仙(xian)霞森(sen)(sen)(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)浙江(jiang)(jiang)仙(xian)霞森(sen)(sen)(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)位于浙、閩、贛三(san)省交界處的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)山(shan)市(shi)東(dong)南部保(bao)安鄉、雙(shuang)溪(xi)口鄉、廿(nian)(nian)八都(dou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)境(jing)內(nei)。公(gong)園(yuan)分(fen)為仙(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)景區(qu)(qu)、龍井(jing)坑景區(qu)(qu)和浮蓋(gai)山(shan)景區(qu)(qu)三(san)部分(fen),涉及(ji)江(jiang)(jiang)山(shan)市(shi)保(bao)安鄉、雙(shuang)溪(xi)口鄉、廿(nian)(nian)八都(dou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)三(san)個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)5個行政村及(ji)江(jiang)(jiang)山(shan)市(shi)林業總(zong)場龍井(jing)坑、仙(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)兩個林區(qu)(qu)。景區(qu)(qu)內(nei)自(zi)然資(zi)源十分(fen)豐富,森(sen)(sen)(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)達95%以上。森(sen)(sen)(sen)林資(zi)源、自(zi)然景觀與人文史跡(ji)都(dou)具有較高的(de)觀賞、科學和文化價值。在第三(san)屆(jie)中國森(sen)(sen)(sen)林風景資(zi)源評價委員(yuan)會第二次會議(yi)上,公(gong)園(yuan)晉(jin)升為中國國家級森(sen)(sen)(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)。
旅游景點
仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)森林公(gong)園依托逶迤東(dong)南(nan)的(de)仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)嶺山(shan)脈,北有(you)沖天(tian)大將軍黃巢刊辟的(de)仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)古(gu)(gu)道(dao),南(nan)有(you)令徐霞(xia)(xia)客神往的(de)浮(fu)蓋山(shan),東(dong)有(you)堪稱“浙(zhe)江版納”的(de)原始次生林,森林旅游資源(yuan)極其豐富,景(jing)(jing)點密度(du)(du)大,可(ke)覽度(du)(du)高,景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)特色(se)鮮明(ming),類別齊全,集古(gu)(gu)樹修(xiu)竹(zhu)、奇峰怪石、飛瀑流泉、幽洞深潭等(deng)自然景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)于一(yi)身,以雄(xiong)關古(gu)(gu)道(dao)、寺庵碑碣、名人(ren)題(ti)詠、神話傳說等(deng)璀璨人(ren)文歷史為烘托,具有(you)“青、幽、秀、奇、雄(xiong)、險(xian)、古(gu)(gu)”的(de)特色(se)。
仙霞(xia)森林公園主要景(jing)物(wu)有169個(ge),按(an)可覽度分(fen),上(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)景(jing)9個(ge),上(shang)(shang)景(jing)82個(ge),中景(jing)78個(ge);按(an)類(lei)(lei)型分(fen),地文類(lei)(lei)64個(ge),水文類(lei)(lei)54個(ge),生物(wu)類(lei)(lei)26個(ge),人文類(lei)(lei)23個(ge),天象類(lei)(lei)2個(ge)。
古樹茂林,堪稱“浙江版納”
公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)茂盛(sheng),崇山(shan)峻嶺(ling),擁翠(cui)披(pi)綠,植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)以常綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)為主(zhu),仙霞(xia)(xia)嶺(ling)和(he)石(shi)鼓峽景(jing)(jing)(jing)區有(you)(you)較大面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)分(fen)布,浮蓋山(shan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區有(you)(you)部分(fen)馬(ma)尾松(song)、杉木(mu)片林(lin)(lin)(lin)或針闊(kuo)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)木(mu)本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)87科232屬634種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)數種(zhong)(zhong)屬國家(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)護和(he)國家(jia)二級保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達到95%。翠(cui)竹(zhu)蒼松(song)、櫧栲(kao)常綠,一(yi)年(nian)四季(ji)(ji)(ji),森林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)郁郁蔥蔥,隨著季(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)變換,呈(cheng)現豐富多(duo)姿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。春天(tian),萬木(mu)滋生(sheng)(sheng),欣欣向榮,山(shan)花燦爛,新枝(zhi)嫩(nen)葉如雪;夏日,山(shan)色(se)如黛(dai),濃蔭翠(cui)蓋,竹(zhu)影搖曳(ye),林(lin)(lin)(lin)間清(qing)風習習;入秋(qiu),紅葉點點,野果(guo)飄香,鳥(niao)鳴(ming)啁啾,竹(zhu)海松(song)濤翻騰;冬季(ji)(ji)(ji),寒山(shan)凝重,泉聲幽咽,瓊(qiong)枝(zhi)玉樹(shu)(shu)(shu),滿(man)山(shan)銀妝素裹(guo)。