乘龍快婿(xu)(chéng lóng kuài xù),是漢(han)語(yu)中的一則成語(yu),出自西漢(han)·劉向《列仙傳》卷(juan)上。
這則成(cheng)語意思是稱(cheng)意的(de)女(nv)婿好(hao)比(bi)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)于龍上得道成(cheng)仙(xian);舊時(shi)指才(cai)貌(mao)雙(shuang)全(quan)的(de)女(nv)婿,現(xian)也用作(zuo)譽(yu)稱(cheng)別人的(de)女(nv)婿。其結構為(wei)偏正(zheng)式(shi),在句子中可(ke)充當主語、賓語,含褒義。
西(xi)漢(han)·劉向《列仙傳》卷上:“蕭史者(zhe),秦(qin)穆公(gong)時人也,善吹(chui)簫,能(neng)致孔雀白鶴于庭。穆公(gong)有女(nv)(nv)字弄玉(yu),好之。公(gong)遂(sui)以女(nv)(nv)妻焉。日(ri)教弄玉(yu)作鳳鳴。居數年,吹(chui)似(si)鳳聲(sheng)(sheng),鳳凰來止其(qi)屋(wu)。公(gong)為作鳳臺,夫婦止其(qi)上不下數年,一日(ri),皆(jie)隨鳳凰飛去(qu)。故(gu)秦(qin)人為作鳳女(nv)(nv)祠于雍宮(gong)中(zhong),時有簫聲(sheng)(sheng)而已(yi)。”
后人從這個典故(gu)中(zhong)提煉(lian)出成語“乘龍快婿”。
相傳春秋(qiu)時代(dai)(公元(yuan)前770年—公元(yuan)前476年),秦(qin)穆公的小女兒非常(chang)喜歡西戎(rong)國貢(gong)獻的一塊碧玉,穆公便給女兒起名為“弄玉”。
弄玉公(gong)主長到十(shi)幾歲,姿容無雙,聰穎(ying)絕倫,但性(xing)情孤僻,尤(you)其厭惡宮里(li)繁瑣(suo)的禮儀(yi)。她經常一個人待在深宮里(li),吹(chui)笛(di)吹(chui)笙。穆(mu)公(gong)見她這么(me)喜歡笙,便命名(ming)匠(jiang)把那塊美玉雕(diao)成(cheng)碧玉笙送給她。公(gong)主自從(cong)得了(le)碧玉笙,練習吹(chui)笙的時(shi)間更長了(le),技藝也更加精湛了(le)。
有(you)一天夜里,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)月光(guang)下賞(shang)月,倚(yi)著欄桿吹(chui)(chui)起(qi)笙(sheng)來(lai)。這(zhe)時似是有(you)一陣裊(niao)裊(niao)的(de)仙(xian)(xian)樂,在(zai)和著公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)玉笙(sheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)仔細聽,是從東方遠遠傳來(lai)的(de)洞(dong)簫(xiao)聲,一連幾夜,都是如此。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)趁閑談的(de)機會,把有(you)人在(zai)遠處為她伴奏的(de)事(shi)情告訴(su)了父(fu)親。穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)便派(pai)大將孟(meng)(meng)明(ming)(ming)視(shi)根據公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)所說的(de)方向去尋訪吹(chui)(chui)簫(xiao)的(de)人。一直尋到華(hua)山(shan),才聽見(jian)樵(qiao)夫們(men)說:“有(you)個青年隱士,名叫蕭(xiao)(xiao)史,在(zai)華(hua)山(shan)中峰明(ming)(ming)星崖隱居。這(zhe)位(wei)青年人喜歡(huan)吹(chui)(chui)簫(xiao),簫(xiao)聲可以傳出幾百里。”孟(meng)(meng)明(ming)(ming)視(shi)來(lai)到明(ming)(ming)星崖,找到了蕭(xiao)(xiao)史,把他(ta)帶回(hui)秦宮。蕭(xiao)(xiao)史來(lai)到秦宮,正(zheng)好是中秋節。穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)見(jian)他(ta)舉止瀟灑,風度翩翩,心里十分(fen)高興,馬(ma)上請(qing)他(ta)吹(chui)(chui)簫(xiao)。蕭(xiao)(xiao)史取出玉簫(xiao),吹(chui)(chui)了起(qi)來(lai)。一曲還不(bu)曾吹(chui)(chui)完(wan),殿(dian)上的(de)金龍、彩(cai)鳳都好像在(zai)翩翩起(qi)舞。大家(jia)不(bu)約而同地齊聲贊道(dao):“真是仙(xian)(xian)樂!真是仙(xian)(xian)樂!”
蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)和弄(nong)玉(yu)(yu)結成夫妻。從(cong)此,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)教弄(nong)玉(yu)(yu)吹(chui)簫(xiao)學鳳(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳴叫聲。學了十幾年(nian),弄(nong)玉(yu)(yu)吹(chui)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)簫(xiao)聲就(jiu)和真的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)叫聲一樣(yang),甚至把(ba)天上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)也引下來了,停在他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)屋子上(shang)(shang)。秦穆公(gong)專門為他們建(jian)造(zao)了一座鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)臺。蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)、弄(nong)玉(yu)(yu)就(jiu)住在那里,不飲不食,不下數(shu)年(nian)。一天晚上(shang)(shang),奏完(wan)笙簫(xiao)之(zhi)后,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)對公(gong)主(zhu)說:“我(wo)很懷念華山(shan)(shan)幽(you)靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活。”公(gong)主(zhu)也說:“這(zhe)宮廷生涯(ya),我(wo)壓根(gen)兒(er)就(jiu)厭煩,我(wo)愿(yuan)意與你去(qu)同享山(shan)(shan)野(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清靜。”從(cong)此二(er)人便(bian)隱居(ju)在華山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中峰之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。有一天,弄(nong)玉(yu)(yu)帶(dai)著玉(yu)(yu)笙乘上(shang)(shang)彩鳳(feng)(feng),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)上(shang)(shang)玉(yu)(yu)簫(xiao)跨(kua)上(shang)(shang)金龍(long),一時(shi)間龍(long)鳳(feng)(feng)雙飛,雙雙升空(kong)而去(qu)。當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人們便(bian)把(ba)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)稱為乘龍(long)快(kuai)婿。
“乘龍快婿”這則典故表明,弄玉公主(zhu)和蕭史是自(zi)由(you)戀(lian)愛的。古代的婚姻(yin)一般是父母之命,媒妁(shuo)之言,并無自(zi)由(you)戀(lian)愛之說(shuo)。到了適婚年齡(ling),男(nan)婚女嫁(jia),一切都由(you)不得(de)自(zi)己(ji)。而弄玉公主(zhu)得(de)到“乘龍快婿”蕭史,說(shuo)明她是中(zhong)國(guo)第一位敢(gan)于追求自(zi)己(ji)愛情(qing)婚姻(yin)而且成功的奇女子。這則故事也(ye)反映了古代青年男(nan)女對(dui)自(zi)由(you)愛情(qing)的向往。
“乘龍快婿(xu)”用(yong)(yong)以比喻好女婿(xu),也(ye)用(yong)(yong)于稱贊(zan)別人的女婿(xu),含褒義。這則成語(yu)在句子中可(ke)充當(dang)主語(yu)、賓語(yu)。
明·湯顯祖《紫釵記》第(di)一〇出:“待做(zuo)這乘龍快(kuai)婿,騏驥才(cai)郎(lang),少的駟馬高(gao)車。”