基本情況
五(wu)龍洞位于河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省北(bei)部,太行(xing)山北(bei)端。地處安陽、鶴壁、新鄉交界處,沿浚(jun)(縣(xian))南(nan)(nan)(nan)(輝縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)村鎮)公(gong)路可(ke)達。距離林州市 區(qu)50公(gong)里。介(jie)于東徑113°55′~114°00′和北(bei)緯35°41′~35°45′之(zhi)間,南(nan)(nan)(nan)與衛輝接壤(rang),東接淇縣(xian)。公(gong)園東西長7公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬6公(gong)里,總面積2527公(gong)頃。1995 年被批準為國家森林公(gong)園。
公園內(nei)山勢險(xian)峻,危(wei)巖聳立(li),峭壁(bi)奇澗遍布。境內(nei)第一(yi)高(gao)峰黃梅草腦(nao),海拔(ba)1069米,第二高(gao)峰三縣(xian)腦(nao),海拔(ba)1043米。平均坡度(du)(du)35左(zuo)右,最大坡度(du)(du)70左(zuo)右。
土(tu)壤為褐土(tu),土(tu)層厚度一般在30~70厘米(mi),土(tu)壤呈中性及(ji)微堿性。
旅游資源綜述
五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)國(guo)家森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園分五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)、四道溝、雞冠山(shan)和驢馱溝四大(da)景(jing)觀(guan)區。 公(gong)(gong)(gong)園所在地(di)(di)受第(di)三(san)紀(ji)末(mo)喜馬拉雅山(shan)運(yun)動(dong)和第(di)四紀(ji)燕山(shan)期斷裂(lie)運(yun)動(dong)的(de)影(ying)響,造成山(shan)勢(shi)險(xian)峻(jun),危巖(yan)聳立,峽谷幽洞(dong)(dong)遍布,構成山(shan)體的(de)巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要為(wei)奧陶紀(ji)石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan),巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)形狀(zhuang)極為(wei)獨特(te)。五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)國(guo)家森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園山(shan)勢(shi)渾厚(hou)蒼勁(jing),怪(guai)石(shi)(shi)嶙峋,樹木蔥郁(yu),溶洞(dong)(dong)幽穴(xue)星羅棋布,集“山(shan)秀、洞(dong)(dong)古、石(shi)(shi)奇、林(lin)(lin)幽”于一體。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園地(di)(di)處暖溫帶(dai)落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)帶(dai),以(yi)溫帶(dai)落葉(xie)植物區系為(wei)主(zhu),植物種(zhong)類有(you) 400余種(zhong),如油松(song)(song)、側(ce)柏、山(shan)桃、柿(shi)樹、櫟類等(deng)(deng),林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面積 11.9平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為(wei) 47.1%;野生(sheng)動(dong)物有(you)狼(lang)、野豬、松(song)(song)鼠、畫(hua)眉、百靈、金雕、紅尾鴝等(deng)(deng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園以(yi)森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)、巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)景(jing)觀(guan)、溶洞(dong)(dong)景(jing)觀(guan)而著(zhu)名。森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)有(you):十里松(song)(song)濤、五(wu)龍(long)紅葉(xie)等(deng)(deng);石(shi)(shi)景(jing)有(you):天生(sheng)橋、鱷魚石(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng);溶洞(dong)(dong)有(you):五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)、八(ba)卦洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)。
公園內以四季常青、生長(chang)茂盛的(de)側柏、油(you)松(song)林為主(zhu),還有黃櫨、連翹、繡線菊等灌木,形(xing)成了獨具(ju)特(te)色、十分誘人(ren)的(de)森林景觀。春天(tian),各種(zhong)迎春花(hua)草次第(di)開放。夏季,林木蔥郁,濃陰遮日,樹(shu)下(xia)涼氣襲人(ren)。秋(qiu)天(tian),萬木崢嶸(rong),樹(shu)葉流(liu)丹,秋(qiu)風陣(zhen)(zhen)陣(zhen)(zhen),果香沁脈。冬天(tian),到(dao)處銀妝素(su)裹,玉樹(shu)瓊花(hua)。
主要景點特色
五龍(long)洞森林公園(yuan)自(zi)然風光獨特(te)壯觀,主要景點有五龍(long)洞、駱駝(tuo)峰、絕壁雙(shuang)亭、皇姑(gu)庵、神功(gong)石、天生橋等。
