐(feng)富。

保護價值

鄖縣青龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石群是繼河南西峽恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石之后的(de)又一(yi)重大發(fa)現(xian)，海外(wai)報刊(kan)驚嘆青龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石“全球(qiu)最完(wan)整、規模超西峽”。地質(zhi)專家(jia)聲稱：“這一(yi)罕見的(de)地質(zhi)遺跡是地球(qiu)漫長地質(zhi)歷史時期，由于各種內外(wai)動(dong)力地質(zhi)作用，形成、發(fa)展(zhan)并(bing)遺留下來的(de)珍(zhen)貴的(de)、不可再生的(de)地質(zhi)自然遺產”。 鄖縣青龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石以其(qi)獨特之處為國內外(wai)研究恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)生活習性(xing)、繁殖方(fang)式(shi)及當(dang)時的(de)生態環境提供了(le)十分(fen)珍(zhen)貴的(de)實物證據(ju)，對研究古地理、古氣(qi)候、地球(qiu)的(de)演(yan)變、生物的(de)進化(hua)，對探(tan)討(tao)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石的(de)系(xi)統分(fen)類與演(yan)化(hua)、對探(tan)索地球(qiu)上恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)大批死亡(wang)、滅絕原因具有十分(fen)重要的(de)科(ke)學價值。

管理現狀

青龍山保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)成立(li)以(yi)來，各級政府和(he)(he)主管部門高(gao)度(du)重視(shi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與開(kai)發工作，通過爭取(qu)地(di)質遺(yi)跡保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)經費和(he)(he)自(zi)籌(chou)、招商引資等(deng)方式，目(mu)前(qian)已修(xiu)建高(gao)2.7米(mi)(mi)、總(zong)長629米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)封閉式圍墻，將核(he)(he)心區(qu)(qu)24555平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)范圍內的(de)(de)恐龍蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石實(shi)施(shi)封閉保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)；架起了(le)一長100米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)6米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)太陽板防風(feng)化(hua)(hua)棚，防止核(he)(he)心區(qu)(qu)已裸露的(de)(de)恐龍蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石風(feng)化(hua)(hua)；開(kai)通了(le)排水(shui)溝和(he)(he)人行通道；建起了(le)地(di)質遺(yi)跡防護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)欄(lan)；樹立(li)了(le)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)界(jie)碑(bei)。2007年6月(yue)，裝飾一新的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)綜合樓竣工并(bing)交(jiao)付(fu)使用；保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人員得到(dao)(dao)了(le)落(luo)實(shi)，辦公、交(jiao)通、通訊設施(shi)也得到(dao)(dao)了(le)較大改善(shan)。另外，修(xiu)建了(le)從(cong)209國(guo)道通往保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)5千(qian)米(mi)(mi)水(shui)泥公路；在(zai)核(he)(he)心區(qu)(qu)建立(li)了(le)崗(gang)哨和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)石陳列室；制作了(le)恐龍模型。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理的(de)(de)人、財、物(wu)基本得到(dao)(dao)落(luo)實(shi)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境得到(dao)(dao)了(le)改善(shan)，地(di)質遺(yi)跡保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職能(neng)充分發揮(hui)。

青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)保護區(qu)重視科研(yan)工(gong)作，開展了1:10000地(di)質與生(sheng)態環境調查(cha)、1:500地(di)質景(jing)觀詳(xiang)細(xi)調查(cha)、產蛋(dan)地(di)層調查(cha)、恐(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)類(lei)型鑒定等基礎性地(di)質工(gong)作，提交了《湖北鄖縣青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)一(yi)帶晚(wan)白堊世(shi)地(di)層及恐(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)初步研(yan)究》、《湖北鄖縣青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)一(yi)帶的晚(wan)白堊世(shi)恐(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)》等科研(yan)論(lun)文。

2005年，以(yi)青龍山恐龍蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)群為(wei)主(zhu)的鄖縣(xian)國家地質(zhi)公園獲得國土(tu)資源部(bu)批準，它擁有(you)舉世(shi)(shi)罕見的恐龍蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)群奇觀，同時這(zhe)里還出土(tu)了單棘龍、巴克(ke)龍骨(gu)骼化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，“鄖縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)”頭骨(gu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)、梅鋪猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)牙(ya)齒化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，每一次新的發現都(dou)讓世(shi)(shi)界為(wei)之(zhi)一震，這(zhe)讓鄖縣(xian)成為(wei)古生物與古脊椎動物研究的理想(xiang)地。

現在(zai)(zai)，保護(hu)區(qu)搶抓鄖縣國家地(di)質公園建設的(de)機遇，加強保護(hu)區(qu)管(guan)護(hu)能力，制作了《鄖縣國家地(di)質公園總體規劃(hua)》、《鄖縣國家地(di)質公園青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山主題景區(qu)控制性(xing)詳細規劃(hua)》，這兩個規劃(hua)正在(zai)(zai)逐步實施(shi)之中，相(xiang)信通過努(nu)力，青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山恐龍(long)蛋化石群國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)的(de)明天會更(geng)好。

開發前景

青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)自(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)開發(fa)前(qian)景十分誘人，以青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)為主題涵蓋柳陂農業(ye)(ye)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)園、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)湖(hu)金砂灣水上樂園的(de)(de)鄖陽(yang)地質(zhi)公(gong)園己(ji)初具(ju)規模(mo)。其一(yi)，該區(qu)是中國唯一(yi)一(yi)個地質(zhi)遺跡類國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)，為青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)的(de)(de)開發(fa)利(li)(li)用創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)了(le)(le)條(tiao)件。其二，配套設施(shi)日趨(qu)完(wan)善。二級(ji)(ji)公(gong)路改造(zao)(zao)、核(he)心(xin)區(qu)封閉圍(wei)墻、環形參(can)觀(guan)(guan)路線、地質(zhi)剖面揭露、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)剝離等工程先后(hou)完(wan)工，接待(dai)室、影像室、陳列室相(xiang)繼開門迎賓(bin)，梅鋪恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)骨骼化石(shi)落戶青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)，為青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)又增加了(le)(le)一(yi)道亮麗風景線。形成了(le)(le)以青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)湖(hu)、鄖陽(yang)大成殿、南方(fang)(fang)猿(yuan)人遺址等觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)旅游(you)(you)區(qu)；特(te)別是恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)湖(hu)上的(de)(de)明珠——金砂灣水上樂園開業(ye)(ye)后(hou)，吸引了(le)(le)八方(fang)(fang)賓(bin)朋(peng)。其三，區(qu)位(wei)優(you)越。該區(qu)交通便利(li)(li)，東靠鄖縣漢江斜拉(la)橋8公(gong)里(li)，南鄰十堰市區(qu)23公(gong)里(li)，距(ju)青(qing)(qing)(qing)曲“南方(fang)(fang)古猿(yuan)”、“梅鋪猿(yuan)人”遺址和恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)骨骼化石(shi)產地僅40—70公(gong)里(li)，已形成了(le)(le)集“科(ke)研—科(ke)普—旅游(you)(you)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)”三位(wei)—體的(de)(de)格局。