變壓器的原理
變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理并不(bu)復雜,它利用了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感應原(yuan)理。當其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)塊導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)有一(yi)些不(bu)定量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo),便(bian)(bian)會產生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)動的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)互感原(yuan)理,這變(bian)動的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場會使第二塊導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。假如第二塊導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是一(yi)條閉(bi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)一(yi)部份,那么(me)該閉(bi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路便(bian)(bian)會產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力于是得(de)以傳(chuan)送。在通用的(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)中(zhong),有關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)組成(cheng)線(xian)圈,因為線(xian)圈所產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場要比(bi)一(yi)條筆直的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)大得(de)多。當初級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈中(zhong)通有交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時,鐵芯中(zhong)便(bian)(bian)產生(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)磁(ci)(ci)通,使次級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈中(zhong)感應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。初級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈、次級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)VS,VP和兩者的(de)(de)繞線(xian)的(de)(de)匝(za)數(shu)NS,NP之間有正比(bi)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的(de)這個(ge)性質使(shi)它成為轉換電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)重(zhong)要設備。由于變壓(ya)器(qi)遵守(shou)這兩(liang)(liang)條定律,它不會(hui)是放大器(qi)。如果(guo)處(chu)在(zai)變壓(ya)器(qi)兩(liang)(liang)方(fang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)有所(suo)不同,那么(me)流(liu)經變壓(ya)器(qi)兩(liang)(liang)方(fang)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)也會(hui)不同,而兩(liang)(liang)者的(de)差距則成反比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器能直(zhi)接看到鐵芯和線圈,大(da)(da)多使用(yong)硅橡膠套管,適用(yong)于配電用(yong),容量大(da)(da)都在(zai)1600KVA以下,電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)10KV以下,也有個(ge)別做(zuo)(zuo)到35KV電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)級的(de)。油式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器只能看到變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼,大(da)(da)部分(fen)使用(yong)瓷套管,可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電路(lu),可(ke)(ke)以從小到大(da)(da)做(zuo)(zuo)到全部容量,電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)級也做(zuo)(zuo)到了所有電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)(deng)級是固(gu)定的(de),常見的(de)有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)容量等(deng)(deng)級按(an)照R10優先(xian)系數來(lai)計(ji)算的(de),可分為小型變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、中型變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、大(da)型變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、特(te)大(da)型變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)這四(si)個(ge)等(deng)(deng)級。