在世界眾多(duo)怪雨中,要數魚(yu)(yu)雨為數最多(duo)。魚(yu)(yu)雨在英國、美國和澳大利亞屢見不鮮,尤其(qi)是澳大利亞,魚(yu)(yu)雨經常出現,以至(zhi)報(bao)紙已(yi)不愿再(zai)刊登(deng)這(zhe)類(lei)令人乏(fa)味的消息(xi)。
魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)一直發生在(zai)(zai)拉(la)丁美洲,成為很(hen)多國(guo)家的(de)民(min)間傳說。據說在(zai)(zai)魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)到來之(zhi)前,天(tian)上烏云滾滾,大風呼(hu)嘯,強風暴雨(yu)大約持續(xu)2到3小時之(zhi)后,數百條活(huo)魚(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)地(di)面上。人們把這(zhe)些地(di)上的(de)新鮮活(huo)魚(yu)(yu)拿回家烹飪,看似多可笑的(de)事(shi)情啊,可是它卻真實(shi)存在(zai)(zai)著。自從1998年的(de)一場魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)后,洪都(dou)拉(la)斯國(guo)家的(de)Yoro城市在(zai)(zai)每(mei)年都(dou)會(hui)過這(zhe)個“魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)”節。
從(cong)加(jia)利福尼亞(ya)到英國再(zai)到印度(du),也不(bu)斷有關(guan)多(duo)魚形(xing)式(shi)的降雨的報道:一些小動物,例如(ru)魚、青蛙和(he)蛇偶爾(er)會出(chu)人意料(liao)地(di)(di)從(cong)空中落下,有時(shi)候是在(zai)離水(shui)(shui)(shui)域數英里遠的地(di)(di)方。這是因為在(zai)湖泊(bo)或海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)上方急速旋(xuan)轉的海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷可(ke)能(neng)會把水(shui)(shui)(shui)以及(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)里的一切東西帶進云層(ceng)中,然后通(tong)過強(qiang)(qiang)風(feng)攜(xie)帶、可(ke)能(neng)遠途“旅行(xing)”降落到其他地(di)(di)方,形(xing)成規模(mo)(mo)不(bu)等、形(xing)式(shi)各異的“雨”。龍(long)卷風(feng)根據它發生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)陸(lu)地(di)(di)還是海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上,可(ke)分為陸(lu)龍(long)卷和(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷的直(zhi)徑一般比陸(lu)龍(long)卷略小,其強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)較(jiao)大(da),維持時(shi)間較(jiao)長,在(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上往往是集群出(chu)現。在(zai)大(da)洋(yang)上易(yi)發生(sheng)(sheng)臺風(feng)或颶風(feng)的海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區,也容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)(sheng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷,值得注意的是當出(chu)現厄(e)爾(er)尼諾現象時(shi),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷發生(sheng)(sheng)的次數就(jiu)會增多(duo),顯而易(yi)見(jian),厄(e)爾(er)尼諾現象的出(chu)現,反映著太平洋(yang)東部赤(chi)道海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區附近及(ji)其以南海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域的大(da)規模(mo)(mo)增溫現象。
從(cong)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)群(qun)(qun)發生成(cheng)(cheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),可以把其(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)長階(jie)段(duan)。在(zai)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)群(qun)(qun)中最成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)推(tui)“母(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)”,依次是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)族、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)漏斗(dou)、吸(xi)管(guan)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家族。其(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)互關系是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):母(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由多(duo)個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用范(fan)圍(wei)在(zai)10-20公(gong)里(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)威力(li)屬海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)之首;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由各個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),作(zuo)(zuo)用尺(chi)度在(zai)3-10公(gong)里(li)(li);龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