五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 為太行(xing)山第一(yi)大溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),第一(yi)大廳面(mian)積約(yue)1100平(ping)方米(mi)(mi),可容(rong)納2000余人。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內最寬處60米(mi)(mi),最高處44米(mi)(mi),深度目前(qian)已能走入700米(mi)(mi)。五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)歷史悠久,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內石刻記載(zai)明萬歷年間即已成為衛輝、淇(qi)縣(xian)、浚縣(xian)、林(lin)縣(xian)南部等地區祈雨中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),每(mei)逢大旱之年,來此祈雨的(de)人數以(yi)千計,香火極旺。相傳古時清風(feng)山下(xia)(xia)漁村一(yi)村姑和其母(mu)正在門口縫洗(xi)(xi)被子,忽一(yi)道士路過(guo),請母(mu)女(nv)為其拆洗(xi)(xi)一(yi)下(xia)(xia)道袍(pao),女(nv)兒在拆洗(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)不斷用嘴咬線(xian),并吞下(xia)(xia)了五(wu)個(ge)線(xian)頭,此后便有了身(shen),女(nv)兒的(de)父親怕鄰居恥笑(xiao),就把女(nv)兒送(song)(song)到了這里,由哥(ge)哥(ge)每(mei)日送(song)(song)飯。一(yi)日晴空萬里,哥(ge)哥(ge)送(song)(song)飯到半路上,忽聽(ting)身(shen)后雷聲大作,回頭忘(wang)去,見(jian)陡崖上開了一(yi)個(ge)山洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)妹(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)身(shen)上爬著五(wu)條龍(long):黑龍(long)、白龍(long)、青龍(long)、蒼龍(long)、黃龍(long),從此,五(wu)龍(long)呼風(feng)喚雨,為天下(xia)(xia)百姓(xing)解除旱災。
五龍洞(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)然石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)區型溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong),目前(qian)能開進深度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1200余米。經地質學家考察,確認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)早在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)億年(nian)前(qian)就(jiu)已(yi)形成(cheng),其古老的(de)(de)(de)老齡,具(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)規模,獨特的(de)(de)(de)自然景觀在(zai)(zai)北方太行山(shan)區極為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)罕見,被譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太行山(shan)第一(yi)大(da)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)。大(da)廳(ting)(ting)分(fen)內(nei)廳(ting)(ting)、外(wai)廳(ting)(ting),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)由一(yi)天(tian)然大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)簾隔開。內(nei)廳(ting)(ting)分(fen)上(shang)下兩(liang)層(ceng),在(zai)(zai)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)南端有天(tian)天(tian)窗直通山(shan)頂,又(you)叫通天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)呈(cheng)金黃色,形成(cheng)了十分(fen)逼真的(de)(de)(de)觀音菩薩(sa)、老壽(shou)星(xing)、龍王、呂洞(dong)(dong)賓等形象。游客至(zhi)(zhi)此,可(ke)感到(dao)(dao)山(shan)風吹拂,過(guo)大(da)廳(ting)(ting)繼續前(qian)行,山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)突然變小、變低,每隔幾米即有一(yi)道由鐘(zhong)乳形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)(men),石(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)前(qian)后(hou)各有清水(shui)一(yi)潭(tan),水(shui)流入潭(tan)中(zhong)(zhong),叮咚(dong)作響(xiang)。