芒果视频下载

基本介紹

紅鋸蛺蝶(Cethosia bibles Drury)為鱗翅目(Lep-idopterd)、蛺蝶科(Nymphalidae)昆蟲，國(guo)(guo)內分布于江(jiang)西、福建、廣東、廣西、海南、四川、云(yun)南，幼蟲寄(ji)主植物為西番蓮(Passifloraceae)。中國(guo)(guo)有3個亞種。紅鋸蛺蝶因體態優美、色彩艷麗，具有較高的觀(guan)賞價(jia)值，在觀(guan)光蝴(hu)蝶園和蝴(hu)蝶工藝品中大量使用(yong)。

生長與分布

分布范圍

國內分布于江(jiang)西、福建、廣東、海南、廣西、四川、云南。

國外(wai)分布于緬甸、泰國、馬來西亞、尼泊爾(er)、錫金、不丹(dan)、印(yin)度(du)。

生活史

在西(xi)雙版納該蝶(die)1年7代(dai)(dai)，以第7代(dai)(dai)3齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲越冬，越冬時間從每(mei)年的(de)(de)12月起(qi)至次年2月中旬止。其余各(ge)代(dai)(dai)歷期(qi)(qi)35—40d，室(shi)內21—28℃下(xia)，卵期(qi)(qi)8-11d，幼(you)(you)(you)蟲期(qi)(qi)12—16d，蛹期(qi)(qi)8—9d，雌蟲壽命(ming)12—18d，雄(xiong)蟲壽命(ming)6—10d。幼(you)(you)(you)蟲共4齡(ling)(ling)，1—2齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲取食(shi)嫩(nen)葉，喜(xi)群集；3—4齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲取食(shi)嫩(nen)葉、嫩(nen)枝(zhi)和(he)老(lao)葉；齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲還(huan)取食(shi)莖的(de)(de)綠色表皮，其食(shi)量占(zhan)整(zheng)個(ge)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)78.98%。幼(you)(you)(you)蟲喜(xi)食(shi)三開瓢，成(cheng)蟲喜(xi)訪(fang)馬(ma)纓丹、仙丹花、九重葛等有花植物。在人工飼養(yang)條件下(xia)，成(cheng)蟲的(de)(de)交配率和(he)產卵量與網室(shi)的(de)(de)大小和(he)蝴蝶(die)的(de)(de)密度有關。

形態及特征

雄蝶翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)正面橘(ju)紅色(se)(se)(se)，兩(liang)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具黑色(se)(se)(se)鋸狀(zhuang)外緣。前翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)室內有(you)幾條黑色(se)(se)(se)橫(heng)線(xian)，中(zhong)室端有(you)2個小白(bai)斑(ban)，中(zhong)域有(you)1列“V”字(zi)形白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)（4—5個），其(qi)外有(you)1列白(bai)斑(ban)，黑色(se)(se)(se)外緣帶上(shang)具白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)“（”形斑(ban)列。雌(ci)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)色(se)(se)(se)淡，有(you)的呈灰色(se)(se)(se)或淡綠色(se)(se)(se)。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)反面黃褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)或橙黃色(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)紋(wen)特殊，兩(liang)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)淡色(se)(se)(se)中(zhong)橫(heng)帶及后中(zhong)橫(heng)帶，其(qi)間(jian)有(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)形黑色(se)(se)(se)環列，每個環外側(ce)有(you)2個小黑點；前翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)室內有(you)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)和白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)橫(heng)帶，其(qi)間(jian)有(you)黑色(se)(se)(se)細條紋(wen)。

生活習性

成蟲習性

野外成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)多(duo)活動(dong)于(yu)林(lin)間(jian)空地(di)(di)、林(lin)緣(yuan)向(xiang)陽(yang)開(kai)闊地(di)(di)帶，有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也在(zai)平原地(di)(di)區尋找(zhao)蜜(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物。喜訪馬纓丹花(hua)，有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也取(qu)食發(fa)酵水果汁液、甚(shen)至動(dong)物糞便。在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)園(yuan)內，紅色、橙(cheng)色和(he)黃色等顏(yan)色的(de)花(hua)對成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)最有(you)吸引力，鋪有(you)紅布的(de)喂(wei)食盤能吸引大量成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)取(qu)食。靜止取(qu)食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)翅膀大多(duo)合(he)攏，偶(ou)而將翅膀展開(kai)。飛行低(di)緩(huan)，休息(xi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常停棲在(zai)低(di)矮灌(guan)叢上(shang)(shang)，翅膀合(he)攏，但上(shang)(shang)午有(you)展開(kai)翅膀曬太陽(yang)的(de)習性。雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)前圍繞寄(ji)(ji)主(zhu)植(zhi)(zhi)株下部長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)飛行，尋找(zhao)適宜的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)位置。如無驚擾(rao)，雌(ci)蝶一(yi)天內只產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)一(yi)次卵(luan)(luan)。卵(luan)(luan)大多(duo)聚(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)在(zai)寄(ji)(ji)主(zhu)卷須、葉(xie)片反面(mian)、嫩(nen)葉(xie)和(he)嫩(nen)枝上(shang)(shang)，偶(ou)爾也產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)在(zai)葉(xie)片正面(mian)和(he)嫩(nen)芽上(shang)(shang)，卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)(li)呈(cheng)片狀(zhuang)或串(chuan)狀(zhuang)分布，每(mei)片或串(chuan)12～134粒(li)(li)(li)卵(luan)(luan)。每(mei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)下數粒(li)(li)(li)卵(luan)(luan)后，成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)即向(xiang)前輕(qing)微移動(dong)位置。卵(luan)(luan)塊中(zhong)卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)(li)的(de)數量與(yu)雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)中(zhong)有(you)無驚擾(rao)及成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)日齡有(you)關。求偶(ou)行為屬典型的(de)“巡游型”，雄成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)對于(yu)地(di)(di)面(mian)已死(si)亡的(de)雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)也感興趣，未(wei)發(fa)現其有(you)明顯的(de)領域性。交(jiao)配(pei)(pei)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)晴天上(shang)(shang)午，交(jiao)配(pei)(pei)場所(suo)多(duo)在(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)物葉(xie)片下等隱蔽處，有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)園(yuan)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)。交(jiao)配(pei)(pei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)翅膀合(he)攏、豎立背面(mian)，呈(cheng)“一(yi)”字(zi)排(pai)列。受到驚擾(rao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，雄成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)帶著(zhu)雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)離(li)去。