)也(ye)稱小龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由多(duo)個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)漏斗(dou)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),作(zuo)(zuo)用在(zai)1-3公(gong)里(li)(li)范(fan)圍(wei)內;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)漏斗(dou)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通常(chang)所(suo)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏斗(dou)云(yun)(yun),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度約為300米,一(yi)根漏斗(dou)云(yun)(yun)里(li)(li),有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)甚至三個(ge)以上吸(xi)管(guan)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),所(suo)以也(ye)稱母(mu)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan);吸(xi)管(guan)渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)群(qun)(qun)中最年輕(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)超(chao)過30米,但其(qi)(qi)(qi)破壞力(li)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)時比臺(tai)風威力(li)還大(da),主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它那渦旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)軸范(fan)圍(wei)小氣(qi)壓梯(ti)度特別大(da),壓力(li)差可達20百帕以上,為臺(tai)風內部平均氣(qi)壓差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)百倍甚至上千倍,因此其(qi)(qi)(qi)內部風速極大(da),多(duo)在(zai)每(mei)秒100米以上,要(yao)比臺(tai)風大(da)幾(ji)倍,所(suo)經之處(chu)常(chang)能(neng)造成(cheng)(cheng)極嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)害,海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)能(neng)把海(hai)上船只和水以及水里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切東西(xi)帶(dai)進(jin)云(yun)(yun)層中,這(zhe)些暴風云(yun)(yun)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強風則攜帶(dai)著卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)進(jin)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)長途穿(chuan)行,然后一(yi)股腦兒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將它們傾(qing)倒在(zai)毫無準備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人或(huo)建筑物之上。魚從(cong)天而降,這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“魚雨”形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因。
除了魚(yu)雨(yu)外,據(ju)有(you)(you)關資料記載,1881年英(ying)國(guo)伍斯(si)特城下過(guo)一(yi)場螃蟹雨(yu)和(he)蝸牛雨(yu)。1979年在維(wei)多利(li)亞城附近的卡里(li)希地區,下過(guo)蝦(xia)雨(yu)和(he)淡水魚(yu)雨(yu)。19世紀初,在丹麥下的一(yi)場蝦(xia)雨(yu),足足有(you)(you)20分鐘(zhong)時間(jian),1933年,前蘇聯(lian)遠東科瓦利(li)托活下了一(yi)場罕見的海蜇雨(yu)。
據澳大(da)(da)利(li)亞(ya)媒體(ti)2010年(nian)3月2日(ri)報道,天(tian)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)雨(yu)不是(shi)新聞(wen),但(dan)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)“下(xia)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)”大(da)(da)概是(shi)許(xu)多人聞(wen)所未(wei)聞(wen)的(de)(de)奇聞(wen)。澳大(da)(da)利(li)亞(ya)北部(bu)地區的(de)(de)拉加馬奴鎮日(ri)前竟連(lian)續下(xia)了(le)2天(tian)“魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)”,成千上(shang)(shang)萬(wan)條小(xiao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)竟從(cong)天(tian)而(er)降,而(er)這些魚(yu)(yu)(yu)落到地面時(shi)居然仍是(shi)活著(zhu)的(de)(de)!專家推測(ce),這些小(xiao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)很可能是(shi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)場龍卷(juan)風中(zhong),隨(sui)著(zhu)河水一(yi)起被狂風卷(juan)入到數萬(wan)英(ying)尺空(kong)中(zhong),繼(ji)而(er)隨(sui)風在(zai)(zai)空(kong)中(zhong)“飛行”了(le)數百公里(li),最終(zhong)在(zai)(zai)拉加馬奴鎮上(shang)(shang)空(kong)落下(xia),從(cong)而(er)形(xing)成了(le)天(tian)降“魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)”的(de)(de)奇觀。
