馬(ma)陵(ling)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)復雜,因(yin)此山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處北東向郯廬斷(duan)裂(lie)帶(dai)(為我國東部(bu)巨型斷(duan)裂(lie)帶(dai),北起(qi)沈陽南(nan)到(dao)安(an)徽的廬江)中(zhong)段,故(gu)有(you)(you)山(shan)體扭曲的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)景(jing)觀(guan),有(you)(you)錯落有(you)(you)致的千(qian)層崖、泥(ni)裂(lie)龜(gui)殼崖。馬(ma)陵(ling)山(shan)上發現的古(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石極為豐(feng)富,珍貴而(er)罕(han)見(jian),有(you)(you)中(zhong)生代柏樹化(hua)(hua)(hua)石,大(da)片碎枝葉化(hua)(hua)(hua)石群,有(you)(you)大(da)面(mian)積的鴨嘴恐龍化(hua)(hua)(hua)石群,有(you)(you)新生代大(da)象(xiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石、鹿化(hua)(hua)(hua)石、犀牛化(hua)(hua)(hua)石、熊化(hua)(hua)(hua)石等(deng),故(gu)馬(ma)陵(ling)山(shan)有(you)(you)“天然博物館”之稱, 2007年被(bei)山(shan)東省批準為省級地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)附(fu)近(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji),主要分布于附(fu)近(jin)面(mian)積80平方千(qian)米(mi)內(nei),因(yin)存在構造形(xing)跡(ji)(ji)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)剖面(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌、金(jin)剛(gang)石產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、恐龍足印化(hua)(hua)(hua)石、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害等(deng)遺跡(ji)(ji)。馬(ma)陵(ling)古(gu)道(dao)附(fu)近(jin)景(jing)點(dian)(dian)不(bu)下(xia)幾十處。 北部(bu)九道(dao)灣(林(lin)場),山(shan)巒(luan)起(qi)伏(fu),九曲盤繞,不(bu)僅平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)突起(qi),山(shan)川(chuan)險要,而(er)且故(gu)壘遺跡(ji)(ji)遍布,有(you)(you)點(dian)(dian)將臺、校兵場等(deng),人文景(jing)觀(guan)與自然景(jing)觀(guan)俱佳。出九道(dao)彎,越(yue)跑馬(ma)嶺,便是一、二、三(san)、四(si)山(shan)溝和(he)一、二、三(san)、四(si)山(shan)澗,群山(shan)連綿(mian),清泉寺遺址、奶(nai)(nai)奶(nai)(nai)廟遺址布于其中(zhong),沭水人工湖、河東老虎崖、礦泉過山(shan)隧道(dao)等(deng)景(jing)點(dian)(dian)相映。
麥(mai)坡(po)世界地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質公園(yuan)位于山(shan)東省郯(tan)城縣馬(ma)陵山(shan)景區(qu)麥(mai)坡(po)村東馬(ma)陵山(shan)西坡(po)。遺址(zhi)坐落在郯(tan)廬(lu)斷裂帶之上,是世界罕見的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質奇觀(guan)(guan)。現(xian)如今世界上僅存(cun)兩處,是為大地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)后(hou)數(shu)百(bai)年(nian)至今仍未過(guo)活躍期的(de)自然奇觀(guan)(guan),被中國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)局正式批準為國(guo)家級典型地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)遺址(zhi)。淺紅(hong)色土壤(rang)為新(xin)生(sheng)代,黃褐色為中生(sheng)代,兩種顏色的(de)土壤(rang)一(yi)線(xian)之隔,兩者(zhe)相差的(de)年(nian)代超過(guo)億年(nian),如果你從中間的(de)線(xian)上漫步(bu)而過(guo),就實現(xian)了"一(yi)步(bu)跨越億年(nian)"的(de)神話(hua)。麥(mai)坡(po)世界地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質公園(yuan)占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)1050畝,建設(she)有(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)科普教(jiao)育(yu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)體(ti)驗館、景觀(guan)(guan)塔、景觀(guan)(guan)棧(zhan)道等景點。