行至(zhi)(zhi)150米深處(chu)(chu),就(jiu)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)了鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)精華處(chu)(chu),這時(shi)仿佛(fo)是來(lai)到(dao)(dao)了另一(yi)個世界:蝙蝠在(zai)(zai)上(shang)下翻(fan)飛(fei),一(yi)片片上(shang)下已(yi)連接的(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)乳林(lin)整(zheng)齊地排列在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起,石(shi)(shi)(shi)床、石(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍、石(shi)(shi)(shi)盆、石(shi)(shi)(shi)幔(man)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅隨處(chu)(chu)可(ke)見。洞(dong)(dong)回(hui)路(lu)轉,柳暗花(hua)明又(you)一(yi)廳(ting)(ting),走至(zhi)(zhi)600米處(chu)(chu),潭(tan)水(shui)已(yi)淹至(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)(men),此時(shi)洞(dong)(dong)壁上(shang)刻(ke)有游人(ren)詩一(yi)首:“天(tian)生一(yi)個五龍洞(dong)(dong),無限風光在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong),鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍世罕見,天(tian)下奇觀留游人(ren)”,這正是對五龍洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)真實寫照。
清風(feng)寺 建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)代(dai)。位(wei)于(yu)五龍(long)洞崖下,因該洞位(wei)于(yu)半(ban)崖上,古時需攀援(yuan)才能到達,后(hou)由祈雨(yu)者集資修建(jian)了清風(feng)寺。到清代(dai)已有殿堂數10間(jian),后(hou)歷經戰亂,現(xian)僅存10余間(jian)。殿內供奉龍(long)母娘娘和黑(hei)、白、青、蒼(cang)、黃五龍(long)。每年農歷三月初八廟(miao)會,香客(ke)可(ke)達數千人(ren)。
皇姑(gu)庵 位(wei)于林州、衛(wei)輝、淇縣交界的(de)三縣垴。為(wei)商(shang)朝紂(zhou)王(wang)(wang)兵(bing)敗后藏身處。在山頂有房屋2間,因(yin)紂(zhou)王(wang)(wang)與其女在此居住,故稱皇姑(gu)庵。皇姑(gu)庵北邊的(de)山溝(gou)為(wei)銅槍溝(gou),再往北為(wei)鐵(tie)爐溝(gou),傳說均為(wei)紂(zhou)王(wang)(wang)打制兵(bing)器的(de)地方。
神功石(shi) 進入山口不遠,路(lu)下溝中水聲(sheng)潺(chan)潺(chan),碧水如鏡,在清(qing)水環繞的石(shi)上有(you)一塊大石(shi)頭,體(ti)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)80立方(fang)米,重約(yue)200噸,支點面積(ji)(ji)極小,若一人找著(zhu)力點,即可搖(yao)動,但再增加人數(shu)用力推(tui),卻絲毫難移,故名神功石(shi)。
天(tian)生橋(qiao) 在溝兩(liang)邊(bian)陡峭的懸崖之間,一天(tian)生石橋(qiao)飛架而過。橋(qiao)跨度27.3米(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)身寬3.7~5米(mi)(mi),厚(hou)0.5~0.8米(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)高11.8米(mi)(mi)。據北京大(da)學教(jiao)授陳傳康考證,此石橋(qiao)跨度之大(da),橋(qiao)身之高為長江以北第一,全國第二,較之武(wu)陵風(feng)景區之仙人(ren)橋(qiao)還(huan)要奇妙(miao),可謂世上(shang)罕見。
森林(lin)公(gong)園 以四季長(chang)青(qing),生(sheng)長(chang)茂密的(de)油松林(lin)為(wei)主,灌木以毛黃(huang)櫨、連翹、繡線菊(ju)、照(zhao)山(shan)白等為(wei)主,形成特色獨具的(de)四季景觀。
1992年,北京(jing)大學環境系教授,全國風景規劃專家(jia)陳傳康到此考察,稱這里是(shi)典(dian)型的石灰巖地質風光,是(shi)一個難(nan)得的天(tian)然(ran)森林公園,并當場題詞(ci):天(tian)橋清風流碧(bi)水,龍洞綠樹映山色。
1995年,五龍洞森(sen)林公園被國家林業部正式批(pi)準為(wei)國家級森(sen)林公園,中(zhong)(zhong)國森(sen)林資(zi)源評價委員會、中(zhong)(zhong)國旅游學院科學研究所王興(xing)(xing)斌(bin)教授興(xing)(xing)奮地把這里歸納(na)為(wei)“山秀(xiu)、洞古、石奇、林幽”,并滿(man)懷(huai)信心地題寫寄(ji)語:“五龍藏千年,騰飛在今朝(chao)”。
五龍洞國(guo)家森林(lin)公園(yuan)不(bu)僅自(zi)然(ran)風光獨特壯觀,同時人(ren)文景觀也(ye)相當豐富,自(zi)唐(tang)朝以來,這里就(jiu)是鄰近(jin)幾縣(xian)百姓祈雨(yu)的主要場所,歷代(dai)僧人(ren)道姑也(ye)多在此出家,使之成為遠(yuan)近(jin)聞名的宗教圣地。
洞天福(fu)地,曲(qu)徑(jing)通幽,松濤密林,涼亭清(qing)風(feng),森林景觀與山水風(feng)光相輝映,人文(wen)景觀與民間傳說(shuo)相交融。暢游五(wu)龍洞將(jiang)會給你一種心情舒(shu)暢,飄然(ran)世外之感。
旅游信息
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