尤(you)其在(zai)春夏時節(jie),仙霞(xia)(xia)關(guan)頂常有(you)(you)云(yun)霧(wu)繚繞,倏忽間近樹(shu)(shu)(shu)遠山(shan)變得模糊不清(qing),水珠飛(fei)(fei)沫(mo)如精靈(ling)飄飛(fei)(fei),待陽光從云(yun)間透射,金光萬縷(lv),山(shan)水林(lin)(lin)(lin)木(mu)均籠罩在(zai)金色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霞(xia)(xia)光里,稱“仙霞(xia)(xia)披(pi)彩”奇觀(guan)(guan)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)龍井(jing)坑生(sheng)(sheng)態區有(you)(you)一(yi)片原始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin),因山(shan)高(gao)路遠,幾百年(nian)來(lai)沒有(you)(you)人為活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞,是浙江省最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。古(gu)木(mu)參天(tian),長藤老樹(shu)(shu)(shu)不計其數,飛(fei)(fei)禽(qin)走(zou)獸出沒其間,構成(cheng)“浙江西雙版納”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美麗畫卷。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)為數可觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)名木(mu),分(fen)布于村(cun)落、古(gu)道、寺廟(miao)旁。仙霞(xia)(xia)古(gu)道上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃巢拴馬(ma)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),石(shi)鼓村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千年(nian)紅豆杉,龍皇廟(miao)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胸徑1.5米、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡(ling)400余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)大榧樹(shu)(shu)(shu),還有(you)(you)古(gu)柳(liu)杉、古(gu)銀杏等(deng)等(deng),不勝(sheng)枚(mei)舉。植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)個體之(zhi)(zhi)間,植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)與(yu)(yu)山(shan)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)間也組成(cheng)許多(duo)觀(guan)(guan)賞價值較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan),有(you)(you)枝(zhi)柯相(xiang)扶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“姐妹栲(kao)”,古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)抱竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“胸有(you)(you)成(cheng)竹(zhu)”,新竹(zhu)破(po)(po)巖而發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“細竹(zhu)破(po)(po)石(shi)”;有(you)(you)枯立木(mu)銅干(gan)鐵臂般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“枯桿(gan)問天(tian)”,灌草簇生(sheng)(sheng)溪石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)然(ran)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)”,古(gu)藤盤繞出洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“蟒蛇出洞(dong)”等(deng)等(deng),野趣(qu)盎然(ran)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)茂密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)為野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)提供了(le)(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棲息地,野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁多(duo)。珍(zhen)禽(qin)異獸與(yu)(yu)茂盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)諧(xie)地相(xiang)存相(xiang)依(yi),展示了(le)(le)大自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勃勃生(sheng)(sheng)機。
飛瀑流泉,山水自然靈秀
仙霞森林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)山巒起(qi)伏,溝深(shen)(shen)(shen)壑險,眾多泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)順山勢(shi)而(er)下(xia),匯成(cheng)溪澗(jian),水(shui)(shui)懸為瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu),跌(die)落(luo)成(cheng)潭(tan)(tan),聚而(er)生(sheng)湖。若山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為公(gong)園(yuan)之(zhi)骨(gu)骼,森林(lin)為衣裳(shang),水(shui)(shui)則(ze)為血(xue)脈。泉(quan)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)溪澗(jian)潭(tan)(tan)湖如(ru)(ru)(ru)公(gong)園(yuan)脈絡,跳動流(liu)(liu)淌不(bu)止。山得水(shui)(shui)而(er)活,水(shui)(shui)因(yin)(yin)山而(er)秀。山光(guang)水(shui)(shui)色相輝映,更(geng)添自然(ran)靈秀。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)峽(xia)口的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)湖波平(ping)如(ru)(ru)(ru)鏡,湖畔(pan)翠竹(zhu)(zhu)清幽,倒影澄(cheng)碧,如(ru)(ru)(ru)群山懷抱中的一塊(kuai)翡(fei)翠。