齊魏馬陵之戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)古戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場遺(yi)(yi)址公(gong)園位于馬陵山核心(xin)區龐涓溝(gou),是公(gong)元前341年(nian)齊魏馬陵之戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)決戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地。2001年(nian),馬陵古戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場被中國(guo)軍(jun)事(shi)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)定為中國(guo)古代軍(jun)事(shi)科(ke)學(xue)教研基地。古戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場遺(yi)(yi)址公(gong)園于2010年(nian)6月份(fen)開(kai)始總體規劃(hua),2011年(nian)3月初開(kai)工建設,總面積(ji)2085畝,規劃(hua)的景點已基本建成。公(gong)園主要(yao)景點有:濱水廣場、孫(sun)(sun)子(zi)孫(sun)(sun)臏(bin)紀念(nian)園、馬陵之戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)博(bo)物館、百將書法(fa)碑林廣場、誘敵景觀廊道、木棧道、孫(sun)(sun)臏(bin)指揮臺。
馬陵山(shan)溫泉(quan)度(du)(du)假村占地500畝,建四星級洗浴、餐飲、會議、住宿為一體的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合休閑度(du)(du)假區(qu)。在自(zi)然(ran)中(zhong)尋(xun)找健康,美麗的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)、簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)、清新的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣、叮咚(dong)的(de)(de)(de)泉(quan)水,不由得勾起(qi)人(ren)們對(dui)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)憧(chong)憬和向往。中(zhong)華傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)養生(sheng)(sheng)秘訣,結合現代(dai)理序技(ji)術,將(jiang)為游(you)客(ke)找回真正的(de)(de)(de)健康生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)和心(xin)靈(ling)享受。一號(hao)地熱泉(quan)井已投入使用(yong)位于沭河西岸、景區(qu)裂莊村南(nan)村北,水深2000米左右(you),井口出(chu)水溫度(du)(du)45度(du)(du)以(yi)上,每井日出(chu)水量(liang)300立方。
景(jing)點(dian)位于馬陵(ling)山(shan)景(jing)區南(nan)(nan)端,距郯(tan)城(cheng)縣城(cheng)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)10公(gong)里(li),全區南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)3公(gong)里(li),總面積有4000余畝。主要景(jing)點(dian)有黑龍(long)潭(tan)、望海(hai)(hai)(hai)樓(lou)、孔子(zi)登臨處、小三峽(xia)、由(you)吾(wu)(wu)洞(dong)和細(xi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)遺(yi)址等(deng),將按照(zhao)景(jing)區總體規劃進行整(zheng)體開(kai)發。郯(tan)城(cheng)縣大尚(shang)莊(zhuang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)2.5公(gong)里(li)的山(shan)巔上(shang),突起一(yi)峰,形如石(shi)(shi)樓(lou),即(ji)是望海(hai)(hai)(hai)樓(lou)。孔子(zi)周游列(lie)國,至郯(tan)拜師郯(tan)子(zi)時,曾登石(shi)(shi)樓(lou)望海(hai)(hai)(hai),故稱”望樓(lou)云(yun)影“之勝。 由(you)吾(wu)(wu)仙洞(dong)在大尚(shang)莊(zhuang)東(dong)(dong)1公(gong)里(li)處的馬陵(ling)山(shan)鴿子(zi)澗,在北(bei)(bei)(bei)岸(an)陡壁(bi)上(shang)有兩個石(shi)(shi)洞(dong),東(dong)(dong)洞(dong)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬3.25米(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)2.9米(mi),東(dong)(dong)壁(bi)上(shang)刻有八仙過海(hai)(hai)(hai),西(xi)壁(bi)上(shang)有飛鶴乘人,洞(dong)內(nei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)三面都(dou)有一(yi)米(mi)寬的石(shi)(shi)臺,稱作(zuo)“石(shi)(shi)床“,相傳是由(you)吾(wu)(wu)坐禪睡覺(jue)的地方(fang)。