魚雨(yu)在拉丁美洲,成為很(hen)多(duo)國家(jia)的民間(jian)傳說(shuo)。據(ju)說(shuo)在魚雨(yu)到來之前,天上烏云(yun)滾滾,大風呼嘯,強風暴雨(yu)大約持(chi)續2到3小時之后,數百條活(huo)(huo)魚在地面上。人們(men)把這些地上的新(xin)鮮活(huo)(huo)魚拿回家(jia)烹飪,看似(si)多(duo)可(ke)笑的事情啊,可(ke)是它卻真實存(cun)在著。自從1998年(nian)的一(yi)場魚雨(yu)后,洪都(dou)拉斯國家(jia)的Yoro城(cheng)市在每年(nian)都(dou)會過這個“魚雨(yu)”節。
瀕臨加(jia)勒(le)比海(hai)的(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉(la)(la)斯(si)人(ren)很(hen)喜(xi)歡(huan)吃魚(yu)(yu)。有(you)趣(qu)的(de)(de)(de)是在每年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)5月至7月間(jian),洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉(la)(la)斯(si)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些地區都(dou)(dou)會下魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。這種現(xian)象已(yi)經(jing)有(you)些年(nian)(nian)頭了,如今更被寫(xie)進許多民(min)俗故事中。記(ji)(ji)者沒有(you)親眼見(jian)過(guo)天上掉魚(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)奇觀。據說魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)來臨之(zhi)前,天上烏云滾滾,大風呼嘯,強(qiang)風暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)大約持續兩(liang)三(san)個小(xiao)時之(zhi)后,數百條活魚(yu)(yu),便落在地上。從1989年(nian)(nian)開始,洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉(la)(la)斯(si)人(ren)每年(nian)(nian)都(dou)(dou)慶祝(zhu)魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)節。2006年(nian)(nian),洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉(la)(la)斯(si)電視臺曾報(bao)道過(guo)魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)出現(xian)過(guo)兩(liang)次。記(ji)(ji)者曾打聽過(guo)魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)成因,不過(guo)得到的(de)(de)(de)回答(da)都(dou)(dou)是“民(min)間(jian)傳說”版(ban):1856年(nian)(nian),一(yi)個叫蘇比讓(rang)拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)西班牙(ya)神(shen)父來到洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉(la)(la)斯(si)。為了幫助窮(qiong)人(ren),他連續三(san)天祈禱(dao),請(qing)神(shen)賜(si)予食物。自那時起(qi)就開始下魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)了。其實魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)在世(shi)界其它地方也出現(xian)過(guo),大多時候和龍卷風等(deng)天氣現(xian)象有(you)關。不過(guo)像洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉(la)(la)斯(si)這樣集中,還(huan)真是罕見(jian)。
1949年(nian)8月,在新西蘭沿(yan)岸地區下(xia)了(le)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)雨,成千上(shang)萬尾魚(yu)(yu)撒(sa)滿(man)一(yi)地,有鱈(xue)魚(yu)(yu)、銀(yin)槍魚(yu)(yu)、黑(hei)魚(yu)(yu)等等,無奇不有。雨過天晴,人們(men)紛紛拾魚(yu)(yu),大(da)(da)飽(bao)了(le)口福。1949年(nian)10月23日上(shang)午,美(mei)國(guo)路易(yi)斯安那(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)州(zhou)馬克(ke)斯維下(xia)了(le)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)雨,生物學(xue)家巴(ba)(ba)伊(yi)科夫親(qin)(qin)自收集了(le)一(yi)大(da)(da)瓶制(zhi)作標(biao)本。美(mei)國(guo)圣迭戈下(xia)了(le)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)雨,有沙丁魚(yu)(yu)和鱈(xue)魚(yu)(yu),居民十分(fen)驚奇。1974年(nian)2月,澳大(da)(da)利(li)亞的一(yi)個(ge)村子里,降下(xia)了(le)150多條河鱸(lu)似的銀(yin)漢(han)魚(yu)(yu)。1975年(nian),英(ying)國(guo)電臺記者羅(luo)納·薩班斯爾(er)講述了(le)他親(qin)(qin)身(shen)經歷的那(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)次(ci)魚(yu)(yu)雨趣事:那(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)是第二次(ci)世(shi)界大(da)(da)戰期間,羅(luo)納在駐緬甸的英(ying)軍中服役,部隊(dui)來到緬甸巴(ba)(ba)基斯坦相(xiang)連的庫米拉城(cheng)。這里淡水奇缺,每(mei)人每(mei)天只能喝上(shang)幾口水。一(yi)天,天上(shang)烏云(yun)滾(gun)滾(gun),大(da)(da)風(feng)呼嘯,眼見一(yi)場(chang)暴(bao)雨即將(jiang)來臨。羅(luo)納立刻脫去衣服,身(shen)上(shang)涂上(shang)肥皂,站(zhan)在空地上(shang)想痛(tong)快地洗個(ge)澡。雨下(xia)來了(le),可那(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)不是雨水,而(er)是一(yi)條條沙丁魚(yu)(yu),打得他身(shen)上(shang)很(hen)痛(tong)很(hen)痛(tong),不一(yi)會羅(luo)納已(yi)被埋在幾萬條沙丁魚(yu)(yu)堆中,他掙扎(zha)了(le)很(hen)久,才(cai)從魚(yu)(yu)堆中爬出逃(tao)回房間。