簡介
貴州省仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)國家森林公(gong)(gong)園位于珠江上游(you)貴州省黔西南(nan)(nan)州安龍縣境(jing)(jing)內,地(di)(di)處云(yun)貴高原東南(nan)(nan)邊(bian)緣的斜坡(po)地(di)(di)帶,公(gong)(gong)園總規劃面(mian)積9065公(gong)(gong)頃,由仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、篤山(shan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、平樂景(jing)(jing)區(qu)和(he)(he)坡(po)腳景(jing)(jing)區(qu)四(si)個景(jing)(jing)區(qu)所組成。公(gong)(gong)園的自然(ran)地(di)(di)理環(huan)境(jing)(jing)獨特(te),喀斯(si)特(te)地(di)(di)貌、森林、水文、生(sheng)物、天象獨具特(te)色(se),風土人情古樸深厚,氣候涼爽(shuang)宜人,是黔西南(nan)(nan)和(he)(he)滇黔桂交界地(di)(di)區(qu)特(te)色(se)鮮明(ming)的生(sheng)態旅(lv)游(you)及避暑勝地(di)(di)。
興隆鎮(zhen)的(de)仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一帶(dai)(dai)是(shi)黔西南(nan)州常綠(lv)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)保存最好的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),森林(lin)面積約666公(gong)頃,山(shan)(shan)(shan)體最低海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)800多(duo)米,最高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)1756米,垂(chui)直高(gao)差(cha)900多(duo)米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)體上(shang)(shang)溝谷縱(zong)橫,有(you)(you)九(jiu)十(shi)九(jiu)道溝之說(shuo),從低海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)到高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系組成(cheng)在不斷的(de)變化,低海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)棕櫚科的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)焦,中(zhong)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)短梗四(si)照花、宜(yi)昌潤(run)楠、青(qing)岡、穗(sui)序鵝掌柴等(deng),高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)石(shi)果(guo)紅(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)茶(cha)、大(da)(da)廠茶(cha)、美味獼猴(hou)桃、水青(qing)岡、狹(xia)葉(xie)(xie)方(fang)竹(zhu)(zhu)、皺葉(xie)(xie)玉山(shan)(shan)(shan)竹(zhu)(zhu)、木(mu)蓮、含笑(xiao)、野(ye)(ye)草莓(mei)、馬尾樹等(deng)。仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被重重疊疊,四(si)季有(you)(you)花開,四(si)季有(you)(you)果(guo)熟(shu),是(shi)竹(zhu)(zhu)節人參的(de)故鄉,是(shi)黃(huang)柏的(de)野(ye)(ye)生產地(di)(di)(di),是(shi)多(duo)種(zhong)野(ye)(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)棲息的(de)場所。仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)木(mu)種(zhong)類豐(feng)富(fu),有(you)(you)1000多(duo)畝的(de)石(shi)果(guo)紅(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)茶(cha)林(lin),有(you)(you)4000多(duo)畝的(de)方(fang)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin),林(lin)中(zhong)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類極為(wei)豐(feng)富(fu)。仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)在90%以上(shang)(shang),春來(lai)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)復蘇,夏來(lai)百花爭妍,秋來(lai)碩果(guo)累(lei)累(lei),冬來(lai)茶(cha)花紅(hong)遍。
北(bei)部(bu)區的(de)(de)(de)篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、錢相鄉(xiang)(xiang)主要森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)為喀(ka)斯特森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),擁有(you)常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、常綠落葉(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)類(lei)型有(you)小葉(xie)(xie)枇杷林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)懸竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、翠(cui)柏林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、貴(gui)州山(shan)(shan)(shan)核桃林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、重(zhong)陽木(mu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、櫟類(lei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、青岡林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)等(deng)。篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)懸竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分布于篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)王(wang)院(yuan)(yuan)村一(yi)帶(dai),波浪起伏,猶如無數條綠色巨龍在舞,植(zhi)被外貌景觀(guan)較為獨特。王(wang)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)翠(cui)柏挺拔(ba)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂地(di)(di)帶(dai),熬霜斗雪,四(si)季蔥綠。打凼的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)陽木(mu)(水(shui)冬瓜)古(gu)樹(shu)群映襯于山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)之間(jian),將自然文(wen)化和(he)民族文(wen)化融合在一(yi)起,多株古(gu)木(mu)沿村中的(de)(de)(de)步道和(he)水(shui)邊(bian)生長(chang),平均(jun)樹(shu)高17m,平均(jun)胸圍280cm,平均(jun)冠幅(fu)20m,平均(jun)樹(shu)齡(ling)約400年。其(qi)中最大的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)株古(gu)重(zhong)陽木(mu)樹(shu)高18m,胸圍377cm,冠幅(fu)東西長(chang)24m,南北(bei)寬(kuan)26m,樹(shu)上長(chang)滿了苔蘚、蕨類(lei)和(he)衛矛科藤本(ben)植(zhi)物。篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大石板的(de)(de)(de)小葉(xie)(xie)枇杷,模式標本(ben)產地(di)(di)鎮寧黃果樹(shu)已較難見到,而篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區每年都(dou)開花結實,繁衍正常。
仙鶴坪國家森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)是一個喀斯特自(zi)然(ran)博(bo)物館及侵(qin)蝕(shi)地貌(mao)的(de)特殊地帶,是兩種(zhong)(zhong)地貌(mao)的(de)結合體,兩種(zhong)(zhong)地貌(mao)均非(fei)常具有特色。仙鶴坪公(gong)園(yuan)內的(de)峰林從興隆鎮(zhen)的(de)下(xia)扎(zha)村(cun)、冗華村(cun)到平樂鄉(xiang)、篤山鄉(xiang)、錢相鄉(xiang)、新安(an)鎮(zhen)連成(cheng)一片,登(deng)高而望(wang),一望(wang)無際,群峰如海,蔚為壯觀,風(feng)景如畫。濃郁的(de)布依族風(feng)情迎接著各地的(de)游(you)客。
