任人唯賢(rèn rén wéi xián)是一(yi)個成語,最早出(chu)自于戰國《尚書·咸(xian)有一(yi)德》。
任(ren)人唯(wei)賢指(zhi)任(ren)用(yong)官員只以德才優(you)秀作為(wei)標準,含褒義;在句(ju)中一般作謂語、定語、賓語、分句(ju)。
戰國《尚(shang)書·咸有(you)一德(de)》:“任官惟(wei)賢才,左右惟(wei)其(qi)人。”
后世據(ju)此典故引(yin)申(shen)出成語(yu)“任人唯賢”。
春秋(qiu)時期,齊國(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)君襄(xiang)公(gong)殘暴荒唐,連(lian)他的(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)兄弟都逃到別國(guo)去了。這兩(liang)個(ge)兄弟是兩(liang)個(ge)母親(qin)生的(de)(de)。一個(ge)叫公(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾,逃到了魯國(guo)。一個(ge)叫公(gong)子(zi)(zi)小白,逃到了莒國(guo)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾的(de)(de)師(shi)傅是管(guan)仲,公(gong)子(zi)(zi)小白的(de)(de)師(shi)傅是鮑叔牙(ya)。
后來,齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)被人殺死(si)了。第二年(nian)春(chun)天,齊(qi)國(guo)的大臣(chen)派(pai)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)迎接公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾回(hui)去(qu)做國(guo)君(jun)。魯(lu)國(guo)的國(guo)君(jun)魯(lu)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)親自派(pai)兵(bing)護(hu)送(song)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾的師傅管仲(zhong)怕逃亡在(zai)莒國(guo)的公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)因(yin)為(wei)離齊(qi)國(guo)近搶先回(hui)國(guo)奪到君(jun)位,所以(yi)經莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)同意,先帶領一支人馬去(qu)攔住公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)。走(zou)到即墨(mo),聽人說(shuo)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)已經跑在(zai)頭里(li)(li)了。管仲(zhong)使(shi)(shi)勁地(di)追,追了三十(shi)多里(li)(li)路才追上(shang)。管仲(zhong)瞧見公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)坐在(zai)車里(li)(li),也不(bu)多說(shuo),偷偷地(di)拿起(qi)弓箭,對準了公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai),“嗖(sou)”的一箭射過去(qu)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)大叫(jiao)一聲,口吐鮮血,倒在(zai)車子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)里(li)(li)。管仲(zhong)一看,以(yi)為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)死(si)了,他想(xiang)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾的君(jun)位必定(ding)穩坐了,便(bian)不(bu)慌(huang)不(bu)忙地(di)回(hui)魯(lu)國(guo)去(qu)護(hu)送(song)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾到齊(qi)國(guo)去(qu)。
誰知道公子小(xiao)(xiao)白并(bing)沒(mei)有死,只是咬破舌頭,弄(nong)得滿口鮮血(xue)裝死罷了(le)。鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)護著(zhu)小(xiao)(xiao)白抄(chao)小(xiao)(xiao)道趕到都城臨淄。鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)硬是說(shuo)服了(le)大臣(chen)們(men),立公子小(xiao)(xiao)白為(wei)國君,也就是齊桓公。
不久,魯(lu)國(guo)的兵馬送公(gong)(gong)子糾(jiu)回到(dao)(dao)了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)地界。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)立即請齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)發兵抵抗,于是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)魯(lu)之間(jian)發生戰爭。魯(lu)軍大敗,只(zhi)得答(da)應(ying)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的條件,將(jiang)公(gong)(gong)子糾(jiu)逼死,又把(ba)管仲抓起來。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的使者表示,管仲射過他們(men)的國(guo)君,國(guo)君要報(bao)一箭之仇,非(fei)親手殺了他不可,所以一定要將(jiang)他押到(dao)(dao)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)去。魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)只(zhi)好(hao)把(ba)管仲裝上囚(qiu)車,押回齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)。
管仲被捆綁著,從魯國(guo)押(ya)往齊國(guo)。一路上(shang),他(ta)(ta)(ta)又(you)饑又(you)渴,吃了許多苦頭。來到綺烏這個地(di)方(fang)時,他(ta)(ta)(ta)去見(jian)那里守衛邊界的(de)(de)官員,請(qing)求(qiu)給點飯吃。不料,那守邊界的(de)(de)官員竟跪在地(di)上(shang),端飯給管仲吃,神情十分恭敬。等管仲吃好飯,他(ta)(ta)(ta)私下間道(dao):“如果您到齊國(guo)后(hou),僥幸沒(mei)有被殺而(er)得到任用,您將怎樣(yang)報(bao)答(da)我(wo)(wo)?”管仲回答(da)道(dao):“要是照你(ni)所說的(de)(de)那樣(yang),我(wo)(wo)得到任用,我(wo)(wo)將要任用賢人(ren),使(shi)用能人(ren),評賞有功的(de)(de)人(ren),我(wo)(wo)能拿什么報(bao)答(da)您呢(ni)?”