幼蟲習性

1～5齡幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)均(jun)有(you)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)集(ji)習性，尤(you)以(yi)(yi)1～3齡期的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)群(qun)(qun)密度(du)最大。幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)午孵化(hua)。孵化(hua)時(shi)(shi)，幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)以(yi)(yi)頭部(bu)(bu)頂開(kai)卵(luan)蓋爬(pa)(pa)出。不(bu)少胚胎在(zai)胚胎發育(yu)后期死亡。初孵幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)卵(luan)殼后在(zai)附(fu)近(jin)等候同(tong)(tong)(tong)卵(luan)塊或卵(luan)串的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)，并不(bu)立即尋(xun)找(zhao)適宜位(wei)置取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)一卵(luan)塊中的(de)(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)全部(bu)(bu)孵化(hua)后，所有(you)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)集(ji)在(zai)幼(you)(you)(you)嫩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)反面，主(zhu)(zhu)要聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)靠近(jin)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)尖(jian)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)，有(you)時(shi)(shi)多達近(jin)百只，取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)肉和(he)表皮(pi)，余(yu)下(xia)中脈和(he)較粗的(de)(de)(de)(de)側脈，有(you)時(shi)(shi)也余(yu)下(xia)上(shang)(shang)表皮(pi)，在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)緣留下(xia)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺刻(ke)，或在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)形成寬大及(ji)網狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)。幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)將(jiang)該(gai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)食(shi)(shi)盡后集(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉移。個(ge)(ge)別幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)活動中暫(zan)時(shi)(shi)脫離群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，稍(shao)后也能(neng)再(zai)次(ci)加入(ru)集(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。如(ru)(ru)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)偶爾掉(diao)(diao)落地(di)面或由于其他(ta)原因遠離原來群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，在(zai)重新爬(pa)(pa)上(shang)(shang)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植物(wu)后也會尋(xun)找(zhao)其他(ta)同(tong)(tong)(tong)種(zhong)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)加入(ru)，即使齡期不(bu)一致。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植株上(shang)(shang)沒有(you)同(tong)(tong)(tong)種(zhong)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，失散(san)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也加入(ru)到同(tong)(tong)(tong)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)白帶鋸蛺蝶幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中。常有(you)大量幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)卷須上(shang)(shang)脫皮(pi)，原因還不(bu)清楚。臨近(jin)脫皮(pi)時(shi)(shi)，幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胸腹部(bu)(bu)各節腫脹，尤(you)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)胸明顯(xian)，頭部(bu)(bu)前(qian)伸。先脫皮(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)仍靜(jing)候同(tong)(tong)(tong)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)脫皮(pi)。2齡幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)仍群(qun)(qun)集(ji)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)下(xia)面取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)，可將(jiang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)大部(bu)(bu)吃掉(diao)(diao)，有(you)時(shi)(shi)余(yu)下(xia)中脈微管(guan)束。3齡以(yi)(yi)后，幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)正面、幼(you)(you)(you)嫩枝干和(he)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)處取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)，直到化(hua)蛹前(qian)也大多保持聚(ju)集(ji)習性，但(dan)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)會越來越小，個(ge)(ge)別個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)會離群(qun)(qun)活動。幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)、卷須和(he)嫩莖(jing)，可將(jiang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)殆盡，偶爾會取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)老黃的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)。食(shi)(shi)物(wu)不(bu)足時(shi)(shi)，也取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表皮(pi)。老熟幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)喜在(zai)較為開(kai)闊干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方化(hua)蛹，如(ru)(ru)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)下(xia)、養蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)杯蓋下(xia)及(ji)飼養籠的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂部(bu)(bu)。越冬幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)仍然取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植物(wu)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)莖(jing)皮(pi)，而未進入(ru)滯(zhi)育(yu)狀態。

價值及其他

主要價值

紅鋸蛺蝶是國產蛺蝶中(zhong)最艷麗的種(zhong)類之一(yi)。成(cheng)蟲飛(fei)行低矮、緩慢，非常(chang)適合在蝴蝶觀賞園(yuan)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)，也是工藝(yi)制作(zuo)和喜慶放飛(fei)的優(you)良(liang)蝶種(zhong)。對經濟和園(yuan)林(lin)植物無危害記錄(lu)，各地放飛(fei)利用(yong)的生態(tai)風險(xian)較低。世代(dai)周期短，卵聚產，幼蟲群集取食，適合室內(nei)飼養，應在南方各地大量推廣養殖(zhi)。