峽(xia)谷深(shen)(shen)(shen)處,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)三潭(tan)(tan)掩映于綠樹之(zhi)間,純靜秀美(mei),虬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)澗(jian)湍急如(ru)(ru)(ru)竹(zhu)(zhu)箭(jian),與亂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相激,聲如(ru)(ru)(ru)金戈(ge),勢(shi)欲移石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);潭(tan)(tan)上有(you)(you)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu),因(yin)(yin)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阻擋,分大小(xiao)(xiao)兩注,上分下(xia)合,宛(wan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母子(zi)情深(shen)(shen)(shen)。瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)因(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)量、地(di)勢(shi)的差異,如(ru)(ru)(ru)青絲(si)(si)如(ru)(ru)(ru)珠簾(lian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)白練,似(si)天(tian)線似(si)臥龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)似(si)“之(zhi)”字。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)坑生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)區的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)門瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)從峭(qiao)壁上一天(tian)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋橋孔下(xia)飛流(liu)(liu)直瀉,水(shui)(shui)花飛濺,紛(fen)紛(fen)揚揚,飄于木杪林(lin)間,瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)鳴如(ru)(ru)(ru)雷(lei)震耳。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)景區山勢(shi)陡(dou)峻曲折(zhe),澗(jian)水(shui)(shui)蜿蜒(yan)奔流(liu)(liu),似(si)一條玉(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)盤旋而(er)下(xia),跌(die)宕成(cheng)大大小(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)無數潭(tan)(tan)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu),中有(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)潭(tan)(tan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)可測,稱九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing),謂(wei)潛(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、臥龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、隱龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、顯(xian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、躍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、吟(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、玉(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、飛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)井(jing)。潭(tan)(tan)不(bu)在深(shen)(shen)(shen),有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則(ze)靈。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)因(yin)(yin)賦予了(le)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)文化更(geng)顯(xian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)幽古奧。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)潭(tan)(tan)之(zhi)間,飛瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)流(liu)(liu)泉(quan)各(ge)有(you)(you)形態(tai)(tai):飛花瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)半空擊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),如(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)女散花;香(xiang)草(cao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)香(xiang)草(cao)叢生(sheng),嵐氣蒸騰,如(ru)(ru)(ru)嗅蘭麝(she);玉(yu)階(jie)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)沿天(tian)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階(jie)俯沖而(er)下(xia),如(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)層(ceng)玉(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階(jie)梯;水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)下(xia)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)欲躍,疑(yi)為水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)洞府;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)緊貼皺折(zhe)不(bu)平(ping)巖壁,似(si)流(liu)(liu)非瀉,如(ru)(ru)(ru)絲(si)(si)絲(si)(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎;琵琶泉(quan)泉(quan)形若琵琶,錚(zheng)錚(zheng)淙(cong)淙(cong),高山流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui),琴韻(yun)悠悠。真可謂(wei)“淙(cong)淙(cong)萬音(yin)落(luo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)顛,皎皎一派當簾(lian)前(qian)。清風高吹(chui)鸞鶴淚(lei),白日下(xia)照蛟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎。”