等到(dao)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)一回到(dao)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo),鮑叔(shu)牙就親自到(dao)城外(wai)迎接(jie)。接(jie)著,鮑叔(shu)牙大力(li)把管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)保舉(ju)給齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說:“他(ta)(ta)(ta)拿箭射我(wo),要我(wo)的(de)(de)命,你還叫我(wo)用(yong)他(ta)(ta)(ta)嗎(ma)?”鮑叔(shu)牙說:“那(nei)會兒他(ta)(ta)(ta)是公(gong)(gong)(gong)子糾的(de)(de)師傅,管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)自然冒死幫著公(gong)(gong)(gong)子糾了。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)本領比我(wo)強(qiang)十倍。主公(gong)(gong)(gong)要是用(yong)他(ta)(ta)(ta),他(ta)(ta)(ta)準能給您(nin)立大功。”齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)聽了鮑叔(shu)牙的(de)(de)話,立即拜管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)為相國(guo)(guo)(guo)。鮑叔(shu)牙反倒做了管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)副手。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)當相國(guo)(guo)(guo)以后(hou),發揮他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)政治(zhi)才能,大力(li)實行(xing)改革,使齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)力(li)迅速增強(qiang)。七年(nian)后(hou),齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)就稱霸四方,不久,齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)就成了春秋第一霸。
無論是創業還是守業,都離(li)不(bu)開人(ren)才。雖說(shuo)匯聚人(ren)才需要海納百(bai)川(chuan)的精神(shen),但水(shui)多容易(yi)泛濫,人(ren)才競爭過(guo)于(yu)激烈,容易(yi)出(chu)現魚(yu)目混珠、良莠(you)不(bu)齊的情況。因此(ci),執政者(zhe)必須(xu)善于(yu)發現人(ren)才,舉薦人(ren)才,團結人(ren)才,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)才,才能推動事業不(bu)斷(duan)向前發展。而最重要的用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)原(yuan)則(ze),那(nei)就(jiu)是任人(ren)唯賢。要求執政者(zhe)在選拔人(ren)才時,不(bu)要考慮人(ren)才的身份(fen)、背(bei)景以及與自己的關(guan)系,敢用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)缺點的人(ren)才,并能做到(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)不(bu)疑,疑人(ren)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。正因為(wei)有(you)這樣(yang)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)原(yuan)則(ze),西漢劉敬、三(san)國諸葛亮等賢能之(zhi)士才能夠(gou)“朝為(wei)田舍郎,暮(mu)登天子堂”。
“任(ren)人(ren)唯賢(xian)”指任(ren)用官(guan)員只以德才優秀作為標準。
含褒義;在句(ju)中一般作(zuo)謂語、定語、賓語、分句(ju)。
毛澤東《中國共產黨在民族戰爭中的(de)地(di)位》:“有獨(du)立的(de)工作能力,積極肯(ken)干,不(bu)謀私利為標準,這就是(shi)任人唯(wei)賢的(de)路線。”
作家·凌力《星(xing)星(xing)草》:“文狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)、武(wu)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)、農(nong)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)、工狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)、醫狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan),都要選,以才取人,任人唯賢。那時天國人才濟(ji)濟(ji),英杰(jie)歸真,咱們可(ke)就(jiu)更(geng)該(gai)興旺羅(luo)!”
任人唯賢—知人善用
“任人(ren)唯(wei)賢”和“知人(ren)善(shan)任”兩者都含有“善(shan)于使用(yong)人(ren)”的意思(si)。但“任人(ren)唯(wei)賢”是指一種用(yong)人(ren)原則或態度(du),“知人(ren)善(shan)任”則多(duo)指方(fang)法或技巧。