仙鶴坪的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)資源豐富(fu)。據不完全統計,園區(qu)內的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)在2000種(zhong)以(yi)上,有藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)、菌類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)、地(di)衣植(zhi)物(wu)、苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)、蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)和種(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)等。木本(ben)植(zhi)物(wu)約800余種(zhong),其中(zhong)喬木有450種(zhong)以(yi)上。
公園地理
公(gong)(gong)園的(de)地理坐(zuo)標為北緯24°55′00″~25°20′25″,東(dong)(dong)經(jing)105°23′11″~105°40′00″。公(gong)(gong)園的(de)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)以(yi)安(an)龍(long)(long)和(he)冊亨縣的(de)縣界(jie)(jie)為界(jie)(jie),南(nan)部(bu)以(yi)安(an)龍(long)(long)和(he)冊亨縣的(de)縣界(jie)(jie)及(ji)南(nan)盤(pan)江(jiang)為界(jie)(jie),西(xi)部(bu)接(jie)(jie)安(an)龍(long)(long)縣德臥(wo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、木(mu)咱鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、324國(guo)道坡(po)腳至安(an)龍(long)(long)段、新安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)(箐山(shan)村、銅鼓井村除外(wai))、錢相(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)(打凼村除外(wai)),北部(bu)接(jie)(jie)龍(long)(long)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)級(ji)貞豐縣縣界(jie)(jie)。公(gong)(gong)園總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為9065公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),含坡(po)腳景區、仙(xian)鶴(he)坪景區、平(ping)樂景區和(he)篤山(shan)景區,四個景區連成(cheng)一片。公(gong)(gong)園行政區域涉及(ji)安(an)龍(long)(long)縣興(xing)隆鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、平(ping)樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、篤山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、坡(po)腳鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、錢相(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)新安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。 公(gong)(gong)園內森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率 70% 原(yuan)始林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 570.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)次生(sheng)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 5775公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing) 人工林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 33公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)公(gong)(gong)園內林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 6345.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing) 國(guo)有林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 47公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)集體林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 6028.23公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing) 其它林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 270.27公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)
公(gong)園氣候(hou)屬中亞熱(re)帶季風氣候(hou)區,年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)15℃~19.3℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)22.3℃~26℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)6.4℃~10.1℃,常(chang)年(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)35℃~39℃,常(chang)年(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-1℃~-7℃,極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)41℃,極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-12℃。年(nian)日照時數1359~1607.4小時,光能輻射量98.85千卡/平方厘(li)(li)米(mi)~106.53千卡/平方厘(li)(li)米(mi),日照百分率31%~36%。年(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5694℃~7044.5℃,≥0℃的有348~365天;≥10℃有247~297天,積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4639.2℃~6281.9℃;≥20℃的有88~146天,積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1888.4℃~3592.3℃;無霜期277~320天。
公園區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1126.9mm~1289.8mm,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)分(fen)配不(bu)均(jun),5~8月(yue)份(fen)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)777.9~809.9mm,占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)量(liang)65.27%~71%。夏半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的83.2~83.3%,冬半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)16.7%~16.8%。一年(nian)(nian)(nian)中降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)冬季(ji)最(zui)少,占(zhan)(zhan)5%,春季(ji)較少,占(zhan)(zhan)23.4%,夏季(ji)最(zui)多,占(zhan)(zhan)51.8%,秋(qiu)季(ji)比春季(ji)為少,占(zhan)(zhan)19.6%。空氣相對濕度(du)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)為81%,7~8月(yue)份(fen)為84%,3~4月(yue)份(fen)低于75%,酸性土地(di)區(qu)的空氣濕度(du)大(da)于鈣質土地(di)區(qu),如仙鶴坪(ping)大(da)山(shan)的空氣濕度(du)較高。公園區(qu)的干燥(zao)度(du)為1.27度(du)至1.45度(du)。
公園區較少(shao)降雪(xue),往往幾年一次(ci),積雪(xue)厚度可達10~15cm,降雪(xue)時間為冬(dong)季,近年來(lai)降雪(xue)頻率有(you)(you)增高的趨(qu)勢。公園內主要自然災(zai)害有(you)(you):干旱(han)、冰雹、暴雨洪(hong)澇、低(di)溫霜凍、倒春寒(han)、秋寒(han)、滑坡(po)等(deng)。
公園(yuan)區氣候中(zhong)仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大山一(yi)帶多(duo)霧、多(duo)陰雨,喀斯特地區“冬(dong)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏(xia)無(wu)酷暑,四季(ji)如春,一(yi)雨成(cheng)冬(dong)“的特點較為突出,公園(yuan)中(zhong)的仙(xian)鶴(he)坪林區是夏(xia)季(ji)避暑的好去處。
公園信息
公園名稱: 仙(xian)鶴坪國家森林公園
所在省市: 貴州安龍縣
公園海拔(ba): 1000-3000米(mi)
公園面積: 9065公頃
景 區 數: 4
景 點 數(shu): 60