險峰怪石,磊疊如蓋神奇
每當(dang)冬季雪(xue)后,石上(shang)積雪(xue)被風掃入(ru)石隙,石頂(ding)積雪(xue)融化,石隙間仍(reng)厚(hou)積白(bai)雪(xue),此時遙望,層層疊疊的奇巖(yan)怪石像躺于白(bai)綾素羅之(zhi)中,黑白(bai)分明,形(xing)成“浮蓋殘雪(xue)”奇觀。此外,還有(you)大量的象(xiang)形(xing)奇石星(xing)羅棋布于公園(yuan)的溪(xi)澗峽谷,仙霞森林公園(yuan)實乃集大地頑石之(zhi)奇觀。
園內(nei)巨巖崩塌壘疊,又(you)構(gou)成無數洞(dong)穴深(shen)罅。洞(dong)洞(dong)相連,上下貫通,石洞(dong)內(nei)時(shi)寬時(shi)窄;頂開而(er)(er)明(ming),頂合(he)而(er)(er)暗,光影變幻莫測。有細藤如簾(lian)懸掛洞(dong)口的垂(chui)簾(lian)洞(dong);有青苔(tai)如絨似毯的禪意洞(dong);有古藤攀援探(tan)出洞(dong)頂的蟒蛇(she)洞(dong)等等。游人在(zai)忽(hu)明(ming)忽(hu)暗的群(qun)洞(dong)之(zhi)間(jian)躬身穿(chuan)行,猶如置(zhi)身龐大的磊石迷宮之(zhi)中,妙趣(qu)橫(heng)生(sheng)。險峰、奇石、幽(you)洞(dong)、深(shen)峽,輔(fu)以宗教文(wen)化和故事傳說,更(geng)添仙霞森(sen)林公(gong)園的神(shen)奇之(zhi)處。
雄關古道,人文薈萃絢麗
仙(xian)霞森林公園(yuan)歷史(shi)悠久,人(ren)(ren)文史(shi)跡源遠流長。唐乾符五(wu)年(nian)(nian),農(nong)民起義軍(jun)(jun)領袖黃巢(chao)率部于仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)(ling)刊山伐道(dao)(dao)(dao)700里(li)(li),直(zhi)趨建州,這條(tiao)二十四曲、三百六(liu)十級的(de)山道(dao)(dao)(dao),即成為(wei)著名的(de)仙(xian)霞古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。公園(yuan)北(bei)列仙(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)(guan),南峙楓(feng)(feng)嶺(ling)(ling)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。仙(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)(guan)建于宋代,有“東(dong)南鎖鑰”、“八閩(min)咽喉”之(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng),現存(cun)石砌(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)門四道(dao)(dao)(dao),為(wei)中(zhong)國十大軍(jun)(jun)事名關(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。楓(feng)(feng)嶺(ling)(ling)關(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)浙閩(min)界關(guan)(guan)(guan),有“東(dong)方(fang)劍閣”、“浙西南第一(yi)(yi)門戶(hu)”之(zhi)(zhi)譽,清順治年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)屯兵戍守,現存(cun)石砌(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)門一(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。雄(xiong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)兩旁,有東(dong)南鎖鑰碑、黃巢(chao)紀(ji)念館、松風(feng)亭(ting)、霞嶺(ling)(ling)亭(ting)、福口亭(ting)、天(tian)雨庵、古(gu)(gu)操場(chang)、古(gu)(gu)炮(pao)臺、抗日(ri)戰壕(hao)、率性齋(zhai)、十八肩(jian)古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、里(li)(li)山寺等等,人(ren)(ren)文景(jing)觀如顆(ke)顆(ke)明珠熠熠生輝。正如郁達夫(fu)在《仙(xian)霞紀(ji)險》所描述的(de)“轉一(yi)(yi)個彎,變一(yi)(yi)番景(jing)色;上一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)嶺(ling)(ling),辟(pi)一(yi)(yi)個天(tian)地(di)”。仙(xian)霞古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)及仙(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)(guan)歷來為(wei)兵家必爭(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。南宋高宗建炎三年(nian)(nian),江浙制(zhi)置使韓(han)世(shi)忠越仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)(ling)擊潰叛軍(jun)(jun);明正統九年(nian)(nian),葉(xie)留宗領導礦(kuang)工(gong)起義;清光緒廿(nian)六(liu)年(nian)(nian),江山劉家福領導農(nong)民起義,攻占此關(guan)(guan)(guan);民國24至26年(nian)(nian),工(gong)農(nong)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)挺進師在粟(su)裕、劉英領導下,于仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)建立游(you)擊根據地(di)。雄(xiong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)見證了歷史(shi),并留給游(you)人(ren)(ren)滄桑巨(ju)變的(de)感悟。
仙(xian)霞(xia)古道也留下歷代(dai)(dai)文人(ren)墨(mo)客的足跡(ji)。明代(dai)(dai)地理(li)學(xue)家(jia)、旅行(xing)家(jia)徐(xu)霞(xia)客曾循仙(xian)霞(xia)古道,游覽(lan)浮蓋山,發(fa)出“怪石摩云,飛崖削翠(cui)”的贊嘆,并在(zai)《閩游日(ri)記(ji)》、《后閩游記(ji)》中(zhong)作詳(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)載。歷代(dai)(dai)文人(ren)墨(mo)客陸游、楊萬里(li)、汪藻、黃公度、徐(xu)渭、周(zhou)亮(liang)工、袁(yuan)枚(mei)、查慎行(xing)、郁(yu)達夫(fu)等也多有題詠。絢麗的詩文與雄關古道、歷史(shi)事(shi)件賦予(yu)了仙(xian)霞(xia)森(sen)林公園豐富(fu)的文化內涵(han)和深厚的歷史(shi)底蘊。