據考(kao)證該洞(dong)較早開(kai)鑿(zao)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)為(wei)新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)年(nian)(nian)代(dai),距今已有萬(wan)年(nian)(nian),列(lie)為(wei)三級保(bao)護。細(xi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)遺(yi)址主要分布在黑龍(long)潭(tan)南(nan)(nan)側(ce),為(wei)省級重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位。
九(jiu)道灣樣山(shan)風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)位于沭(shu)河西岸,北于臨沭(shu)接壤,面積333公(gong)頃,景(jing)區(qu)內山(shan)巒起伏(fu),九(jiu)曲盤繞(rao),溝澗縱(zong)橫,花(hua)果飄香,境內有箭(jian)眼石(shi)、龐涓(juan)墓等出(chu)名景(jing)點,建設有景(jing)點碼頭一處,建設高端生(sheng)態度假區(qu)。以農業生(sheng)產過(guo)程、農村(cun)風(feng)貌、農民勞動(dong)生(sheng)產場景(jing)吸引游客,使(shi)游客親身體驗農村(cun)生(sheng)活、享受農業風(feng)光、欣賞農家風(feng)情。九(jiu)道灣休閑度假區(qu)分為(wei)休閑農場、觀光農園(yuan)、觀光漁(yu)場、假日(ri)花(hua)市和市民農園(yuan)五(wu)個(ge)部分。
清泉寺森(sen)林(lin)公園位(wei)于馬陵(ling)山北段,東(dong)至沭河東(dong)岸,西至窟窿溝西側(ce),北至跑馬嶺水(shui)庫北側(ce)山脊(ji)線,南至清泉寺南側(ce)鄉村道路。是在清泉寺林(lin)場基(ji)礎上,經 國家林(lin)業部批(pi)準成(cheng)立的省級森(sen)林(lin)公園,公園占地(di)4000畝。主(zhu)要(yao)功能分區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有:馬陵(ling)山古道游(you)覽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、清泉寺游(you)覽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、田(tian)園風情區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、拓(tuo)展運動區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云門湖游(you)覽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、彩(cai)林(lin)山谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、濱(bin)河運動休閑區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、濱(bin)河度(du)假接待區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沭河游(you)賞體(ti)驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
公(gong)元(yuan)前341年(nian)的戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期,七雄之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)的魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)動了中國(guo)(guo)古代軍(jun)事史上(shang)出名的齊(qi)魏(wei)(wei)馬(ma)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)。馬(ma)陵(ling)山位于郯(tan)城(cheng)縣城(cheng)東10公(gong)里,南北走(zou)向(xiang),因狀如奔馬(ma)而得(de)名。該山在臨沭、郯(tan)城(cheng)、江(jiang)蘇省新(xin)沂三縣交界處,綿延60余公(gong)里。據考證,歷史上(shang)出名的齊(qi)魏(wei)(wei)馬(ma)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)就發(fa)(fa)生在這(zhe)里。公(gong)元(yuan)前342年(nian),魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)大(da)將龐(pang)涓(juan)率兵(bing)攻(gong)(gong)打韓國(guo)(guo),韓國(guo)(guo)求助于齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)田忌(ji)為主將、孫臏(bin)為軍(jun)師(shi),直(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)都大(da)梁。龐(pang)涓(juan)聞訊回兵(bing),齊(qi)軍(jun)早(zao)已繞道東撤。龐(pang)涓(juan)率兵(bing)追趕;孫臏(bin)采用減灶誘敵之(zhi)(zhi)計(ji),將魏(wei)(wei)軍(jun)誘入馬(ma)陵(ling)古道,大(da)破魏(wei)(wei)軍(jun),射殺龐(pang)涓(juan)。《郯(tan)城(cheng)縣志》載有明代李先芳(fang)的詩(shi):“迥合長(chang)堤衛水秋,滿(man)懷黃(huang)葉(xie)荻(di)颼颼。居人近指馬(ma)陵(ling)道,遺磧遙傳瓦(wa)屋頭(tou)。昔日孫龐(pang)曾決勝,只今草(cao)木尚含愁。不(bu)知(zhi)七國(guo)(guo)皆迷地(di),猶自停車吊(diao)古邱(qiu)。”此(ci)詩(shi)亦可證馬(ma)陵(ling)山之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)發(fa)(fa)生于此(ci)。
馬陵之戰戰場就位于郯城縣(xian)城東北(bei)20公里處(chu)馬陵山腹地(di)(di)。該(gai)處(chu)1993年(nian)即被批準為省級(ji)國家(jia)(jia)森林(lin)公園,現有林(lin)地(di)(di)3萬余畝。1992年(nian),來自海內外的100多名(ming)專家(jia)(jia)學者經實地(di)(di)考察和學術(shu)討論,認(ren)定齊魏馬陵之戰戰址即在此處(chu)。遺址地(di)(di)貌存留良好,特別(bie)是獨龍澗(jian)(又名(ming)龐涓溝(gou))為馬陵戰場核心區域,內有恨(hen)谷崖、上(shang)馬石、龐涓墓等眾(zhong)多名(ming)勝古跡,而且山深林(lin)密,地(di)(di)形復(fu)雜(za),為臨(lin)沂銀雀山漢墓出(chu)土《陳(chen)忌問(wen)壘》文中所述“隘塞死(si)地(di)(di)”。
龐(pang)涓(juan)溝為(wei)馬陵戰(zhan)場核心區(qu)(qu)域,龐(pang)涓(juan)溝內及附近(jin)與孫(sun)(sun)、龐(pang)大戰(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)關的(de)地名很多,有(you)(you)(you)孫(sun)(sun)臏(bin)營(ying)(ying)(ying)壘、伏兵崖、恨古(gu)(gu)崖等戰(zhan)場遺跡。孫(sun)(sun)臏(bin)養(yang)馬的(de)馬場,齊(qi)軍射(she)龐(pang)涓(juan)的(de)“射(she)子”(今稱“社子”)、掛箭區(qu)(qu)、卸(xie)甲(jia)營(ying)(ying)(ying)由(you)(you)此得名。其中(zhong)較出(chu)名的(de)為(wei)卸(xie)甲(jia)營(ying)(ying)(ying)村(cun),相傳是龐(pang)涓(juan)中(zhong)箭死后,孫(sun)(sun)臏(bin)在這里安(an)營(ying)(ying)(ying),讓(rang)士(shi)兵卸(xie)甲(jia)休整而得名。在馬陵山區(qu)(qu)古(gu)(gu)道沿(yan)線,與齊(qi)魏馬陵之戰(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)關的(de)地名、村(cun)名有(you)(you)(you)數十處(chu)。龐(pang)涓(juan)溝附近(jin)的(de)樣山,山頂有(you)(you)(you)龐(pang)涓(juan)墓,墓下,山前古(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)“安(an)子廟”,傳系孫(sun)(sun)殯念與龐(pang)涓(juan)同學(xue)為(wei)龐(pang)而建。民間(jian)也曾(ceng)傳說螃(pang)蟹(xie)由(you)(you)龐(pang)涓(juan)變化而來(lai),廟北還發現一無字紅石(shi)古(gu)(gu)碑,意(yi)為(wei)千(qian)秋(qiu)功過(guo)任(ren)憑后人評(ping)說。
龐涓溝附近(jin)馬(ma)陵(ling)山區(qu)古道,出土(tu)了(le)(le)大量的與(yu)齊古道摩崖(ya)石魏馬(ma)陵(ling)之(zhi)戰(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的文物。這些文物主要有兩大類:一是(shi)兵(bing)(bing)器與(yu)鍋灶炕(kang),二是(shi)墓(mu)葬。自1958年,在修水(shui)利工程,出土(tu)了(le)(le)400—500枚銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箭頭起,龐涓溝附近(jin)馬(ma)陵(ling)山出土(tu)了(le)(le)幾(ji)十(shi)個鍋灶炕(kang)和(he)數千(qian)枚銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箭頭、三棱式銅(tong)(tong)(tong)簇,數百個鍋灶炕(kang),以及青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)劍、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)刺、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)戈等戰(zhan)國時期的青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)兵(bing)(bing)器。 一件帶銘文的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)戈,名曰(yue):“谷氏左”。據先秦史專家、古文字學家李學勤考證(zheng)認為,該(gai)戈是(shi)魏軍(jun)的兵(bing)(bing)器,年代也能(neng)與(yu)馬(ma)陵(ling)之(zhi)戰(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)吻合。